‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ 216 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬

W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٣
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٤
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٥
 ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  K٦
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٧
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٨

 ٢W‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ 216 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
   ،‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬       ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
” Converters“‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
W ‫א‬
” Controlled Rectifiers “‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
” DC Choppers“‫א‬‫א‬
” AC Voltage Controllers “‫א‬‫א‬
” Inverters “‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬

“Controlled Rectifiers” ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬?‫א‬‫?א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
EF‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬  ،‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
    ،‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
W‫א‬
” Half Wave Converter”‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
“Semi-converter”‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ 216 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬

”Full Wave Converter “ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

“Dual Converter” ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

Single Phase Half Wave Converter ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬K 2-1EQF‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(D)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

Vo =
Vm
(1 + Cosα ) (2-1)
2π

 
E2-1F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ (2-1)‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ،” α“‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

W (2-1) 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
  ،‫א‬    
  ‫א‬        10Ω
W‫א‬208 v‫א‬‫א‬
60o‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ 216 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬

8A‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K

‫א‬‫א‬ K

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K


‫א‬
‫א‬E
Vm = 208 2 = 294.156  Volt
Vo = m (1 + Cosα ) = 46.816(1 + Cos 60) = 70.22
V Volt
2π
Io =
Vo
= 7.022
Amp.
R

‫א‬‫א‬E
8A
Vo = I o R = 8 × 10 = 80  Volt
 (2-1)‫א‬
α= 44.86o
 ‫א‬E
‫א‬‫א‬
Vo max =
Vm
(1 + Cosα ) = 46.816(1 + Cos0) = 93.63 Volt
2π
V
I o max = o max = 9.36 Amp.
R

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Vm(2-1)‫א‬
α(deg) 0 45 90 135 180
Vo(volt) 93.63 79.816 46.816 13.71 0
1
E2-1F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ 216 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬

100

50
Vo
( 0
0 45 90 135 180
Alpha (deg)
E2-2F‫א‬
E2-1F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

Single Phase Semi-“ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

”converter
 ‫א‬          ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬   (D1, D2) ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬ (Q1,Q2)     ‫(א‬2-3)
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E2-4F‫א‬،“D”‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬ 

E2-3F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬ YVoY‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬    Y0-π[ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬   
W‫א‬
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 ‫א‬‫א‬ 216 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬

Vo =
Vm
(1 + Cosα ) (2-2)
π
‫א‬      ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬(2-2) ‫א‬  ‫א‬  
K“α”‫א‬
  ‫א‬،   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
“One quadrant“‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬

E2-4F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

- ٢٢ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ 216 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬

W(2-2)
       ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬  
 ‫א‬ 10Ω‫א‬
،‫א‬   
W‫א‬208 v‫א‬‫א‬
75o‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K
150 v‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K

‫א‬‫א‬ K


‫א‬
‫א‬E
Vm = 208 2 = 294.156  Volt

Vo =
Vm
(1 + Cosα ) = 93 ⋅ 633(1 + Cos75) = 117.86 Volt
π
Vo
Io = = 11.787 Amp.
R

150 V‫א‬(2-2)‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬E
o
α= 52.987

‫א‬‫א‬E
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

Vo max =
Vm
(1 + Cosα ) = 93.633(1 + Cos0) = 187.266 Volt
π

“Single Phase Full Converter” ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬          ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬   E2-6F ‫א‬ K (Q1,Q2,Q3,Q4)   (2-5F
‫א‬‫א‬ (Q1, Q2) ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ (Q3, Q4) ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ، ‫א‬ 90o‫א‬ ‫א‬K‫א‬

- ٢٣ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ 216 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬     ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬    90o‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،(Two-quadrant)90o
K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ “Vo“ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
“α to π-α”‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

2Vm
Vo = Cosα (2-3)
π

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ (2-3)‫א‬‫א‬
“α ”‫א‬

E2-5F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

- ٢٤ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ 216 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬

E2-6F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
W(2-3)
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
  ،‫א‬    
  ‫א‬        10Ω
W‫א‬208 v‫א‬‫א‬
45o‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K
Ps‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K

 ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 135o ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬   K

‫א‬
- ٢٥ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ 216 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬
E
Vm = 208 2 = 294.156  Volt
2V
Vo = m (Cosα ) = 187.266(Cos 45) = 132.417
Volt
π
V
I o = o = 13.2417
Amp.
R

E
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Z‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Ps= PL =VoIo=1753.43 watt
 E
، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 135o‫א‬ ‫א‬
 (2-3) ‫א‬
2Vm
Vo = (Cosα ) = 187.266(Cos135) = −132.417 Volt
π
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Ps= VoIo= -1753.43 watt

Single Phase Dual Converter‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

E2-7F ‫א‬         ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬     
   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  (Four quadrant)
‫א‬‫א‬

E2-7F‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
- ٢٦ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ 216 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬

“Three Phase Half Wave Converter” ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬   “Q1,Q2,Q3“ ‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
 E2-8F‫א‬

E2-8F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 (ωt>π/6)   ‫א‬ Q1‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬Van‫א‬،(ωt=π/6 + α)
‫א‬Q1(ωt=5π/6 + α)Q2
  (ωt=3π/2 + α) Q3 ‫א‬،‫א‬ Vbn
‫א‬ Vcn‫א‬،  Q2
    ‫א‬ ‫א‬    E2-9F ‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ” Two quadrant“       ‫א‬  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

3 3Vm
Vo = Cosα (2-4)
2π
 

- ٢٧ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ 216 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬

E2-9F‫א‬
‫אא‬‫א‬
W (2-4) 
10Ω‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬   
 ‫א‬
30o‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،208 v
 ‫א‬
‫א‬
208 2
Vm = = 169.83  Volt
3
3 3Vm
Vo = (Cosα ) = 140 ⋅ 449(Cos30) = 121.633 Volt
2π
V
I o = o = 12.166 Amp.
R

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ 216 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬

“Three Phase Semi-  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

converter”
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،E2-10F‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ،”One quadrant“
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
3 3Vm
Vo = (1 + Cosα ) (2-5)
2π

E2-10F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

W (2-5) 
            ‫א‬  
،‫א‬   
 ‫א‬ 10Ω‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ K208 v 
 ‫א‬‫א‬
30o
‫א‬
208 2
Vm = = 169.83  Volt
3
3 3Vm
Vo = (1 + Cosα ) = 140 ⋅ 449(1 + Cos30) = 262.08 Volt
2π
V
I o = o = 26.208 Amp.
R

- ٢٩ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ 216 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬

“Three Phase Full Converter” ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

E2-11F ‫א‬        ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ”Two quadrant“

3 3Vm
Vo = Cosα (2-6)
π

E2-11F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
W (2-6) 
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬   
 ‫א‬ 10Ω
‫א‬K208 v
 ‫א‬‫א‬
45o‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K
Ps‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K

 ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 135o ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬   K

‫א‬

- ٣٠ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ 216 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬
E
208 2
Vm = = 169.83  Volt
3
3 3Vm
Vo = (Cosα ) = 280.898(Cos45) = 198.625 Volt
π
Vo
Io = = 19.8625 Amp.
R
 E
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Z‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Ps= PL =VoIo=3945.189 watt
 E
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 135o‫א‬ ‫א‬
(2-3)‫א‬

3 3Vm
Vo = (Cosα ) = 280.898(Cos135) = −198.625 Volt
π
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Ps= VoIo= -3945.189 watt

- ٣١ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ 216 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬

“Three Phase Dual Converter”‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

E2-12F ‫א‬        ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬      
   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  “Four quadrant”
K‫א‬‫א‬

E2-12F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

DC Choppers ‫א‬‫א‬W 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،EF‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬KKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬

Theory of Operation ‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬ E2-13F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Ton‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬()
 ‫א‬ Toff ‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬

- ٣٢ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ 216 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬  E2-14F ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬      ،
W‫א‬‫א‬

Ton
Vo = Vs = kVs (2-7)
T
 

 ‫א‬ Vs
‫א‬ Ton
‫א‬ Toff
‫א‬‫א‬ T
‫א‬ Vo
‫א‬ k

،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E2-7F‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬E2500 Hz 500 Hz‫א‬F  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 IGPT   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬   
KKKKKKK GTOMOSFET

Vo
S
Io
Vs
Vs Vo R
Ton Toff

E2-14F‫א‬ E2-13)‫א‬
‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ 216 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬ ‫א‬     ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬      
W‫א‬
(T) ‫א‬‫א‬(Ton)‫א‬ (PWM) ‫א‬

 (Ton) ‫א‬‫א‬(T) ‫א‬(FM)‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬    (SCR) ‫א‬ ‫א‬   W‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬(PT)‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ، (MOSFET)  ‫א‬   W‫א‬ 
W‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬
‫א‬ (MOSFET)‫א‬ •
K‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫• א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬     ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬   
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

”Step Down DC Chopper”  ‫א‬‫א‬

 ،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬     E2-15F‫א‬K‫א‬ ‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ 216 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E2-16F‫א‬

K‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(On)‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(Off)‫א‬‫א‬،(Q)
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬، (Q)
K‫א‬‫א‬(2-7)

E2-15F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ 216 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬

E2-16F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

”Step Up DC Chopper”  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬  K‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬   E2-17F
(L)‫א‬‫א‬(On)‫א‬K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬(Off)‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬
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 ‫א‬‫א‬ 216 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬

∆I
vo = Vs (2-8)
1− k
 W
‫א‬ Vs

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ∆I
‫א‬ k

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ vo

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  (2-8)‫א‬

       ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬   K‫א‬ 
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

E2-17F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ 216 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬

AC Voltage Controller  ‫א‬‫א‬W 

‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬،EF
‫א‬      ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬   
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬،(2-18)‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،Q1, Q2
‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  K‫א‬  ‫א‬
K‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬
On-Off Control ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ Q1, Q2‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 2-19
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Phase Control‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
 Q1, Q2    ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ 
KE2-20F‫א‬‫א‬
E2-18F ‫א‬   ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬   
KE2-21F‫א‬‫א‬

E2-18F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
- ٣٨ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ 216 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬

E2-19F‫א‬
E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

E2-20F‫א‬
EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

- ٣٩ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ 216 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬

‫ﺣﻤﻞ ﺛﻼﺛﻲ اﻷوﺟﻪ‬

‫ﻣﻮﺻﻞ ﻧﺠﻤﺔ‬

‫ﺣﺎآﻢ اﻟﺠﻬﺪ اﻟﻤﺘﺮدد‬

‫ﺛﻼﺛﻲ اﻷوﺟﻪ‬

E2-21F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

INVERTERS  ‫א‬‫א‬W ‫א‬

‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ،  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ (PWM) ‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬        (Filter)   ‫א‬ ،‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
- ٤٠ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ 216 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬

    ‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬     ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ (UPS) ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬  
K‫א‬

‫א‬
‫א‬E2-22F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ (D1, D2) ‫א‬ E٢F (Q1, Q2)  E٢F 
‫א‬‫א‬ Q1‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ Q1 Vs
‫א‬‫א‬Q2،(T/2)‫א‬‫א‬EVsF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬  (-Vs) ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬  Q2   ‫א‬
‫א‬ E2-23F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ (T/2)‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ D2‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ Q1EF ‫א‬
  D1   ‫א‬  ،Q2    ‫א‬    ‫א‬
 KQ2‫א‬‫א‬
 

E2-22F‫א‬
‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ 216 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬

E2-23F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

Single Phase Bridge Inverter ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬ E‫א‬KKKK‫א‬ F
 ‫א‬    Q1, Q2      ،E2-24F ‫א‬    
‫א‬‫א‬E J2VsF‫א‬   Q3, Q4،E2VsF‫א‬‫א‬
    Q3, Q4     D1, D2    E2-25F ‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ 216 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬ D3, D4،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

KQ1, Q2

E2-24F‫א‬
‫א‬

E2-25F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬ E2-24F ‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
KE2-26F‫א‬‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ 216 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬

E2-26F‫א‬
‫א‬

 

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ 216 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬



W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K
K
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K


W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬C 9
…K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
… ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
… ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
…   ‫א‬‫א‬ •
… ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
… ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
 
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K


W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ א‬K

K
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 ‫א‬‫א‬ 216 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫ א‬K


W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬10Ω
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K208 v‫א‬‫א‬
15 Amp ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K
Ps‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K

 ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 135o  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   K

K‫א‬

W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
       ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  
 ‫א‬ 10Ω‫א‬
‫א‬   
K
45o‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬208 v
 ‫א‬‫א‬

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