ReportIl

INTERNATIONAL
SECURITY:
THE MILITARY
ASPECT

(First published January 6, 1958)

 Introduction by Panel Il

This report is the result of a group effort by Panel Il of the

Special Studies Project of the Rockefeller Brothers Fund, Inc.
Although not every member subscribes to every detail, it reflects
our substantial agreement.
We were charged with exploring the military aspect of inter-
national security, the strategies most likely to achieve this end,
and the challenges in this area which may face the country during
the next ten years. We have been meeting since November 1956.
We have had the benefit of many speciallyprepared papers, and
we have heard testimony of numerous experts.
It is our judgment that all is not well with present United States
securitypolicies and operations. The over-all United States strategic
concept lags behind developments in technology and in the world
political situation. In major respects, defense organization is un-
related to critically important military missions. Systems of budg-
ets,appropriations,and financial management are out of gear with
the radically accelerating flow of military developments.
The
United States system of alliances must be adapted to constantly
changing strategic requirements. The United
losingits lead in the race of military States is rapidly
technology.
We are convinced that corrective
steps must be taken now.
We believethat the security
normalbudgetaryconsiderationsof the United States transcends
can afford the and that the national economy
necessary measures.
Our panel therefore
recentSovietadvances hopes that the most important result of
they will serve to in the field of earth satellites may be that
spark
policiesaffecting the a deep review of the basic attitudes and
security of our country and of the free
 SECURITY
INTERNATIONAL
94
in missiles and space machines, how-
lag
For the United States
symptom and not a cause. It reflects our
ever worrisome,is a over the past dozcn years. It is vitally im-
national complacencyStates to calculate its security requirements
portant to the Unitedlong-range basis, and to set about correcting
on an integrated and
all deficiencies.

vice-president, Council on Foreign Re-

FRANK ALTSCHUL,
lations.
GENERAL FREDERICK L. ANDERSON, former Deputy U. S.
SpecialRepresentative in Europe.
KARL R. BENDETSEN, vice-president, operations, The Cham-
pion Paper and Fibre Company; former Under Secretaryof
the Army.
DETLEV W. BRONK, president, Rockefeller Institute; president,
National Academy of Sciences.
GORDON E. DEAN, senior vice-president—nuclear
energy,
General Dynamics Corporation, and former chairman, Atomic
Energy Commission,was a member of this panel and of the
OverallPanel until his death on August 16, 1958.
JAMES B. FISK, executive vice-president, Bell TelephoneLabo•
ratories, Inc.; former director of research, Atomic Energy
Commission.
BRADLEY CAYLORD, chairman, The Pennroad Corporation,
ROSWELL L. CILPATRIC, partner, Cravath, swaine&Moore;
former Under Secretary of the Air Force.
TOWNSENDW. HOOPES, J. H. Whitney and Company.
ELLIS A. JOHNSON, director, Operations Research
Johns Hopkins University.
COLONEL GEORGE A. LINCOLN, professor,socialsciences,
U. S. Military Academy.
*HENRYR. LUCE, editor-in-chief,Time, Life,
*GENERALJAMES McCORMACK, vice-president,
setts Institute of Technology, served as chairmanof thepan
withdrawfronl
until October 1957 when illness forced him to
that position.
 mTRODUCTION BY PANEL 11 95

C. NASH, U. S. Delegation to General Assembly of

FRANK consultant on overseas base study,
the UN, and presidential death on December
wasa memberof the panel until his
11, 1957.
Rockefeller Broth-
LAURANCES. ROCKEFELLER, president,
ers, Inc.
ARTHURSMITHIES, Department of Economics, Uni-
versity; former economic adviser, Offce of Defense Mo-
bilization.
*EDWARD TELLER, professor of physics, University of Cali-
fornia, Berkeley; associate director, University of California
Radiation Laboratories.
T. F. WALKOWICZ, aeronautical engineer.
CARROLLL. WILSON, Metals & Controls corpo-
ration; former general manager, Atomic Energy Commission.
JOHN F. FLOBERC, served as a member of this panel until
his appointment as a member of the Atomic Energy Com-
missionin June 1957after which date he did not participate
in the deliberationsof the group or the drafting of the
conclusions.

This report was prepared under the direction of Dr. Henry A.

Kissinger,associate director of The Center for International Af-
fairs, who was director of the project until June 30, 1958.
* Also Overall Panel members.