Patterns of Bvidence: Sources for Chapter 11 $113 came from Britain and was the most and piety, for he had been brought learned man anywhere to be found. up in this faith since earliest child. Under him the Emperor spent much hood..... He donated so many sacred time and effort in studying rhetoric, vessels made of gold and silver, and so dialectic and especially astrology. He - many priestly vestments, that when applied himself to mathematics and service time came even those who traced the course of the stars with opened and closed the doors, surely great attention and care, He also tried the humblest ofall church dignitar to learn to write. With this object in ies, had no need to perform their view he used to keep writingtablets duties in their everyday clothes. He and notebooks under the pillows on made careful reforms in the way in his bed, so that he could try his hand which the psalms were chanted and at forming letters during his leisure the lessonsread. He washimself quite moments; but, although he tried very an expert at both of these exercises, hard, he had begun too late in life and but he never read the lesson in public he made little progress. and he would sing only with the rest ofthe congregation and then in a low §26 Charlemagne practised the voice. Christian religion with great devotion > Working 1, How does this passage reflect the attempt to recreate the ancient past with Sources SOURCE 11.2 during the Carolingian Renaissance? Feudal contracts and the swearing of fealty 1127 and 1219 nthe catastrophe brought on by the assaults on all their borders, some European Christians were forced to devise new means of self-protection, Into this vacuum of governmental authority came new “feudal” relationships between lords and vassals. Over time, these contractual relationships be- ‘came increasingly regularized. The terms of these relationships can be re- constructed through documents describing the ceremonial and formulaic aspects of feudal obligations. 2. Did Charlemagne separate his private life from his public image? Why?Enfeoffed: Invested | swith an estate, or fie! | > Working | with Sources 511-4 Patterns of Bvidence: Sources for Chapter 11 How the Count of Flanders received the homage of his vassals (1127): ‘Through the whole remaining part of the day those who had been previously enfeoffed by the most pious Count Charles did homage to the [new] count, taking up now again their fiefs and offices and whatever they had before rightfully and legitimately ob: tained. On Thursday, the seventh of April, homages were again made to the count, being completed in the following order of faith and security. First they did their homage thus. ‘The count asked the vassal ifhe were willing to become completely his man, and the other replied, “I am willing’ and with hands clasped, placed be- tween the hands of the count, they were bound together by a kiss. Sec- ondly, he who had done homage gave his fealty to the representative of the count in these words, “I promise on ‘my faith that I will in future be faith- ful to Count William, and will ob- serve my homage to him completely against all persons, in good faith and without deceit.” And, thirdly, he took his oath to this upon the relics of the saints. Afterward the count, with a little rod which he held in his hand, gave investitures to all who by this agreement had given their security and accompanying oath, ons of Mont Saint-Jean becomes the man af the Countess of Champagne (1219): 1, Pons of Mont-Saint-Jean, make Known toall, both present and future, that since Ihave long been the man of my beloved Lady Blanche, countess of Champagne, for twenty pounds assigned to the fair at Bar, and since later both the countess and my dear lord have added other twenty pounds assigned to the same fair and gave ‘me three hundred pounds in cash, T swore by the saints that I would in good faith aid them and their heirs with my people and fortifications. If necessary | will fight especially against Erard of Brienne and Philippa his wife, and against Adelaide, queen of Cyprus, and her heirs, and against all who would aid them; except that should the said countess or count or their people be against Milo of Noyers, my sister's husband, in his castle of Noyers or elsewhere in his lands, neither I nor my people shall be held to go thither. If, however, the said Milo or his people set upon the countess or the count or their people, we shall be held to defend them and their lands with all our might It is also to be known that my heir who shall hold Charniacum shall also have the fief above mentioned of forty pounds. ‘That all this shall be held valid, I corroborate what has here been written with the impression of my seal, Done in the year of grace 1219, in the month of June 11. Why are religious terms invoked so often in these documents in order ‘to solidify the relationships between lords and vassals? 2. feudal contracts with women differ from those with men?