Ch. 8 SYMMETRICAL COMPONENTS | Note Title 31072015 J is in vation dram three-phase jor, o emnence network that contains symmetrical components. his convevsi, is impov ee- s 7 iL see in CheF . | Definiti & Yr Components e ser 4h sequence componeniss 1. Zero-sequence components, consisting of three phasors with equal mag- nitudes and with zero phase displacement, as shown in Figure 8.1(a) 2. Positive-sequence components, consisting of three phasors with equal magnitudes, +120° phase displacement, and positive sequence, as in Figure 8.1(b) 3. Negative-sequence components, consisting of three phasors with equal magnitudes, +120° phase displacement, and negative sequence, as in Figure 8.1(c) : FIGURE 8.1 4. Vig Vig = Yo Resolving phase voltages ino threests ot 7 7 7 _ sequence components. (a) Zero-sequence {b) Positive-sequence (c} Negative-sequence 7 componenis ‘components components : \, ¥ Va : ee wd ve Vu Vy Ves ve : \e Ves : Phase @ Phase 6 Pnase ¢ Ve Ne ae = . . A 11 1][% eo VeJ=|l a a 4 => Vye=Votan +avy Ve loa @}|h tah +a°VeWhere TABLE 8.1 o_-!l, v3 ‘Common identities a= 1120 > involving a = 121202 Poon ae eoiaur bit ance laa _ lea * In Y- connedted Systems ; EXAMPLE 8.1 = Ie +81 ‘Sequence components: balanced line-to-neutral voltages Calculate the sequence components of the following balanced line-to-neutral voltages with abe sequence: Von] [277/02 Vp = | Vn | =] 27/1202 | volts } Von 277£4120° SOLUTION Using (8.1.13 Vo = H277L02 + 277L=120° + 27/4120" Vy =H277L0% + 277/(—120° + 120°) + 277/(120" + 240°)] =277{0° volts = Vay V2 = H277L02 + 277 (120° + 240°) + 277/(120° + 120°) = 4127702 + 277/120" + 27/2407} = 0 This example illustrates the fact that balanced three-phase systems with abe sequence (or positive sequence) have no zero-sequence oF negative- sequence components. For this example, the positive-sequence voltage Vi equals Vag, and the zero-sequence and negative-sequence voltages are both zero. : (8.1.15):EXAMPLE 8.2 EXAMPLE 8.3 Sequence components: balanced ach currents A Y-connected load has balanced currents with ach sequence given by 14] [ 10goe tp= || =] 10zi20 | a tJ |1oc20° Calculate the sequence currents. SOLUTION Using (8.1.23) (8.1.25): Jo = ¥{10£02 + 10/120" + 10/1202] = 0 ty = $1020" + 10/(120° + 120°) + 10/(—120° + 240°)] ${10Z0" + 10/240% + 10/120") = 0 4{10/0° + 10/120" + 240°) + 10/(—120° + 120°)] = 10/0? A=1, h This example illustrates the fact that balanced three-phase systems with ach sequence (or negative sequence) have no zero-sequence or positive-sequence components. For this example the negative-sequel the zero-sequence and positive-sequence currents are both zero. Sequence components: unbalanced currents A three-phase line feeding a balanced-Y load ha ce current / equals J, and -_ | s one of its phases (phase b) open. The load neutral is grounded, and the unbalanced line currents are ie 10/0" 4=|b|=|0 A Te 10/120° je the sequence currents and the neutral current. — b= 108 SOLUTION The circuit is shown in Figure 8.2. Using (8.1.23)-(8.1.25) To = ¥{10/02 + 0 + 10/1202) = 3.333/602 A f = S100" +0 + 10/(120* + 240°)] = 6.66740 A Tz = ${10/0° + 0 + 10/(120" + 120°)| 3/602 A Using (8.1.26) the neutral current is Ty, = (10/02 + 0+ 104120") = 10/60% A = 3p This example illustrates the fact that unbalanced three-phase systems may have nonzero values for all sequence components. Also, the neutral current equals three times the zero-sequence current, as given by (8.1.27). 7