Gottlob FREGE
NOHMA KAI ANA®OPA?
‘H iodmyto? yewva éparhara ord nota dav lve etKoho va dmaveoou-
ne. Elvat jud oxéon f lodmmta; Mid oxton perakd dverxeytevoy i pera
Svopdtov i} onpeioy yia ta avrKelpeva; Eriyy ‘Deoypagéa pov? bn60eou td
tedevtato. Ol R6yor od patverar va ovynyopody y1d TODTO elvan ot EFI:
aa xai } a=B clvar npopuviss xpotioas Siapopertkfig yvoorixt|s
alas a= a loxbet a priori kal, cotpova pe tov Kant, Od xpéner vee yo-
PUKTHPLOTEE de AvaRvTIKA, BB mpordceIs tiI¢ HopefIs d= B meprexovy ov-
yva noAd dELdAOYEC tnEKTUCEIG tHIg YvdonS Hus Kat SEV juropobY ndvea vee
OcjeMo0ody a priori, "H Gvaxddoyn bt Kd0E npol Sev avarérdet Evas
KaWvobpLog flog, GARG elvar mavra 6 Tos, Elvan doparés jc ded tig md
yovues dotpovopixis dvaKaroyers. "AKdLE Kal oftepE T dvayvedpion Evds
HKpob mavijtn f) évd¢ KotH SEV Elva mivra Kitt 7 TOGO BbKORO. "AV,
rapa, PrEKapE Thy loomta ouV Jud oY6oy petal) adtOV Kod brodyddvovv
14 dvopata ‘a’ Kai ‘B’, tote Od Fray Cav va Ju} OPOHGE * a= B ve Siapéper
dnd tiv a= a (bray, BéBata, a= lvar GAnO}g). OG seppatape, Ero,
Hla ox6on Evdg xpaypatog jE TOV EaLT Tov, Kai Lor fla oZEoH Rod
ityer nG0e mpdypa pe tov Eavtd tov AAG js Kaveve UAC mpdypa. Abts nod
et kavels vee met pé THY a= B puiverar va elvat Set td oypEta H dvopata
‘a’ Kai ‘B’ OrodnAdvovy tO Tdi xpaypa, Gore 6 Adyos vie elvan yid th THe
td oypeta: Peadverat jula oxéon perabd tovg. "ARAG adth A oxen Od
Toye petatd tov dvopérov i] onpElov Ovo Evdco aire dvonubav t} Oro-
Sirovay Kétt, Ot Enatbe 7 poro tod jteodLovra 6 cbvbscpog KaDeVvos dnd
td 00 anpleta ie tO 610 OROdAOdpEVO npdyya. 'AAAG adtd elverr adOarpe-
ala, Atv jxopobpe va dnayopedcoupe ot Kavévay va xpnoytoroujset Eva
adduipero cypBdy ij @veKetpievo ody oNLETO yu KaTITL, Aidt EOL 4d mpd~
tasn a= B stv 06 dvapspdtav ma o7d 15L0 TO divtLKelpLevo GARG [OVO GtdV
tpdro tig Ghtavaris tov’ pé adriyy dav Od Exppalape npayparte} yvdon.
“AMAA ROARS Popac UdTd UKpIBas OFAovpe va Kavoupte. "AV t onEIo “a”
Staxpiverat dnd td oypleto ‘B’ pvo Gav avtKelpevo (286, dnd td oyfa
tov) Kai byt GaV oMpLsto (SNLad| Sx dd tov tpSno rod ORodMAOvEL Katt-
al) f yoorent dla tig a= a yiverar odotaotiKd Ton pé abtiv tf a= B
Apdov a= f elvar GAnOiis. Kamora Siapops: jcopst ve rpoKOWer pOvov
Srav H Siapopé perakd tOV oypeiGv avtiotoryet Gi Kéroww Siupopt otdv
tpdro tig GHLavors abtob nod brodyrover. "Eotw a, B, ¥ of edVeres nod
évavovv tig Kopuges évdg tpIyOvoU pd ta fica THY Unévaver AEDPaY TOD.
Td oyucto roptiig tHV a Kal f Elvat THTE TO {to HE tO oHpLEIO TOTS THY
19kal 7. "Qyte Exoupte Suapopertn
cd Svopara (Conpeto topiig tOv a Kat BP’ Kai ‘on
Betzvovv pati Kai tov tpoxo jub TOV Soto Siverat tO oHjweTO: Kal YE adr H
mpdtuan Sytws nepréxer Woon.
Elvat pvoixd, tHpa, va. oxeqTOD) vu onpeto (Svopa, avvdvacpds
REECOV, GAS pap) Elva ovvdepévo, EKG died adTS ord Gxoto Evapé-
petut Td GHjicto —rod pmopet va dvopustet Hy Evupops too oNpelov —
Kai udtd nod 0d HcAU. ve dvopiow tS Vane tod onpEtoD, Kot) repLLappiver
tov tpdno tig napovatacns. Exd mupddarypd tag, Lordy. i} dvapopi tov
Exgpdoewy ‘td onpieto toni} TOV & Kaif Kui “Td oNpETO tops TOV fb Ka
7 Bis elvan Hida — GARE by Kal 1 VONME TOVs, "H dvapopd. tod “EonEpos’
0a etvat f ita pi adriyy cod ‘Adyepwdc’, drAG dyt 7d vod Tovs.
"And abtit nod cixape Hs thpa Elvan cupis Sit jk ‘onpieto’ Kai “Svopa”
bot 886 dnoradi\xore Hrodihay xo’ dverpoce
f dnote Byer Erot ody dvagopd KémoLo GvYKE
edpitepy, onpiacta cifg Akins) GAA Gyr judv Eword i} pad oysoys ade Oc
sEeruo0oby ot tva GAL GpOpor, é
[opet aKdpy va dreorehatean dad En
ovvtopia Us dvopicovjte Ki0e tétOLd Oxoopavan Kopto dvoHE.
TO vonjia évd¢ Koprov Svopiatos yivera KatUANATO died KADEVEY mod ELVUL
Apxerd Lorkeroptivos pt Th yadaor. i to cbvoho tH Exoptiotwy otic dnotes
viper td Kipto dvopia® cobto Spas priiver ytd va porier i Povo Wcwpe
tif dvagopiis, lv inolécouts Sti Ker KUmOIM. dvapopd. Mid mpg yaar
tis dvapopiig Od dmartodas dad pig ve juropodjie ve KOE dpious Yue Ke
roto SeSojtévo von div tig dviywer dg a grévoupe noré.
Kavovrrd, ¥ obvieoy petati évdg anpeiov, 100 vorpatés tov Kai tig
Avapoptig tov elvar této1e wore otd onpicto vi dvtiotorzet iva Spropivo
VOLE Kai Gé TOOT MAAL jue Spropévny dvapopir EvH, of je SEBopEvy dva-
gopit (Eva. dvrixeipevo) div dvipKer povdga Eva onpeto. TO To yong
opdterm Siapoperind ot Stupoperixis yAOoous i) dKOpu Kul orhy
yhaoou. 'Aoparts bndpyovv skaptosis of udriy vy KavOvEK!) GupTEpL-
popé, Zé KANE KKPpacy nod dvijKEL i Eva SLoKANPOREVO GLVOAO GHpELOV
npénet, PéPara, va dvristoryet va Spiopieve vonna" dhe cvzva of @rouKds
yhasoes 8kv ExRdnpdvovv adtov tov Spo Kui mpénet vit elpuote ebyaptoTy-
hévor div A iia AEN Exet 10 Tto Vonjta oriy Téa mepictuen. Mnopet tows
va SezroOpe Gti kde ypuRHaTIKe KakogruyEvy EKPpUCY MoI AvtIRpoGD-
nevet Eva Képio Svopa bys mdvta Kéro1o VOnyG. "ARAL adtd div ndEL vo
net 6tt ot Vonpia dvtiororyet Kal jd Avuopd. Oi RéLeIG "tO obpiLvi Gaya
Xob dnézer nepioodtepo dnd Ti yi} Exoov Vonjta dAAG elvur ROAD dpupifiobo
div Ezovv Kal dvapopé. "H Exppacy "ih Ppaddtepa ovyKAvouaK dKorovdlu’
yet vonpa dA.A4. opel va daxoderyrat Gui Sav ier dvapopi, dupod yu KAOE
Sedonévy ovyEAvovou AKoRovOla jtropet ver Ppelet ud GAA dxoLovOLa,
mosMrosEIG yi TO Tio onpieto, Kai adre
slo topi}s tv B Kai 7")
20mob vie ovykAiver Ppaditepa, ME 1 ve ovAAGPovptc, Loredy, to vonjia div
Foe Sxwadijnore Kui Gvayopd.
“Otay ZpHyotpronorodpe tic ALEeIg Jub TO CVVNPLOLEVO tpdAO, Gdtd yd Td
Snoio OEAoDHE va. juRjaovpte civar dyapopa tovs, Kawi gopa, 6Hs,
jucopet vi. ovpifiet vo Ocdjooupe va wrioove yd ths Treg tis
1 vond ToVvs. AdTO yiveTa, AZ, Stay RupuOErouHtE Tig KEEEIG KAMOLOD GA
Rov. Tore, of Biwi pas Aékers OnodHAdvovy mpOra tig AEEeIg tod GAAOD Spt-
Mari, Kal pvov adtig of Sebtepes EZov TH ovvyDiopEvy tos dvapopé.
“Byovpe tote oypeta oypetov. "Orav ypkpovpe, PiLovjie, o° abt Thy xepi-
nraon, Tis REELS péoa oe clouyoytKd. "Enopévos mi 26 péou o8 ciouyo-
yixd S8v mpénet vo Oompndet Sti Exet tH avvyOropiéyn THs Evapopd.
Tid va jwAhooupe 71d td vena pais Exopacns “A? jtropodps dds vee
LPUSIpororjoovpe ti gpd “7 venue tig Exppucng Ay’. Erdv whdyto
AOYO [WAApe 71d TO VoIHA, Riza EdTAV Kod EI di
ta oagis Sti, Stav jAApe Ero, of AéERIg Sev EZovv tH ovvyOiopEvy tos
dvupopd, GAG dnodAOvovy adzd nod eivar ovvflas 1 vonptd tovs. Ped
ovvropiiu, Od Ate: atdV MRUTLO AdYO of AKERIG ZPHOYLoROLObVEUL Ady
i} Rzovv Ti whdyra tovg dvapopd. Ataxpivonpis, Lordy, Th corn Oeapenn
xd ny wAdyra vagopi iis RENG Kal tO cvmPiopéro dnd vd wAdyro
vonpia. “H mhayia dvapopé judic AéEng elvat, Loindv, 1 GuvnDLo}KEvo tS
vonja. Tpéner raven vi Exoupe ord vob jag térouns earpioeis, dv Oéhoupte
va KuTARAPovRE Coote TOV tpn Ti}g Cbvdeors GNELov, VorUtos Kal
avugopiic, of ovykexpytéves nepintdceig.
c wpiCovpe Thy avagopd. kai 7d vonpia Evdg onptctov dad tiv
napdtaay nod vn td tO onpeto. “AV H Avamopd. Evds onpEtov
alvat iva dytikeipevo dvudnrtd did tig aloOijoets, H napdotas Hou Ww ad-
16 elvat nd Eowrepuri) cixdva® nod mpoxinrer dnd tig AvajivhoeL nob
and ivtwrdatig Ov aiodhoxdy jlov Kai dnd Busts woo npdsIs, EoorsprKts
boo kai tEwrepuxéc, Mid téro1 xapdotucn elvar Guxve. Saxoniojiivy He
aiodnna: f cupiyere tov Eoxoprotev tHdtov THs morKl.QeL Kal tadav-
i ordy Té10 dvOporo,
He thy Ta xupdotuon, * 2 mapdotast
Hov div elvat 4 mupdotucn Evo . Dav d a opps pid. rorKiMa
Siapopav otic napuctacers nod ovvdéovrar pé 16 Tio vonpa. "Evac Coypit-
p06, évag KaPadRapHS Kai Evug Cooddyog Od GvvSécovv, mOavdrara, d1a-
gopertkig mapaotécag He Td Svopa “Bovkepdhus’, Adtd dmovedet jd od-
tacts) BuaKpion perakd tH}g mupdotacng Kai Tod Vorytutoc Too onIEiou™
16 ONL Hropet va Eivat KOLVO KING TORAGY dvOpdmov Kal ExopEVig BV
elvat qua i) tpdxos tHIg amyttpovg yost|s. Aev pRopodjte va GpvnDoopE
br i GvOpondtyra Hyer Eva Kowd drd0epa oKEyoo Rod HETapIBAGEraL dred
ai ud yevid ony GAN.
Loppove pe te napandve Sky xperiGerar vo. Exovte EvSoraopods Stay -
Ape GrdOg ys vd VOnRE, EVO OLY mepintosy jas napdotacns xpémer,
ai