Professional Documents
Culture Documents
TLUDs For Biochar Prod IBI Rio 2010 09 11 PDF
TLUDs For Biochar Prod IBI Rio 2010 09 11 PDF
Finalized
design and
production
started in
Chennai in
January
2009.
Tested in Nepal in 2009
[Results reported by STARIC for Champion TLUD gasifier.]
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 90% - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
80% 80%
Weight percent of dry sample
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 70% - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
40% 40%
Blue = Resident C
0% 0%
C
VI
G
-L
IV
M
A
V
III
IV
O
I II
II
H
-I
-S
J
II
-B
Fir bon # Q
VI
Ch 2 - E
V
Ce Bioca 1 - N
I
Ch 1 - D
ple
ple
1-
ple
ir -
s-
ple
ple
-
3-
ple
ple
n-
1-
-
3-
car rbon-
ple
ple
ple
er C r #1
ple
ple
#2
r B Char
bon
aw ar #2
Tor Chips
ioc on #2
Sam
ar #
Sam
Wo Pell et
dF
Sam
ar #
Sam
ar #
rb o
d#
Sam
#
Sam
#
Sam
Sam
Sam
Sam
Sam
Sam
Other Biochars TLUD Biochar
h ar
a
on
har
car
e
ca
Ga er Ch
ran
h
Ch
ll
refi
let
-F C
DI
arb
-F C
od
DI
C
Bio
-F C
DI
tC
-F C
Bi o
DI
-F C
-F C
ar
od
DI
DI
Ma d Pel
aw
aw
TLU
llet
ioc
TLU
D II
TL U
sifi
Wo
Gra Pelle
TLU
D II
TLU
TLU
si fi
D II
dar
Jun r Bio
D II
ch a
D II
D II
en
Str
u
Str
Str
Pe
rB
rB
Ga
cN
TLU
o
TLU
Asp
TLU
TLU
TLU
TLU
Wo
i pe
i pe
i pe
ss
ss
Gra
Ju n
Ju n
Fixed Carbon Fixed H & O Fixed Nitrogen Volatile Carbon Volatile H & O Fixed Carbon Fixed H & O Fixed Nitrogen Volatile Carbon Volatile H & O
Volatile Nitrogen Ash (acid soluble) Ash (non-soluble) Volatile Nitrogen Ash (acid soluble) Ash (non-soluble)
MODIFIED ULIMATE ANALYSES OF CHARS
Source: All biochars are not created equal…, McLaughlin, Anderson, Shields and Reed (2009).
10.00
9.00
10% of CEC in meq/100g
7.00
6.00
5.00
4.00
3.00
2.00
1.00
0.00
VI
IV
V
III
IV
II
I II
I
II
VI
V
I
e
ple
e
ple
e
ple
e
e
pl
e
ple
pl
pl
pl
pl
pl
pl
pl
m
am
m
am
m
am
m
am
m
am
am
Sa
Sa
Sa
Sa
Sa
Sa
IS
IS
IS
IS
IS
IS
C
C
C
D
F
D
F
D
F
D
F
U
F
II-
U
II-
U
II-
U
II-
U
II-
II-
TL
TL
TL
D
TL
TL
TL
D
D
D
U
U
U
U
TL
TL
TL
TL
TL
TL
CEC AND ADSORPTION CAPACITY OF TLUD CHARS
Source: All biochars are not created equal…, McLaughlin, Anderson, Shields and Reed (2009).
The Champion TLUD Makes
Respectable Biochar
• Greater than 70% resident (fixed) carbon.
• Less than 10% mobile (volatile) matter.
• Modest cation exchange capacity (CEC).
• Higher pyrolysis temperatures yield 3X higher
adsorption capacity but lower the weight yield
by one third.
• Weight yields of 16% to 23% are typical.
• While providing useful heat for cooking!
TLUD Capacity to Sequester C
• Typical biochar yield of 20 wt%.
• Typical resident (fixed) carbon 70%.
• 1 kg fuel yields 140 g resident carbon.
• 5 kg fuel/day yields 700 g C per household/day.
• X 365 days = >250 kg C per household/yr.
• 4 households yield 1 ton C/yr.
• 400 households yield 100 ton C/yr.
• 2.5 billion people use solid fuels for cooking, =
400 million households, so the potential is
100 million ton C/yr by using TLUD stoves.
How to make 100 Mt-C/yr?
• Fair value for the char, greater than its value
as a cooking fuel (or else people will burn it!!)
• TLUD stoves at various prices and features, to
have “buy-in” by the households of all levels.
• Financial participation by governments,
NGOs, companies and individuals who what
improvements in any of these challenges:
– Climate, forests, crops, food security, health, less
poverty, stable citizens, and the resultant peace.
• Mobilize fuel supplies, as business, not charity.
• Decide, and get started NOW in each region.
Where do these stoves go?
• For ease of calculations, 2.5 billion people using solid
fuel stoves are divided into 5 equal parts, each with 500
million people (80 million households):
– India, China, other Asia, Africa, & Other (Latin America plus.).
• A goal of 40 million TLUD cookstoves MAKING
BIOCHAR in Africa within ten years is worthy and
attainable. Could Africa become carbon negative?!
• China and India have single governments to implement
programs of their own choosing. They are considering
TLUDs, but not for their ability to make biochar.
• There is one limiting factor to accomplish 200 million
biochar-making stoves in 10 years: financial backing by
those who believe that CO2 reduction is important.
Challenges and Solutions
• Perhaps only reach • 200 million is still 50
half of the households. million tons C/yr.
• Where to start? • A few strong pilot sites
to showcase.
• How much funding? • Peanuts compared to
– Millions go into other the cost of not starting.
renewable energy.
• Informing the world • That is why we are
of what TLUDs can speaking to you.
accomplish.
Why should you be involved?
• TLUD pyrolytic gasifiers can create biochar!
[You can become a charcoal-making “geek.”]
• We are literally working at the frontiers of
knowledge!!
• The results could make a difference:
– Between starvation and plentiful harvests for
some people.
– For coping with the threat of climate change.
• Career, employment, income, personal benefits.
Nine clear “wins” and
no evident “loses”
A. .Families use low-value biomass and cut
fewer trees, reducing deforestation. WIN
B. .Society observes less CO2 entering the
atmosphere (via charcoal co-product). WIN
C. .Kyoto/CDM “carbon credit” is generated
by this charcoal and reforestation. WIN
D. .Impoverished families receive improved
cookstoves to motivate A & B. WIN
E. .Reduced Indoor Air Pollution yields
better health for biomass users. WIN
F. .Verifiable permanent sequestration of
carbon via scattered burial. WIN
G. .Soil characteristics improve; crops are
better (w/ improved food & health). WIN
H. .Appropriate sustainable technology
creates employment & capacity
building. WIN
I. .De-centralized implementation allows
maximum localized adaptations. WIN
Thank you. Muito obrigado.
• Contact information for :
Dr. Paul S. Anderson “Dr. TLUD”
Email: psanders@ilstu.edu
• Two other presentations at IBI-Rio:
– CHAB Camp
– CHAB removal of 1 Gt/yr Carbon
• I will assist in all countries, including
– Uganda in November 2010
– Peru in February 2011 for PCIA Conf.