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ENGI6705 ClassNoteshandout2
ENGI6705 ClassNoteshandout2
For the arch in Fig. 2.8a, the span and springing lines of the
arch are the same because points A and B are at the same level
with respect to the y axis. The highest point C of the arch is the
crown, and an arch may be a symmetrical arch or an
unsymmetrical arch. If, for example, one end of the arch is
lower than the other, then the arch is unsymmetrical. Various
types of arches are shown in Figs. 2.9 and 2.10.
Fig. 2.9 Circular arches: (a) Fixed at one end and hinged at the
other. (b) Fixed at both ends. (c) Three-hinge arch. (d) Two-
hinge arch with supports at different elevation. (e) Two-hinge
arch.
1
U
0 (2.120)
X A
U
0 (2.121)
M A
L 1 x w Lx 2
0 M A 1
2 EI c
X A y 0 (1 x ) ( y )dx 0
L 6
(2.122)
L 1 x w Lx 2 x
0 2 EI c M A 1 X A y 0 (1 x ) (1 ) dx 0
L 6 L
(2.123)
By considering the geometry of the arch in Fig. 2.8a, we
find
4 Hx
y
L2
( L x) (2.124)
16 HX A 10 M A w0 L2 0 (2.125)
120 HX A 120 M A 7 w0 L2 0 (2.126)
5w0 L2
XA (2.127)
72 H
w0 L2
MA (2.128)
90
With known XA and MA, the values of Ms, Ns, and Vs may
be determined from Eqs. (2.111), (2.114), and (2.115),
respectively. They are as follows:
w0 L2 x 5w L2 y w0 Lx
Ms
90
1 0
L 72 H
6
(1 x 2 ) (2.129)
5w L2 w L w x 2 w L2
N s 0 cos 0 0 0 sin (2.130)
72 H 6 2L 90 L
5w0 L2 w L w x 2 w L2
Vs sin 0 0 0 cos (2.131)
72 H 6 2L 90 L
Fig. 2.11 (a) Semicircular arch hinged at the end supports. (b)
Semicircular arch loaded with redundant force X A and applied
distributed load w. (c) Free-body diagram of a segment of the
arch.
wr 2
M s wr 2 (1 cos ) X A r sin
2
(1 cos ) 2 (2.132)
/2 M s2
U 2 d
0 2 EI
2
1 /2 2 wr 2
EI
0 wr (1 cos ) X A r sin 2 (1 cos ) d
U
0 (2.137)
X A
Equation (2.137) yields
2 /2 2 wr 2
EI
0
wr (1 cos ) X A r sin
2
(1 cos ) 2 ( r sin )d 0
(2.138)
1
XA=0.4099wr (2.138a)
wr 2
M s wr 2 (1 cos )
2
(1 cos ) 2 0.4099 wr 2 sin (2.139)
N s 0.4099wr sin wr cos 2 (2.140)
Vs wr cos sin 0.4099wr cos (2.141)