Our systems 7. Find in the picture: agirl skipping _ ¢)a child riding a bike aboyjumping — d) children running together. 2° Listen and point to the children.GETTING STARTED D correct the crazy sentences in your notebook. a) |use my ears to taste chocolate. b) | use my hands to smell ©) | see with my skin. d) | hear with my eyes. > D Write a crazy sentence about the senses. Ask your partner to say what the mistak D choose the correct answer. a) What happens to the heart when we run? 1. The heart beats faster 2. The heart beats slower 3. The heart stays the same b) We have ... 1. 10 muscles 2. 20 muscles 3. muscles all over our body. ©) When does the heart work? 1, When we are awake 2. Always 3. When we are asleep. Look at the photo. What’s special about this man? G20 New lister are onswor the quettiog!. a) What's Daniel Browning’s other name? b) Does he have bones? ©) What are his joints and muscles like?eee Ma ELC) Da a iy Read and find: What do you hear, omrell, gee that tells you is lunch time? a) what our senses do b) what our brain does ¢) what our nerves do. /e have five senses and each sense has an organ. The organ of touch is the skin. We use our skin to identify is hot or cold, hard or soft, smooth or rough. Our body is covered with skin. It's the largest organ in the body, The organ of taste is the tongue. We use our tongue to identify different flavours. The organs of sight are the eyes. We use our eyes to identify colour, shape, size and distance. The organ of smell is the nose. We use our noses to identify different smells. The organs of hearing are the ears. We use our ears to identify loud, quiet, high and low sounds. Jur senses work together with our nervous system. The nervous ystem is made up of the brain, the spinal cord and the nerves. The brain is inside the skull. It controls everything that happens in our bodies. It receives messages from our five senses and gives instructions. There are nerves all over our body. Most nerves are connected to the brain by the spinal cord. The nerves carry messages to the brain and instructions from the brain to our locomotor system that make us move and react to the environment. Ve use our senses all the time to recognise and respond to what is happening around us. For example, eeing the little green man on a pedestrian traffic light means we can cross the street. Our bodies and health ®ACTIVITIES BD £4} Listen and repest. sense organs nervous system brain. nerves information messages. —_instructions B 2b SI mime and sing the Look after ‘your senses song. > GHIRR) copy and order these actions in your notebook. You stand up and walk to the kitchen, You ask your mum to turn the cooker off. You smell something burning in the kitchen. You see the food burning. Which senses detect this information?’ > Dp Draw and label two things you only see and two things you see and hear. D (6 GMM check your learning.“a chloe coh). Ae Ra aa a Ey Ee & . muscles like? i Read and find: a) what bones do ¢) what joints do b) what muscles do d) what tendons do. ur locomotor system makes our body move. It’s made up of bones, joints and muscles. It uses strients from food and oxygen to work. We use our locomotor system to move, eat and speak. We have 600 muscles! They are elastic and flexible. We can move some of them, for example, the ones in our arms and legs. Other muscles move automatically, for example, the heart. We have 206 bones. They are hard and rigid. Bones make up the skeleton. They support the body and protect the heart, lungs and brain, Bones are also light so we can move. Joints are where two or more bones meet. At the joints tendons attach muscles to the bones, When a muscle contracts it pulls on the bone, moving it. This allows the skeleton to bend. The hip is a joint and so is the knee. They allow the leg to bend. Can you see other joints in the picture? Our bodies and health 6| know how to ... look after my locomotor system! .ook at the pictures. Which of these things should you do? Which shouldn’t you? Carry heavy things. Warm up before doing sports. Stretch after doing sports. Sit with bad posture. BD {7} FA say the Brain Gym chant. ED) GHIAK) Read the clues and write hones, muscles or joints in your notebook. a) They cannot bend ©) They can stretch. e) They are not rigid. b) They protect the heart, d) They form the skeleton. _) They allow the skeleton to bend the lungs and the brain. BD write true or false. Correct the false sentences. a) We can move all our muscles. ¢) Elbows and knees are joints. b) We have 600 bones. ) Muscles are attached to bones by tendons. p® What do the paper fasteners represent? DB (c) GMD check your learning. Make a skeleton. Use paper fasteners to connect the bones.circulatory system Leese What happens 2. Moen ule & | Read and answer: acute a) In what ways is the blood a transport system? b) What makes the blood move around the body? c) Does it always move around at the same speed? ar circulatory system is like a transport system. It carries nutrients from the food we eat and oxygen om the air we breathe around the body. It’s made up of the heart, the blood and the blood vessels. The heart isa muscle the size of your fist. It is in the middle of the chest. It works day and night to pump blood to every part The blood is a red liquid that goes around the body, On the way it picks up nutrients and oxygen and drops off carbon dioxide and waste products. It travels in thin tubes called blood vessels. hen we run, our heart beats faster to take more oxygen and nutrients to our muscles. When we are sting our heart beats slower and when we sleep slower still! Why do you think our heart beats faster en we are scared? Our bodies and health B®-ounting heart beats. 1 some places on your body you can feel a small thump every time jour heart beats. This is called a pulse. Work with a partner. Look at he picture and find your partner's pulse. Count the beats for one minute. Write the number down. Ask your partner to walk on the spot for one minute and then count the beats again. Ask your partner to jump for one minute and count the beats. What do you notice? D (0) Listen and only repeat the words related to circulation, 3) Write true or false. Correct the false sentences in your notebook. a) The heart is a joint. b) The blood carries nutrients and oxygen around our bodies. ) Blood travels in thin tubes called heart vessels. d) The heart is protected by the skull. e) When we run or jump our heart beats faster. 3 GHIAR) with a partner think of examples when your heart beats faster and when it beats slower, > BD Find other places on your body where you can feel your pulse. D (0) GUNZ) check your learning.Where does our blood fe get oxygen from? Read and find out: a) how muscles get the oxygen they need b) what happens to the carbon dioxide. ygen enters our blood through the respiratory system when we breathe in. Then, the carbon xide we don’t need leaves our body when we breathe out. The respiratory system is made up of the strils, the windpipe, the bronchi and the lungs. { The nose has two holes called nostrils where the air enters our body. The nose warms the air, The hairs in the nostrils clean it. | The windpipe is a tube that divides into two smaller tubes called bronchi. The air goes down the bronchi into the two lun; oN The lungs are two sacks that are protected by our ribs. They are made up of lots of little sacks The air goes into these little sacks. The oxygen passes from the air into the blood and the carbon dioxide passes from the blood into the air. Then, the carbon dioxide leaves | our body when we breathe out. Our bodies and health ®iy Read and answer: How many ways are men and women’s reproductive systems different? Dur reproductive system allows us to have babies. Men and women have different reproductive ystems, The sperm in the male reproductive system are kept in the testicles. The eggs in the female eproductive system are kept in the ovaries. Sometimes a sperm from the man fertilises an egg from he woman. The fertilised egg goes to the uterus, changes into an embryo and grows bigger and sigger. Nine months later a baby is born. B) {nb Listen and say respiration or reproduction. ovaries lungs sperm —bronchi_— testicles. + nose += eggs_—suterus. &) Read the riddles and guess the word. a) | enter your body through your nose. b) We come in pairs. Carbon dioxide passes into the air in us. ©) There are two of us. We are tubes. Air goes through us to the lungs. ) lama long tube. Air goes down me to the bronchi and up me to the nose. GHIA) How is the circulatory system related to the respiratory system? What happens to you before you come back to the toe again? Complete the sentences with the right words eproductive 8) 4,2) @GNZ) check your tearning.UC ag The healthy locomotor game! Materials snake template coloured pencils, adice scissors a counter for each player 1. Inyour notebook write two sentences 2. Cut out the snake pattern and pictures about ways to look after your locomotor of parts of the locomotor system system. 3. Write two sentences about habits that are negative for your locomotor system. Next to each sentence write Go back 2, 3 or 4 squares. Next to each sentence write Move on 1, 2or 3 squares. You eat yoghurt every day. Move on 3 squares. You sleep eight hours every day. You sleep 5 hours every day. Move on 1 square. Go back 2 squares. 4. Copy the sentences onto the snake 5. You are ready to play the healthy board and decorate. locomotor gameays t ay The size of our lungs eNlcon ie | inert | measure oun lungs? | || abasin filled with water « a2litre plastic bottle » atube «a permanent marker ¢ aruler 1. Fill the basin and the bottle with water. 2. Hold the bottle upside down in the water. How much water can you move from the Put the tube inside. bottle? Make a prediction 3. Blow into the tube. What happens tothe 4, Measure the space in the bottle with a water in the bottle? ruler. Write down your results. There i t the top of th shows 5. Write your conclusions: ere Is 2M at the top of the IM. This space shows _ how much fli you can holdin your lll in one breath, —a airy {D Copy and complete the diagram in your notebook. Use the word bank. PB) @UNZ) choose the correct answer. ) The nervous system ... ) Our respiratory system ... |.is made up of the brain and nerves 1.is made up of the nose and heart 2. works together with our senses 2. carries blood to our lungs 3. is in our brain. 3. brings oxygen into our lungs. ) Our circulatory system ... d) The reproductive system ... 1. only works when we are awake ‘Lis the same in men and women 2. is made up of the lungs and blood vessels 2. has ovaries that grow in eggs 3. carries oxygen and nutrients around our body. _3. allows us to have babies. Our bodies and heaithIn your notebook, fill in the missing words to describe how the respiratory and circulatory systems work together. / oxygen blood ~—air_~—swbody -—_ blood vessels bones testicles ‘blood vessels windpipe seis uscles nose lungs ovaries dae) ) ® Make your own picture dictionary for this unit. Include difficult words. MY PROGRESS @HTAR) copy the sentences and draw a smiley next to each one. ®@ Nol need study more. | know what the nervous system is made of and what it does. lunderstand how the respiratory and the circulatory systems work © Yes, can: together. Yes, | can do | understand how the reproductive system works. © this very well. I know how to take care of my body.Diet, digestion and excretion Find items of food that come from plants and from animals. Now find items of food that are good and bad for you. 14) Listen and point to the people.GETTING STARTED n your notebook, circle the healthy food green and the unhealthy food red. cake pears pizza _fizzydrinks lentils sweets. milk ~—fish_—_ carrots D Copy the things that are good for you. a) Eat breakfast every day. _) Play videogames every day. b) Do exercise e) Wash your hands before meals and after going to the toilet. ©) Eat too much f) Brush your teeth once a day. > Look at the photo. What’s this man’s job? {5} Now listen and answer the questions. a) What did Jamie Oliver want to do? b) What were the results? Order these meals from the first to the last. morning snack dinner breakfast afternoonsnack —_ lunch Dp Dol Imagine you are at the picnic in the picture. Draw and label your food.RE | Why do we eat hd drink? a List the food you usually have for breakfast. Read to find the nutrients it contains. ,od contains the nutrients we need to live and grow. Different food contains different nutrients tere are five types of nutrients: carbohydrates, fats, proteins, minerals and vitamins. ’otatoes, bread, cereals, pasta, pulses and ice contain carbohydrates. Oil, butter, chorizo, cheese and nuts contain ats. —) ruit and vegetables contain vitamins and ainerals. Oranges and mandarins contain ‘itamin C and carrots contain Vitamin A. ‘ilk contains a mineral called calcium. Meat, fish, eggs, nuts and milk products contain proteins. Pulses, such as lentils and pinto beans, also contain proteins. aa os Our bodies and health ®ferent nutrients are for different things Carbohydrates give us energy to run, ride a bike and study. Fats build a store of extra energy for when we need it. But ... be careful. Don’t eat too many or you will become unhealthy and overweight! Proteins help us grow. Proteins make your hair and nails grow. They also repair body tissues, for example, when we fall over and hurt ourselves. Vitamins and minerals help us to stay healthy, for example, Vitamin A is good for eyesight. Calcium is good for bones and teeth. More than half our body is water! We need to drink between 6 to 8 glasses every day. When we do exercise, we need to drink more. Why? BD (16) JA say the Nutrients chant. BD copy and complete the table. Add three more examples to each category. carrots fish rice strawberries oil yoghurt pasta bread butter eggs ED GHIAK) use these words to make three sentences. energy carbohydrates store proteins fats vitamins andminerals healthy grow Draw and label two types of food you like that contain protein, fat, carbohydrate and vitamins and minerals. Write sentences. DB 67) GUA) check your learning.BEES How many servings should you have every day of the following: a) brown bread / rice? —_d) fruit and vegetables? b) white bread? ) milk products? ©) meat / fish / ) fizzy drinks / nuts / pulses /eggs? _ chocolate / crisps? ur diet is what we eat. A diet can be healthy or unhealthy. Tobe healthy ... * We need to eat a variety of food «We need to eat more of some things and less of others, Nhat should I eat today? @ = the food on this level s unhealthy because it has lots of salt, sugar and/or fats. Don’t eat it every day. Eat it on special occasions @ =| Tre food on this level is essential but in small quantities. Eat alittle of it every day. Ifyou eat too much it can make you overweight. @ = The food on these levels are essential for good health. Eat some every day! Our bodies and health @ ™know all about .... healthy eating! Which of these things should you do? Which shouldn't you? + Eat food from all the levels every day. + Eat the right number of servings of each type of food Eat the food on the top level every day. Eat a piece of fruit or some vegetables at least five times aday. ri Drink water or fruit juice and not fizzy drinks. Gn} Listen and repeat. Point to the food pyramid. meat fish eggs pulses__ nuts milk products cereals fizzy drinks fruit, Write in your notebook the food in the order of how often you should eat it. crisps yoghurt salad_-«sbread_~— lentils cheese (@EHTFI) Which one is the odd one out? Explain why. a) carrots, bananas, oranges, yoghurt b) eggs, olive oil, pulses, fish ©) bread, cheese, cereals, potatoes Now make some odd one out puzzles for a friend. > BD Draw what you had for breakfast, lunch and dinner yesterday. How healthy were your meals? D 69) @WNZ) check your learning.lur digestive and excretory system RE a 1) Look at the diagram. What do you think happens to food in each part of the digestive system? Read to check. ee (1) What is the most important part of the excretory system? {oH ur digestive system helps us to get the nutrients we need from food. The mouth has teeth that break the food into small pieces and a tongue that mixes the food with saliva so it’s easy to swallow. (The oesophagus is a long tube. Food goes down here to the { stomach. The small intestine is avery long thin tube. There are lots of blood vessels around the tube. The thick liquid from the stomach goes through here and the nutrients pass into the \_blood The stomach is like a bag. The food stays here for about three hours. Gastric juices break down the food even more and turn it into a thick liquid The thick liquid leaves the stomach and goes into the small intestine. (The large intestine is a wide tube, It connects to the anus. What our body doesn’t need goes along here and out through the anus when we go to the toilet. Our bodies and heath @®Jur excretory system helps our bodies to get rid of excess water and waste products. The blood goes through the kidneys. The ureters are long eet tubes where the urine waste products rom Bedeer the blood and turns them into urine. The bladderis like — i a bag. It collects the The urethra is a short urine, When it is full it } tube. Urine goes down sends messages to our here and leaves our brain. Itis time to goto f body when we go to the toilet, d : \ the toilet. D God Listen and touch where they are on your body. fib Listen again and repeat, 4) In your notebook, order these sentences. The first sentence is d. a)Food mixes with gastric juices in the stomach d) Our teeth break the food into small pieces. b) The chewed food goes down the oesophagus e) Waste products go out through the anus. ©) Nutrients pass into the blood in the small intestine. _) Undigested food goes to the large intestine. ©) GRR! We look like big beans. We clean the blood. What are we? D PD correc the crazy sentences. a) Urine goes from the bladder to the kidneys. ¢) The thick liquid goes from the stomach to the mouth. b) The kidneys look like a bag. d) The gastric juices are in the large intestine. D G2) QUID check your tearning.y pan.) READ & THINK do to be hedl , “Ee eee? PA wich things do you do? Which things could you do better? 's important to be healthy! When we are healthy we have plenty of energy and enjoy doing different -tivities, When we are unhealthy we feel tired and we become ill 5. ae of Rest Exercise y + Sleep 10 to 11 hours every night + Dosome exercise every day. + Gotobed early. + Sit and stand properly. + Relaxand ead before yougotosieep. __) (+ Stretch and warm up your muscles. Diet Hygiene + Eata variety of food and drink plenty of water. + Have a shower every day. + Eat lots of fruit and vegetables + Brush your teeth after meals. + Eat food with lots of fats or sugar only on + Wash your hands before you eat, after you \__ special occasions. use the toilet or touch an animal. Our bodies and health ® LPrevent diseases Use free time wisely Don’t watch TV or play videogames for hours. Do different activities. Spend time with your family and friends, Read and learn new things. * Cover your mouth when you cough or sneeze. + Clean cuts and grazes. + Use flip-flops at swimming pools. + Visit the doctor and dentist regularly. B) {2a} Listen and mime the actions. (2a) Listen again and repeat. B In your notebook, draw a smiley or a sad face next to each habit. Add two more habits, one healthy and one unhealthy. a) Eat fruit and vegetables. e) Do exercise in the fresh air. b) Take a shower every day. f) Goto bed late. ©) Use a school bag with wheels. g) Sit up straight. d) Watch TV a lot. h) Eat a lot of fats. BD Dima Write a letter explaining all the things he/she can do to become healthier. Add pictures from magazines or the Internet. e you have a friend that does not take care of his/her body very well. B Ga Jd sing the what can Ido to be healthy song. ® (25) GUNZ) check your learning.OTL eo The How healthy are you? quiz Materials © quiz template Qesey * your notebook © quizmaster 1. Each person writes two questions about one of these: hygiene, exercise, rest, diet, preventing diseases or using your free time wisely 1. How often do you have a shower? ‘A, Once a week. B, Every day. C. Every other day. Score: 1 AO B.3 C1 4. Do the quiz. 2. Write three possible answers: one healthy, one average and one unhealthy. 3. Transfer your questions and the score to the how healthy are you quiz. 5. Add up the points and read the result!ts STi Lust How does the stomach really work? That heppere >) g fuerte Materials Fa jestive system? biscuits and bananas water and orange juice a sandwich bag a stocking a plastic cup with a hole 1. Put the biscuits and banana into the bag. 2. Squeeze the air out of the bag and close Add water and orange juice. it. Squish the food so it makes a paste. 3, Cutone corner of the bagand pass the —- 4. Pass the paste all the way down the paste into the stocking stocking into the cup. 5, Write your results. = What is the food going to look like at the beginning/at the end of the experiment? - What stages of the digestive system do the different stages of the experiment represent? - What does the liquid in stage 3 represent? What does the paste in stage 4 represent?) Copy and complete the diagram in your notebook. Use the word bank. ©) choose the correct answer. 2otatoes, cereal and rice contain ... |. protein 2. fats 8. carbohydrates. Ne are unhealthy when ... - we eat five meals a day t, we don’t do any exercise t. we wash our hands frequently. diet oesoph ©) Where is urine stored? 1. Inthe bladder 2. In the urethra 3. In the kidneys. d) Nutrients pass into the blood in... 1, the large intestine 2. the small intestine 3, the oesophagus. Our bodies and health B®1 ed et ny teemumber ott giciore: ) In your notebook change two items to make this a healthy snack. Label the food with its name and nutrients, ) Change the wrong word in each sentence. a) Brush your teeth before meals. b) Eat lots of vegetables because they contain lots of fats. ©) Wash your hands before you go to the toilet. d) Use boots at the swimming pool. e) Go to bed late. ) D Make your own picture dictionary for this unit. Include difficult words. MY PROGRESS ID copy tte serssnceesndtrawasmticy merce encrons, ® No, need to study more. | know about the nutrients in different foods. I know how to eat in a healthy way. ©@ Yes, I can. I know about healthy habits. @ vec lento | understand what happens to food and drink inside my body. this very well.heart mouth stomach large intestine Circulatory system Digestive system Our bodies and health © blood vessels oesophagus small intestine 77kidneys ureters bladder urethra elbow shoulder hip knee ankle Jointsicture dictionary brain spinal cord Nervous system nostril windpipe bronchi Respiratory system Our bodies and health ®fats milk products minerals and vitamins Cy proteins stretch tendons