3 Lesson 3 Axisymmetric Problems 3-1 OVERVIEW ‘Axisymmetric Analysis - A problem in which the geometry, loadings, boundary conditions and materials are symmetric with respect to an axis is one that can be solved with an axisymmetric finite element model. The tutorial in this lesson discusses ‘¢Creating mode! geometry using an IGES or text file ‘Evaluating the response of a vessel to an intemal pressure 3-2 INTROUCTION For problems that are rotationally symmetric about an axis, a slicing plane that contains the symmetry axis exposes the interior configuration of the geometry. Since any slice created by such a plane looks like any other slice, the problem can be conveniently analyzed by considering any one planar section as shown in the figure below. Y (@ial) x (radial) Figure 3-1 Axisymmetric problem.32 ANSYS Tutorial 3-3 CYLINDRICAL PRESSURE VESSEL, A steel pressure vessel with planar ends is subjected to an internal pressure of 35 MPa (35 x 10°N per m?). The vessel has an outer diameter of 200 mm, an over-all length of 400 mm and a wall thickness of 25 mm. There is a 25 mm fillet radius where the interior wall surface joins the end cap as shown in the figure below. The vessel has a longitudinal axis of rotational symmetry and is also symmetrie with respect to a plane passed through it at mid-height. Thus the analyst need consider only the top or bottom half of the vessel. Figure 3-2 Cylindrical pressure vessel The global Y-axis is the ANSYS axis of symmetry for axisymmetric problems, and X is aligned with the radial direction. The radial stresses are labeled SX, and the axial stresses are labeled SY. When the vessel is pressurized, it will expand creating stresses in the circumferential or hoop direction. These are labeled SZ. A ninety-degree slice of the top half of the vessel is created in the X-Y plane in a solid modeler for import as an IGES file into ANSYS. IGES is a neutral CAD format file definition. Each software manufacturer writes software for translating from IGES to its native file format and vice versa. The angular extent of the slice is not important, we just want to expose the X-Y plane for analysis, (See the instructions below if you want to create the geometry using ANSYS commands instead of using an IGES file from a solid modeler.) Figure 3-3 Solid model ‘The material properties for the vessel are elastic modulus E = 200 GPa (2 x 10" N per m*), Poisson’s ratio = 0.3, Yield strength = 330 MPa (330 x 10° N per m?). The geometric modeling was performed using mm as units of length, so we will use a consistent set ofProblems 33 units with E = 2 x 10° N per mm? and Yield strength = 330 N per m*, An internal pressure of 35 N per mm* will be used, Results calculated with these inputs will have displacements in mm and stresses in N per mm 3-4 TUTORIAL 3A — PRESSURE VESSEL Objective: Determine if yielding will occur in the cylindrical pressure vessel described above if itis pressurized as indicated PREPROCESSING 1. Start ANSYS; set the working directory and job name as usual. | Select the six-node triangular element (number 2 in the AD and choose the axisymmetrie modeling option. SYS menu) for this analysis 2. Main Menu > Preprocessor > Element Type> Add/Edit/Delete >Add >Solid > Triangle 6 node 2>OK. 3. Options > Axisymmetrie > OK > Close Enter the material properties 4. Main Menu > Preprocessor > Material Props > Material Models Material Model Number 1, Double click Structural > Linear >Elastic > Isotropic Enter EX = 2.0E5 and PRXY = 0.3 > OK Next we develop the geometry for the vessel cross section. First import the IGES file of the vessel slice. 5. Utility Menu > File > Import > IGES Select the IGES file you created earlier. Accept the ANSYS import default settings. If you have trouble with the import, select the alternate options and try again. Defeaturing is an automatic process to remove inconsistencies that may exist in the IGES file such as lines that, because of modeling or the translation process, do not quite join Figure 3-4 Solid in ANSYS. (if you are not using an IGES file to define the geometry for this exercise, you can ereate the 2D cross section geometry directly in ANSYS with key points, lines, and ares by selecting File > Read Input from and reading the text file below.) /FILNAM, Tutorial (title, Pr