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Tugas PPG
M1 KB2
KOMBINATORIK
1. Ekspansikan dengan teorema Binomial Newton:
(a) (1 + 𝑥 )−1
∞ ∞
(b) (1 + 𝑥 )−2
∞ ∞
𝑘=0 𝑘=0
= 1 − 2𝑥 + 3𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 3 + 5𝑥 4 − ⋯
(c) (1 + 𝑥 )−3
∞ ∞
𝑘=0 𝑘=0
= 1 − 3𝑥 + 6𝑥 2 − 10𝑥 3 + 15𝑥 4 − ⋯
3. 𝐴 = {4. 𝑎, 3. 𝑏, 2. 𝑐 }
𝐵 = {2. 𝑎, 3. 𝑏, 4. 𝑐 }
𝐴 ∪ 𝐵 = {4. 𝑎, 3. 𝑏, 4. 𝑐 }
𝐴 ∩ 𝐵 = {2. 𝑎, 3. 𝑏, 2. 𝑐 }
𝐴 − 𝐵 = {2. 𝑎}
𝑎𝑛 = 𝑐1 . (−1)𝑛 + 𝑐2. 1𝑛 + 𝑐3 . 2𝑛
𝑎0 = 9 = 𝑐1 + 𝑐2 + 𝑐3 persamaan 1
𝑎1 = 10 = −𝑐1 + 𝑐2 + 2𝑐3 persamaan 2
𝑎2 = 32 = 𝑐1 + 𝑐2 + 4𝑐3 persamaan 3
Persamaan 3 dan 1
𝑐1 + 𝑐2 + 4𝑐3 = 32
𝑐1 + 𝑐2 + 𝑐3 = 9
_________________-
3𝑐3 = 23
23
𝑐3 =
3
23
𝑐1 + 𝑐2 + =9
3
3𝑐1 + 3𝑐2 + 23 = 27
3𝑐1 + 3𝑐2 = 4 persamaan 4
23
−𝑐1 + 𝑐2 + 2. = 10
3
−3𝑐1 + 3𝑐2 + 46 = 30
−3𝑐1 + 3𝑐2 = −16 persamaan 5
Persamaan 4 dan 5
3𝑐1 + 3𝑐2 = 4
−3𝑐1 + 3𝑐2 = −16
__________________ +
6𝑐2 = −12
𝑐2 = −2
3𝑐1 + 3𝑐2 = 4
3𝑐1 + 3(−2) = 4
3𝑐1 − 6 = 4
3𝑐1 = 10
10
𝑐1 =
3
10 23 𝑛 10 23 𝑛
𝑎𝑛 = . (−1)𝑛 − 2. 1𝑛 + .2 = . (−1)𝑛 + .2 − 2
3 3 3 3
5. 𝑓𝑛 = 𝑓𝑛−1 + 𝑓𝑛−2
𝑓𝑛 = 𝑓𝑛−1 + 𝑓𝑛−2
𝑓𝑛 − 𝑓𝑛−1 − 𝑓𝑛−2 = 0
𝑟 2 − 𝑟1 − 𝑟 0 = 0
𝑟 2 − 𝑟1 − 1 = 0
𝑟 2 − 𝑟1 = 1
1 1
𝑟 2 − 𝑟1 + = 1 +
4 4
1 2 5
(𝑟 − ) =
2 4
1 5
𝑟− = ±√
2 4
1 1
𝑟 − = ± √5
2 2
1 1
𝑟 = ± √5
2 2
1 1 1 1
𝑟1 = + √5 𝑎𝑡𝑎𝑢 𝑟2 = − √5
2 2 2 2
Solusi relasi untuk dua akar kembar
𝑓𝑛 = 𝑐1 . 𝑟1 𝑛 + 𝑐2 . 𝑟2 𝑛
𝑛 𝑛
1 1 1 1
𝑓𝑛 = 𝑐1 . ( + √5) + 𝑐2. ( − √5)
2 2 2 2
0 0
1 1 1 1
𝑓0 = 0 = 𝑐1 . ( + √5) + 𝑐2 . ( − √5) = 𝑐1 + 𝑐2
2 2 2 2
1 1
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
𝑓1 = 1 = 𝑐1. ( + √5) + 𝑐2 . ( − √5) = ( + √5) 𝑐1 + ( − √5) 𝑐2
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
1 1 1 1
( + √5) 𝑐1 + ( − √5) 𝑐2 = 1
2 2 2 2
1 1 1 1
( + √5) 𝑐1 + ( + √5) 𝑐2 = 0
2 2 2 2
_______________________________ -
−√5𝑐2 = 1
1 √5
𝑐2 = =−
−√5 5
𝑐1 + 𝑐2 = 0
√5
𝑐1 − =0
5
√5
𝑐1 =
5
𝑛 𝑛
1 1 1 1
𝑓𝑛 = 𝑐1 . ( + √5) + 𝑐2. ( − √5)
2 2 2 2
𝑛 𝑛
√5 1 1 √5 1 1
𝑓𝑛 = . ( + √5) + (− ) . ( − √5)
5 2 2 5 2 2
𝑛 𝑛
√5 5 −√5 5
𝑓𝑛 = ( + ) + ( + )
10 10 10 10
𝑛
√5 5
Jadi relasi solusi rekursif dari 𝑓𝑛 = 𝑓𝑛−1 + 𝑓𝑛−2 adalah 𝑓𝑛 = ( 10 + 10) +
𝑛
−√5 5
( 10 + 10)
(b) (1 − 𝑥 )−2
1
(1 − 𝑥)−2 =
(1 − 𝑥)2
∞
1
= ∑(𝑘 + 1)𝑥 𝑘 = 1𝑥 0 + 2𝑥 1 + 3𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 3 + ⋯
(1 − 𝑥)2
𝑘=0
= 1 + 2𝑥 + 3𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 3 + ⋯