6.

1 Ferromagnetic Heisenberg Model 271

so the total spin x-component is

(6.21)

It should be remarked that, in contrast to the approximate nature of

(6.18) and (6.19), (6.21) is exact. It expresses the fact that the devia-
tion of the total spin from its saturation value corresponds to the total
number of the magnons.
Now we are ready to express the Heisenberg Hamiltonian in terms
of the magnon operators, by replacing (6.18), (6.19), and (6.20) in (6.3).
The structure of the Harniltonian turns out to be
1
3t = --IJ(LzS2 + N o
2
+ 311 (6.22)

where the first term is the ground state energy. Nfl~is bilinear in the
magnon operators, and gives the sum of the energies of the magnons
which are present in the system. 311 contains higher-order terms which
describe magnon-magnon interactions. We will be interested mainly in
XrJ-
Let us begin with the evaluation of the z-z term

where 6 is the vector pointing to a nearest-neighbour site. S2 corre-

sponds to the contribution of this bond to the ground state energy. The
bilinear terms are