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    12 views18 pages

    Wettability Literature Survey - Part 6 PDF

    Uploaded by

    KAKA

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
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    Wettability Literature Survey— Effects of Wettability on Waterflooding W.G. Anderson,* SPE, Conoco Inc. ‘Summary. The weitabilty of a core will strongly affect its waterflood behavior and relative permeability because wettability isa major factor controling the location, flow, and distribution of fluids in a porous medium, When a strongly water-wet system is wateflooded, recovery at water breakthrough is high, with litle addtional oil production after breakthrough. Conversely, water breakthrough occurs mach earlier in strongly ol-wet systems, with most ofthe oil recovered during a long period of simultaneous cl and water production. Waterfloods are les efficient in oi-wet systems compared with water-wet ones Because more water must 'be injected to recover a given amount of oil ‘This paper examines the eects of wettability on waterlooding, incloding the effects on the breakthrough and residual cil saturations (ROS's) and the changes in waterflood behavior caused by core cleaning. Also covered are waterfloods in heterogeneously wetted systems. Waterfloods in fractionally wetted sandpacks, where the ize of the individual water-wet and oil- Wet surfaces ate on the order of a single pore, behave like waterfloods in uniformly wetted systems. In a mixed-wetubility system, the continuous oi-wet paths in the larger pores alter the relative permeability curves and allow the system to be waterflooded 0 a very low ROS after the injection of many PV's of water. Introduction ‘This paper isthe sixth in a series of iterature surveys covering the effects of wettability on core analysis." Wettabilty has been Shown to affect waterflood behavior, relative permeability, capl- lary pressure, ireducible water saturation (1WS), ROS, dispersion, simulated tertiary recovery, and electrical properties. Eariet but less complete reviews covering the effects of wettability on watefiooding and relative permeability ean be found in Refs. 6 through 17, ‘Waterflooding isa frequently used secondary recovery method in which water i injected into the reservoir, displacing the olin front oft. Assuming thatthe reservoir i italy at IWS, ony cil is produced until breakthrough, the time when water first appears atthe production well, ARer breakthrough, increasing amounts of water and decreasing amount of oil ate proced. The proces con tives until the WOR is 0 high tha the well ecomes uneconor- cal to produce. ‘Waterfloods in water-wet and ol-wet systems have long been known to behave very differenly. For uniformly wetted sys- tems, itis generally recognized that a waterflood in a water-wet reservoir is. more efficient than one in an oil-wet_reser- voir 1215.8.182525 An example of the effect of wetability on Waterflood performance calculations is shown in Fig. 1. Steady state oil water relative permeabilities were measured in an outcrop ‘Torpedo sandstone using a mild NaCl brine and a 1.7-

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