AVANCES EN TECNICAS DE

FRAGMENTACIÓN DE ROCAS

Ing. Rómulo Mucho

Lima, 30 y 31 de mayo de 2017

 Capítulo I:

IDEAS DE FRAGMENTACIÓN DE
ROCAS
Peter Cundall
Maurilio Torres
Marc Ruest
Ewan Sellers
Sandy Etchells
Italo Onederra
 HSBM/BLO-UP MODEL
SIMPLE MODEL
 NON-IDEAL DETONATION

• Heterogeneous Mixtures
• VoD Dependent on Confinment
• VoD Dependent on Diameter
• Incomplete Reaction
• Curved Shock Front
• Large DDZ

Vixen 2009 Calculates Ideal Detonation State: Ideal VoD + Q

Non-Ideal Corrections are Made: Q1D and DSD
Output is VoD and Reaction Extent
TWO-PART SIMPLE MODEL
200 µs tensile hoop
stresses at 3-5 borehole
radii

400 µs tensile stresses occur

at the borehole wall
TWO-PART SIMPLE MODEL
ENERGY PARTITION
EXPLOSIVE ISENTROPE
PARAMETER STUDY
 ENERGY BALANCE OF PRODUCTION BLASTS AT
NORDKALK’S KLINTHAGEN QUARRY

F Ouchterlony I Bergqvist
U Nyberg L Granlund
M Olsson Dyno Nobel
Swebrec Henrik Grind
at LTU Nordkalk Storugns AB
BLAST ENERGY BALANCE - 3 SveBeFo
Swebrec
Components of blast energy balance:
• Losses in hole 60 - 30 %
• Losses in rock 20 - 40 %
• Kinetic energy 10 - 20 %
• Seismic energy 5 - 10 %
• Fragm. energy 0.1 - 2 %
SIMPLE MODEL CONCLUSIONS

• Specifics of explosive behavior are important

• Equilibrium pressure controls movement

• Blastability

• Time-scales and energy

1 µs Detonation
500 µs Equilibrium
10 ms Gas
venting 1 s
Muckpile
OVERVIEW

Near-field
detonation
crushing
Brittle lattice
stress wave
fragmentation
movement and muckpile
Gas product
throw
gas venting
Overview
INPUT
Rock Properties
elastic
shear and tensile strength
Jointing and Layering
DFN import
geological seams
Calibration Parameters
equilibrium pressure
tensile strength scale
INPUT

Blast geometry
blasthole layout
Bench or drift shape
Explosive
type
non-ideal data
Stress conditions
orientation
magnitude
OUTPUT
UNDERGROUND BLASTING – SLC CONFINED BLASTING
SMALL SCALE VALIDATION
Italo Onederra, University of Queensland

University of Leoben (Reichholf 2003)

SMALL SCALE VALIDATION

LKAB, Swebrec, Finn Ouchterlony, Danial Johansson

NIOSH COLLABORATION Italo Onederra, University of Queensland

Steve Iverson and Bill Hustrulid

FIELD SCALE MODELING
MODELO FÍSICO DE UNA REACCIÓN DE DETONACIÓN DE UN
EXPLOSIVO EN UN MACIZO ROCOSO