BeToon Etty Terbaru-1 PDF

Perencanaan Konstruksi Gedung I (Beton)
BAB I
PENDAHULUAN
1.1 Rangka Kuda-kuda
Direncanakan :
Panjang bentang kuda-kuda = 10 m
Sudut kemiringan atap = 24o
Jarak antar kuda-kuda = 2,00 m
Jarak gording = 0,9 m
Rangka kuda-kuda = Baja profil double siku sama kaki ( ┘└ )
Rangka gording = Baja LLC 75 x 45 x 15 x 1,6
Berat gording (q) = 2,32 kg/m ( tabel profil baja )
Berat penutup atap (seng) = 10 kg/m2 (PPI 1983)
Plafond + penggantung = 18 kg/m2 (PPI-1983)
1.2 Peraturan yang Digunakan
Perhitungan didasarkan pada PPI-1983, SK-SNI 1991-01, PPBBI-1984 dan

Struktur Beton Bertulang (Istimawan Dipohusodo)
1.3 Penempatan Beban
1. Pembebanan kuda-kuda
2. Pembebanan top gavel
3. Pembebanan tangga
4. Pembebanan lantai
1
BAB II
PERHITUNGAN PEMBEBANAN
2.1 Pembebanan Kuda-kuda

Tabel Panjang Batang Kuda-kuda
Batang B (m) A (m) V (m) D (m)
1 1,667 1,826 0,742 1,825
2 1,667 1,826 1,484 2,231
3 1,667 1,826 2,226 2,231
4 1,667 1,826 1,484 1,825
5 1,667 1,826 0,742 -
6 1,667 1,826 - -
Jumlah 10 10,956 6,678 8,112
2.1.1 Beban mati (WD)

a. Beban atap
Berat seng = 2 x jarak antar kuda-kuda x (panjang kaki kuda-kuda+
tritisan 1,095 m) x berat penutup atap
= 2 x 2 x {10,956 + 1,095} x 10
= 482,04 kg
Berat plafond = jarak kuda-kuda x pjg balok bint x (berat plafond +penggantung)
= 2 x 10 x 18
= 360 kg
b. Berat gording = berat gording x jarak kuda-kuda x jumlah gording
= 2,32 x 2 x 18
= 83,52 kg
c. Berat rangka kuda-kuda = 502 kg
Beban mati (WD) = B.seng + B.plafond + B.gording + B.rangka kuda-kuda
= 482,04 kg + 360 kg + 83,52 kg + 502 kg
= 1427,56 kg
2.1.2 Beban hidup (WL)
2
a. Beban terpusat
Beban terpusat berasal dari pekerja dan peralatannya = 100 kg (PPI – 1983)
b. Beban air hujan
q = 40 – 0,8 α = 40 – 0,8 (24) = 20,8 kg/m2
P = jarak antar kuda-kuda x panjang kaki kuda-kuda x berat air hujan
= 2 x {10,956 + 1,095} x 20,8 = 501,322 kg
Menurut PPI-1983, beban hidup yang digunakan diambil yang beban

terbesar yang berasal dari beban air hujan yaitu 501,322 kg.
2.1.3 Kombinasi Beban

Agar struktur dan komponen memenuhi syarat dan layak dipakai terhadap
bermacam-macam kombinasi beban, maka harus memenuhi ketentuan:
Wu = 1,2 WD + 1,6 WL = 1,2 (1427,56) + 1,6 (501,322) = 2515,1872 kg
Jadi, masing-masing tumpuan menerima beban kuda-kuda sebesar :
½ Wu = ½ (2515,1872 kg ) = 1257,59 kg
2.2 Pembebanan Tangga
2
1,4
3,5
2,9
2,1 2
°
43,6
2,4 2,4 1,4 2,1
2 ,0
Kemiringan tangga : tan  = → α = 43,6º
2 ,1
2 ,1
Panjang tangga : cos = → x = 2,9 m
x
3
2.2.1 Plat tangga

Berat jenis beton bertulang : 2400 kg/m3
Berat jenis pasir (kering udara sampai lembab : 1600 kg/m3
Berat jenis beton : 2200 kg/m3
Direncanakan :
 Tebal plat tangga = 15 cm
 Lebar plat tangga = 240 cm
 Langkah datar/antrade (P) = 21 cm
 Langkah naik/optrade (T) = 20 cm
 Tebal rata-rata tangga
21
S = P2 + T2 = 212 + 20 2 = 29 cm
0 ,5  21  20
20 Y = = 7,241 cm ≈ 8 cm
29
Tebal rata-rata = 15 + 8 = 23 cm
a. Beban mati (WD)

Diketahui lebar tangga 2,4 m, maka:
Berat plat tangga (t = 23 cm) = 2,4 x 0,23 x 2400 = 1324,8 kg/m
Berat spesi (t = 2 cm) = 2,4 x 0,02 x 2100 = 100,8 kg/m
Berat keramik (t = 2 cm) = 2,4 x 0,02 x 2200 = 105,6 kg/m +
WD = 1531,2 kg/m
b. Beban hidup (WL)

Beban hidup yang timbul pada sebuah tangga berdasarkan PPI-1983 hal 17
pada tabel 3.1 adalah sebesar 300 kg/m2 dan koefisien reduksi berdasarkan
PPI-1983 hal 33 yakni pada tabel 3.3 adalah sebesar 0,75.
WL = 2,4 x 300 x 0,75 = 540 kg/m
4
c. Kombinasi beban (WU)

Beban yang diterima oleh tangga adalah:
WU = 1,2 WD + 1,6 WL = 1,2 (1531,2) + 1,6 (540) = 2701,44 kg/m
2.2.2 Pembebanan plat bordes

Direncanakan :
 Tebal plat bordes = 0,15 m
 Lebar plat bordes = 1,4 m
1) Beban mati (WD)

Berat plat bordes (t = 15 cm) = 1,4 x 0,15 x 2400 = 504 kg/m
Berat spesi (t = 2 cm) = 1,4 x 0,02 x 2100 = 58,8 kg/m
Berat keramik (t = 2 cm) = 1,4 x 0,02 x 2200 = 61,6 kg/m +
WD = 624,4 kg/m
2) Beban hidup (WL)
Beban hidup yang timbul pada plat bordes adalah sebesar 300 kg/m 2. dan
koefisien reduksi sebesar 0,75.
WL = 1,4 x 300 x 0,75 = 202,5 kg/m
3) Kombinasi beban (WU)

Beban yang diterima oleh plat bordes adalah:
WU = 1,2 WD + 1,6 WL = 1,2 (624,4) + 1,6 (202,5) = 1073,28 kg/m
2.2.3 Balok bordes

20
30
Berat sendiri balok = 0,2 x 0,3 x 2400 = 144 kg/m

Berat plat bordes = ½ Wu = ½ (1073,28) = 536,64 kg/m
5
Berat plat tangga = ½ Wu = ½ (2701,44) = 1350,72 kg/m +

Wu = 2031,36 kg/m
2.3 Pembebanan Top Gavel

2.3.1 Berat dinding top gavel
Pengaku top gavel
Dinding top gavel
 Luas dinding :
A = 2 (½ x tinggi kuda-kuda x ½ bentang kuda-kuda)
= 2,0 x ½ x 2,226 x ½ x 10
= 11,13 m2
 Berat dinding top gevel
Berdasarkan PPI-1983 tabel 2.1, diperoleh berat sendiri bahan bangunan untuk
dinding pasangan bata merah (setengah batu) adalah 250 kg/m2.
Berat dinding top gavel :
P = A . q = 11,13 x 250 = 2782,5 kg
2.3.2 Berat pengaku top gavel
 Panjang total = (2 x kaki kuda-kuda) + bentang kuda-kuda + tinggi kuda-kuda
= (2 x 5,478) + 10 + 2,226 = 23,182 m

 Berat pengaku top gavel (15/15) :
P = 0,15 x 0,15 x 23,182 x 2400 = 1251,828 kg
 Berat total top gavel
P = berat dinding top gavel + berat pengaku top gavel
= 2782,5 + 1251,828 = 4034,328 kg
 Berat ekuivalen/berat rata-rata top gavel
6
P 4034,328
q= = = 403,433 kg/m
L 10
2.4 Pembebanan Lantai
2.4.1 Beban mati
Direncanakan plat lantai t = 15 cm :

 Berat sendiri plat lantai = 0,15 x 2400 x 1 = 360 kg/m
 Berat spesi (t = 2 cm) = 0,02 x 2100 x 1 = 42 kg/m
 Berat keramik (t = 2 cm) = 0,02 x 2200 x 1 = 44 kg/m +
WD = 446 kg/m
2.4.2 Beban hidup
Beban hidup yang timbul pada lantai adalah 250 kg/m2 (PPI-1983 tabel
3.1) dan koefisien reduksi beban hidup untuk sekolah adalah 0,90 kg/m2.
WL = 250 x 0,90 x 1 = 225 kg/m
2.4.3 Kombinasi beban

WU = 1,2 WD + 1,6 WL = 1,2 (446) + 1,6 (225) = 895,2 kg/m
2.4.4 Distribusi beban lantai
Denah distribusi beban.
d d d d d d
c c c c c c c c c c c c
d d d d d d
d d d d d d
c c c c c c c c c c c c
d d d d d d
b b b b b b b
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
b b b b b b b
Diketahui WU = 895,2 kg/m
7
Beban lantai didistribusikan dalam bentuk segitiga dan trapesium yang dijadikan
beban merata/ekuivalen, dengan rumus :
a. Bentuk segitiga
1
qeq = Lx Wu
3
b. Bentuk trapesium
L x (3L y − L x )Wu
2 2
qeq = 2
6L y
Tabel Besar pelimpahan beban lantai (beban equivalent)

Type Lx ( m ) Ly ( m ) Qeq (kg/m)
a 2 - 596,8
b 2 5 847,5
c 5 4 1072,4
d 5 - 1492
2.5 Pelimpah Beban Pada Portal
Direncanakan dimensi :
 Balok lantai = 25/40 cm
 Kolom atas = 40/40 cm
 Balok ring = 20/30 cm
 Balok anak = 20/30 cm
Berdasarkan PPI-1983 tabel 2-1 hal 11 diketahui bahwa :

 Berat volume beton bertulang = 2400 kg/m3
8
 Berat volume bata merah = 1700 kg/m3

Untuk perhitungan portal pada perencanaan ini hanya pada potongan A-A,
potongan B-B, potongan 4-4 dan potongan 7-7.
2.5.1 Portal A – A (memanjang)
P1 P2 P3 P4 P5 P6 P7 P8
d d d d d d
A B C D E F G H
A. Beban terbagi rata
a) Bentang AB = BC = CD = DE = EF = FG
Berat dinding atas = 0,15 x 3,6 x 1700 = 943,5 kg/m
Berat plat lantai tipe d = 1492 kg/m
Berat balok lantai 35/60 cm = 0,35 x 0,60 x 2400 = 504 kg/m +
q = 2939,5 kg/m
= 2,93 t/m
b) Bentang GH
q = 1447,5 kg/m
= 1,45 t/m
B. Beban terpusat
a) P1 = P8
Berat top gavel = 403,433 x ½ (5) = 1008,6 kg
Berat ½ rangka kuda - kuda = 1257,59 kg
Berat ringbalk melintang (20/30) cm
= 0,2 x 0,3 x ½ (4) x 2400 = 288 kg
Berat ringbalk memanjang (20/30) cm
= 0,2 x 0,3 x ½ (5) x 2400 = 360 kg
Berat kolom atas (40/40) cm
9
= 0,40 x 0,40 x 3,6 x 2400 = 1420,8 kg +

P = 4334,9 kg = 4,33 t
b) P2 = P3 = P4 = P5 = P6 = P7
= 0,2 x 0,3 x ½ (4) x 2400 = 288 kg
= 0,2 x 0,3 x ½ (5 + 5) x 2400 = 720 kg
= 0,40 x 0,40 x 3,6 x 2400 = 1420,8 kg +
P = 2428,8 kg
= 2,4 t
2.5.2 Portal B – B (memanjang)
P1 P2 P3 P4 P5 P6 P7 P8
d d d d d d
d d d d d d
A B C D E F G H

a) Bentang AB = BC = CD = DE = EF = FG
Berat plat lantai tipe d = (2 x 1492) = 2984 kg/m
q = 4431,5 kg/m
= 4,43 t/m
b) Bentang GH
q = 1447,5 kg/m
10
= 1,45 t/m
B. Beban terpusat
a) P1 = P8
= 0,2 x 0,3 x ½ (4+4) x 2400 = 576 kg
= 0,2 x 0,3 x ½ (5) x 2400 = 360 kg
= 0,40 x 0,40 x 3,6 x 2400 = 1420,8 kg +
P = 3365,4 kg
= 3,3 t
b) P2 = P3 = P4 = P5 = P6 = P7
= 0,2 x 0,3 x ½ (4+4) x 2400 = 576 kg
= 0,2 x 0,3 x ½ (5 + 5) x 2400 = 720 kg

= 0,40 x 0,40 x 3,6 x 2400 = 1420,8 kg +
P = 2716,8 kg
= 2,7 t
2.5.3 Portal 4 – 4 (melintang)

P1 P2 P3 P4
c c
a
a
c c
11
A B C D

a) Bentang AB = BC
Berat plat lantai tipe c = 2 x 1072,4 = 2144,8 kg/m
q = 3592,3 kg/m = 3,59 t/m
b) Bentang CD
Berat plat lantai tipe a = 2 x 596,8 = 1193,6 kg/m
q = 2641,1 kg/m
= 2,64 t/m
B. Beban terpusat
a) P1
Berat ½ kuda-kuda = 1257,59 kg
= 0,2 x 0,3 x ½ (4) x 2400 = 288 kg
= 0,2 x 0,3 x ½ (5 +5) x 2400 = 720 kg
= 0,40 x 0,40 x 3,6 x 2400 = 1420,8 kg +
P = 3686,39 kg
= 3,68 t
b) P2
12

= 0,2 x 0,3 x ½ (4 + 4) x 2400 = 576 kg
= 0,2 x 0,3 x ½ (5 +5) x 2400 = 720 kg
= 0,40 x 0,40 x 3,6 x 2400 = 1420,8 kg +
P = 2716,8 kg
= 2,7 t
c) P3
= 0,2 x 0,3 x ½ (4 + 2) x 2400 = 432 kg
= 0,2 x 0,3 x ½ (5 +5) x 2400 = 720 kg
= 0,40 x 0,40 x 3,6 x 2400 = 1420,8 kg +
P = 2572,8 kg
= 2,5 t
d) P4
= 0,40 x 0,40 x 1,0 x 2400 = 384 kg +
P = 384 kg
= 0,38 t
2.5.4 Portal 7 – 7 (melintang)
13
P1 P2 P3 P4
a
a
c c
A B C D

a) Bentang AB = BC
Berat plat lantai tipe c = 1072,4 kg/m
q = 2519,9 kg/m
= 2,51 t/m
b) Bentang CD
Berat plat lantai tipe a = 2 x 596,8 = 1193,6 kg/m
q = 1697,6 kg/m
= 1,69 t/m
B. Beban terpusat
a) P1
Berat ½ kuda-kuda = 1257,59 kg
= 0,2 x 0,3 x ½ (4) x 2400 = 288 kg
= 0,2 x 0,3 x ½ (5+ 5) x 2400 = 720 kg
14

= 0,40 x 0,40 x 3,6 x 2400 = 1420,8 kg +
P = 4694,99 kg
= 4,69 t
b) P2
= 0,2 x 0,3 x ½ (4 + 4) x 2400 = 576 kg
= 0,2 x 0,3 x ½ (5 + 5) x 2400 = 720 kg
= 0,40 x 0,40 x 3,6 x 2400 = 1420,8 kg +
P = 2716,8 kg
= 2,7 t
c) P3
= 0,2 x 0,3 x ½ (4 + 2) x 2400 = 432 kg
= 0,2 x 0,3 x ½ (5 + 5) x 2400 = 720 kg
= 0,40 x 0,40 x 3,6 x 2400 = 1420,8 kg +
P = 2572,8 kg
= 2,5 t
d) P4
= 0,40 x 0,40 x 1,0 x 2400 = 384,00 kg +
P = 384,00 kg
= 0,384 t
BAB III
ANALISA STATIKA
3.1 Tangga
15
Tangga dianggap terletak di atas 2 tumpuan, yaitu jepit-jepit

5
2
1,4
3,5
2,9
2,1 2
°
43,6
2,4 2,4 1,4 2,1
3.1.1 Momen plat tangga

Diketahui : Wu = 2701,44 kg/m (hal. 4 )
a. Tangga bagian bawah
Wu = W cos α = 2701,44 cos 43,6°
= 1956,307 kg/m L
=
2,
9
m
M = ⅛ x Wu x L 2
= ⅛ 1956,307 (2,9)2 = 2056,568 kgm W sin a W cos a
 Momen tumpuan (Mtu)

Mtu1 = Mtu2 = 1/12 Wu L2
= 1/12 (1956,307) (2,9)2
= 1371,045 kgm
 Momen lapangan (Mlap)
Mlap = M – Mtu 1
/12 WL2
- -
= 2056,568 – 1371,045
+
= 685,523 kgm
b. Tangga bagian atas
Tangga bagian atas = tangga bagian bawah
sehingga :
Mlap atas = Mlap bawah = 685,523 kgm
3.2 Bordes
3.2.1 Plat bordes
1,4
5 16
Ly 5
= = 3,571
Lx 1,4
Momen plat borders dihitung berdasarkan PBBI-1971 hal 202,

Wu = 1073,28 kg/m (hal 5 )
MLx = 0,001 . Wu . Lx2 . x = 0,001 x 1073,28 x (1,4)2 x 63 = 132,529 kg.m
MLy = 0,001 . Wu . Lx2 . x = 0,001 x 1073,28 x (1,4)2 x 13 = 27,347 kg.m
Mty = - 0,001 . Wu . Lx2 . x = -0,001 x 1073,28 x
(1,4)2 x 125 = 262,954 kg.m
Mtix = ½ MLx = ½ x 132,529 = 66,265 kg.m
Mtiy = ½ MLy = ½ x 27,347 = 13,674 kg.m
3.2.2 Balok bordes

Diketahui : Wu = 2031,36 kg/m (hal.5 )
a. Momen statis tertentu
M = ⅛ x Wu x L2 = ⅛ x 2031,36 x 52 = 6348 kg.m
b. Momen statis tak tentu
Mt1 = Mt2 = 1/12 x Wu x L2
= 1/12 x 2031,36 x 52 = 4232 kg.m
MLap = M – Mtu1 = 6348 – 4232 = 2116 kg.m
3.3 Balok Ringbalk

3.3.1 Momen pada ringbalk memanjang
Rumus yang digunakan berdasarkan Gambar 7.1 “Struktur Beton
Bertulang” (Istimawan) halaman 209.
Berat sendiri (20/30)  (q) = 0,2 x 0,3 x 2400 =144 kg/m
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
16 14 10 16 10 16 11 16 11 16 10 16 10 14 16
1 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
2 3 4 5 6 7 8
5 5 5 5 5 5 5
17
 Momen
Momen tumpuan :
M1 = M8 = 1/16 q L2 = 1/16 x 144 x (½ x 5)2 = 56,25 kg.m
M2 = M7 = 1/10 q L2 = 1/10 x 144 x (½ (5 + 5))2 = 360 kg.m
M3 = M6 = M 2 = M7 = 360 kg.m
M4 = M5 = 1/11 q L2 = 1/11 x 144 x (½(5 +5))2 = 327,27 kg.m
Mdesign tumpuan = 360 kg.m

Momen lapangan :
M9 = M15 = 1/14 q L2 = 1/14 x 144 x 52 = 257,143 kg.m
M10 = M14 = 1/16 q L2 = 1/16 x 144 x 52 = 225 kg.m
M11 = M12 = M13 = M10 = M14 = 225 kg.m
Mdesign lapangan = 257,143 kg.m
 Bidang geser =½qL = ½ (144) (5) = 360 kg
3.3.2 Momen pada ringbalk melintang
1 1 1 1 1 1 1
16 14 10 16 10 14 16
1 5 4
2 3
4 4 2
Berat sendiri (20/30) = 0,2 x 0,3 x 2400 = 144 kg/m

Berat top gevel = 403,433 kg/m
q = 547,433 kg/m
 Momen
Momen tumpuan :
M1 = 1/16 q L2 = 1/16 x 547,433 x (½ x 4)2 = 136,858 kg.m
M2 = 1/10 q L2 = 1/10 x 547,433 x {½ (4 + 4)}2 = 875,893 kg.m
M3 = 1/10 q L2 = 1/10 x 547,433 x {½ (4 + 2)}2 = 492,689 kg.m
M4 = 1/16 q L2 = 1/16 x 547,433 x (½ x 2)2 = 34,215 kg.m
Mdesign tumpuan = 875,893 kg.m
Momen lapangan :
M5 = 1/14 q L2 = 1/14 x 547,433 x 42 = 625,638 kg.m
18
M6 = 1/16 q L2 = 1/16 x 547,433 x 42 = 547,433 kg.m

M7 = 1/14 q L2 = 1/14 x 547,433 x 22 = 156,409 kg.m
 Bidang geser =½qL = ½ (547,433) (4) = 1094,866 kg
3.4 Sloof
3.4.1 Momen pada sloof memanjang
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
16 14 10 16 10 16 11 16 11 16 10 16 10 14 16
1 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
2 3 4 5 6 7 8
5 5 5 5 5 5 5

Berat dinding = 0,15 x (3,6 – 0,4) x 1700 = 1224 kg/m
q = 1464 kg/m
 Momen
Momen tumpuan :
M1 = M8 = 1/16 q L2 = 1/16 x 1464 x (½ x 5)2 = 571,875 kg.m
M2 = M7 = 1/10 q L2 = 1/10 x 1464 x {½ (5 + 5)}2 = 3660 kg.m
M3 = M6 = 1/10 q L2 = 1/10 x 1464 x {½ (5 + 5)}2 = 3660 kg.m
M4 = M5 = 1/11 q L2 = 1/11 x 1464 x {½ (5 + 5)}2 = 3327,273 kg.m
Mdesign tumpuan = 3660 kg.m
Momen lapangan :
M9 = M15 = 1/14 q L2 = 1/14 x 1464 x 52 = 2614,29 kg.m
M10 = M14 = 1/16 q L2 = 1/16 x 1464 x 52 = 2287,5 kg.m
M11 = M12 = M13 = 1/16 q L2 = 1/16 x 1464 x 52 = 2287,5 kg.m
 Bidang geser = ½ x q x L = ½ x 1464 x 5 = 3660 kg
3.4.2 Momen pada sloof melintang
19
1 1 1 1 1 1 1
16 14 10 16 10 14 16
1 5 4
2 3
4 4 2

Berat dinding = 0,15 x (3,6 – 0,4) x 1700 = 1224 kg/m
q = 1464 kg/m
 Momen
Momen tumpuan :
M1 = 1/16 q L2 = 1/16 x 1464 x (½ x 4)2 = 366 kg.m
M2 = 1/10 q L2 = 1/10 x 1464 x {½ (4 + 4)}2 = 2342,4 kg.m
M3 = 1/10 q L2 = 1/10 x 1464 x {½ (4 + 2)}2 = 1317,6 kg.m
M4 = 1/16 q L2 = 1/16 x 1464 x (½ x 2)2 = 91,5 kg.m
Mdesign tumpuan = 2342,4 kg.m
Momen lapangan :
M5 = 1/14 q L2 = 1/14 x 1464 x 42 = 1673,143 kg.m
M6 = 1/16 q L2 = 1/16 x 1464 x 42 = 1464 kg.m
M7 = 1/14 q L2 = 1/14 x 1464 x 22 = 418,285 kg.m
 Bidang geser =½qL = ½ (1464) (4) = 2928 kg
3.5 Momen pada Plat Lantai

Momen plat lantai dihitung berdasarkan SK SNI 1991-03, persamaan yang
digunakan:
Diketahui : Wu = 895,2 kg/m (hal 7)
20
a. Tipe 1
Ly 5
= = 1,25
4 1 Lx 4
MLx = 0,001 . Wu . Lx2 . x = 0,001 x 895,2 x 42 x 29,5 = 422,534 kg.m

MLy = 0,001 . Wu . Lx2 . x = 0,001 x 895,2 x 42 x 19,5 = 279,302 kg.m
Mtx = - 0,001 . Wu . Lx2 . x = -0,001 x 895,2 x 42 x 66,5 = - 952,493 kg.m
Mty = - 0,001 . Wu . Lx2 . x = -0,001 x 895,2 x 42 x 56,5 = - 809,261 kg.m
b. Tipe 2
2
Ly 5
2 = = 2,5
Lx 2
MLx = 0,001 . Wu . Lx2 . x = 0,001 x 895,2 x 22 x 42 = 150,394 kg.m

MLy = 0,001 . Wu . Lx2 . x = 0,001 x 895,2 x 22 x 10 = 35,808 kg.m
Mtx = - 0,001 . Wu . Lx2 . x = -0,001 x 895,2 x 22 x 69,32= - 297,206 kg.m
Mty = - 0,001 . Wu . Lx2 . x = -0,001 x 895,2 x 22 x 57 = - 204,106 kg.m
3.6 Momen pada Portal

Perhitungan dilakukan dengan metode cross/distribusi momen, karena
metode ini dapat digunakan untuk menganalisa semua jenis balok atau kerangka
kaku statis tak tentu (Chu Kia Wang, 1991).
Direncanakan :
 kolom bawah : 40/40
 balok lantai : 25/40
21
Momen Inersia (I) :

Ikolom = 1/12 b x h3 = 1/12 x 40 x 403 = 213333,333 cm4
Ibalok = 1/12 b x h3 = 1/12 x 25 x 403 = 133333,333 cm4
I kolom 213333,333
= = 1,6
I balok 133333,333
Ikolom = 1,6 Ibalok
EIkolom = 1,6 EIbalok
3.1.1 Portal A-A (memanjang)

PORTAL A-A MEMANJANG
P1 P2 P3 P4 P5 P6 P7 P8
A B C D E F G H
q1 q2 q3 q4 q5 q6 q7
I J K L M N O P
q4 = q5 = q6 = 2,93 t/m
P1 = P8 = 4,33 ton
P2 = P3= P4 = 2,4 ton
q1 = q2 = q3 = 2,93 t/m
q7 = 1,45 t/m ; P5 = P6 = P7 = 2,4 ton
A. Angka kekakuan (k)

EI
K=
L
K
Batang
Absolut Relatif
AB = BC = CD = DE = EF = FG = GH EI/5 0,20
AI = BJ = CK = DL = EM = FN = GO =HP 1,6EI/3,6 0,44
B. Faktor distribusi (FD)
22
K1
FD =
K1 + K2
a. Titik A = Titik H
 Batang AB = HG
K AB 0,20
FD = = = 0,3125
K AB + K AI 0,20 + 0,44
 Batang AI = HP
K AI 0,44
FD = = = 0,6875
K AI + K AB 0,44 + 0,20
b. Titik B = Titik C = Titik D = Titik E = Titik F = Titik G
 Batang BA = CB = DC = ED = FE = FG
K BA 0,20
FD = = = 0,2381
K BA + K BC + K BJ 0,20 + 0,20 + 0,44
 Batang BJ = CK = DL = EM = FN = GO
K BJ 0,44
FD = = = 0,5238
K BJ + K BA + K BC 0,44 + 0,20 + 0,20
 Batang BC = CD = DE = EF = FG
K BC 0,20
FD = = = 0,2381
K BC + K AB + K BJ 0,20 + 0,20 + 0,44
C. Momen primer (MF)
MFAB = MFBC = MFCD = MFDE = MFEF = MFFG
1
= /12 q1 L2 = 1/12 x 2,93 x 52 = 6,1042 t.m
MFBA = MFCB = MFDC = MFED = MFFE = MFGF = - 1/12 q1 L2 = -6,1042 t.m
MFGH = 1/12 q7 L2 = 1/12 x 1,45 x 52 = 3,0208 t.m
MFHG = - 1/12 q7 L2 = - 3,0208 t.m
D. Tabel cross
Ket : Bal = Balance / pendistribusian = ΣMF * (-FD)

Bal
Co = Carry Over / induksi = , (batang berlawanan)
2
Mtot = MF + Bal + Co
23
E. Reaksi statis tertentu

RA =P1 + ½ q1 L = 4,33 + [½ x 2,93 x 5]
= 11,66 ton
RB = RG = P2 + [½q1 L] + [½ q2 L] = 2,4 + [½ x 2,931 x 5] + [½ x 2,93 x 5]
= 17,05 ton
RC = RF = P3 + [½q2 L] + [½ q3 L] = 2,4 + [½ x 2,93 x 5] + [½ x 2,93 x 5]
= 17,05 ton
RD = RE = P4 + [½q3 L] + [½ q4 L] = 2,4 + [½ x 2,93 x 5] + [½ x 2,93 x 5]
= 17,05 ton
RH = P 8 + ½ q7 L = 4,33 + [½ x 1,45 x 5]
= 7,96 ton
24
25
F. Reaksi statis tak tentu

1 1
R I = RA + (MA-B + MB-A) = 11,6 + { 4,2774 + (-6,8415) } = 11,147 t
L 5
1 1
RJ = RB – (MB-A + MA-B) + (MB-C + MC-B)
L L
1 1
= 17,05 – { (-6,8415) + 4,2774 } + { 6,3249 + (-6,0150) }= 17,625 t
5 5
1 1
RK = RC - (MC-B + MB-C) + (MC-D + MD-C)
L L
1 1
= 17,05 – { (-6,0150) +6,3249 } + { 6,0771 + (-6,1160) }= 16,980 t
5 5
1 1
RL = RD - (MD-C + MC-D) + (MD-E + ME-D)
L L
1 1
= 17,05 – { (-6,1160) + 6,0771 } + { 6,1110 + (-6,0940) }= 17,2612t
5 5
1 1
RM = RE - (ME-D + MD-E) + (ME-F + MF-E)
L L
26
1 1
= 17,05 - { (-6,0940) + 6,1110 } + { 6,0742 + (-6,1778) }= 17,026 t
5 5
1 1
RN = RF - (MF-E + ME-F) + (MF-G + MG-F)
L L
1 1
= 17,05 - { (-6,1778) + 6,0742 } + { 6,3496 + (-5,4964) }= 17,241 t
5 5
1 1
RO = RG - (MG-F + MF-G) + (MG-H + MH-G)
L L
1 1
= 17,05 - { (-5,4964) + 6,3496 } + { 4,2755 + (-1,7850) }= 17,378 t
5 5
1 1
RP = RH – (MH-G + MG-H) = 8,2 – { (-1,7850) + 4,2755 } = 7,462 t
L 5
G. Reaksi horizontal
HA = - [1/h] (MA-I + MI-A) = - [1/3,6] { (-4,2774) + (-2,1386) }= 1,782 t
HB = - [1/h] (MB-J + MJ-B) = - [1/3,6] { 0,5166+ 0,2583 } = - 0,215 t
HC = - [1/h] (MC-K + MK-C) = - [1/3,6] {- 0,0621 + 0,0310}= 0,026 t
HD = - [1/h] (MD-L+ ML-D) = - [1/3,6] { (0,0050) + (0,0025)}= - 0,0021 t
HE = - [1/h] (ME-M + MM-E) = - [1/3,6] { (0,0199) + (-0,0099) }= - 0,0083 t
HF = - [1/h] (MF-N + MN-F) = - [1/3,6] { (-0,1718) + (-0,0859 }= 0,072 t
HG = - [1/h] (MG-O + MO-G) = - [1/3,6] { (1,4230) + (0,7115) } = - 0,593 t
HH = - [1/h] (MH-P + MP-H) = - [1/3,6] { 1,7850 + 0,8925 } = - 0,744 t
H. Gaya lintang
1
DA-B = P1 + [½ q1 x L] – (MA-B – MB-A)
L
= 4,33 + [½ x 2,93 x 5] – (1/5) [4,2774 – (-6,8415)] = 8,8753 ton
DB-A = DA-B – P1 – (q1 x L ) = 8,8753 – 4,33 – (2,93 x 5) = - 10,1047 ton
1
DB-C = P2 + [½ q2 . L] – (MB-C – MC-B)
L
= 2,4 + [½ x 2,93 x 5] – (1/5) [6,3249 – (-6,0150)] = 6,640 ton
DC-B = DB-C – P2 – (q2 x L) = 6,640 – 2,4 – (2,93 x 5) = - 10,41 ton
1
DC-D = P3 + [½ q3 . L] – (MC-D – MD-C)
L
= 2,4 + [½ x 2,93 x 5] – (1/5) [ 6,0771 – (-6,1160)] = 6,677 ton
27
DD-C = DC-D – P3 – (q3 x L) = 6,677 – 2,4 – (2,93 x 5) = - 10,373 ton

1
DD-E = P4 + [½ q4 . L] – (MD-E – ME-D)
L
= 2,4 + [½ x 2,93 x 5] – (1/5) [ 6,1110 – (-6,0940)] = 6,674 ton
DE-D = DD-E – P4 – (q4 x L) = 6,674 – 2,4 – (2,93 x 5) = - 10,376 ton
1
DE-F = P5 + [½ q5 . L] – (ME-F – MF-E)
L
= 2,4 + [½ x 2,93 x 5] – (1/5) [ 6,0742 – (-6,1778)] = 6,662 ton
DF-E = DE-F – P5 – (q5 x L) = 6,662 – 2,4 – (2,93 x 5) = - 10,388 ton
1
DF-G = P6 + [½ q6 . L] – (MF-G – MG-F)
L
= 2,4 + [½ x 2,93 x 5] – (1/5) [ (-6,3496) – (-5,4964)] = 7,356 ton
DG-F = DF-G – P6 – (q6 x L) = 7,356 – 2,4 – (2,93 x 5) = - 9,694 ton
1
DG-H = P7 + [½ q7 . L] – (MG-H – MH-G)
L
= 2,4 + [½ x 1,45 x 5] – (1/5) [ 4,2755 – (-1,7850)] = 4,509 ton
DH-G = DG-H – P7 – (q7 x L) = 4,509 – 2,4 – (1,45 x 5) = - 5,141 ton
I. Momen maksimum portal
 Batang AB
RA = P1 + ½ q1 L = 4,33 + ½ (2,93 x 5) = 11,66 ton
MAB = 4,2774 t.m ; MBA = -6,8415 t.m
1 P2
MAI = -4,2774 t.m ; MIA = -2,1386 t.m
MBJ = 0,5166 t.m ; MJB = 0,2583 t.m
A B
q1 6,8415 tm
(Mmaks pada D = 0) 4,2774 tm
(-)
Mx = (RA – P1) x – ½ q1 x2 (-)
dMx
=0 (RA – P1) – q1x = 0 (+)
dx
R A − P1 11,66 − 4,33 7,886 tm
x= = = 2,5 m
q1 2,93
Momen statis tertentu (M+) : I J
M+ = (RA – P1) x – ½ q1 x2
28
= [(11,66 – 4,33) x 2,5] – [ ½ x 2,93 x 2,52 ]

= 9,169 t.m (+)
Momen statis tak tentu (M-) :
Dengan menggunakan rumus perbandingan
segitiga diperoleh :
y/(L – y) = MAB/MBA
y 4,2774
=
5 − y 6,8415
6,8415 y = 21,387 – 4,2774 y
21,387
y= = 1,923m
11,1189
y − (L / 2 ) 1,923 − (5 / 2)
M- = . M AB =  4,2774 = 1,283 t.m (-)
y 1,923
Mmaks = M+ + M- = 9,169 – 1,283 = 7,886 t.m (+)
 Batang BC
RB = P2 + ½ q2 L = 2,4 + ½ (2,93 x 5) = 9,725 ton
2 3
MBC = 6,3249 t.m ; MCB = -6,0150 t.m
MBJ = 0,5166 t.m ; MJB = 0,2583 t.m
MCK = -0,0621 t.m ; MKC = -0,0310 t.m B c
6,3249 tm q2
Mx = (RB – P2) x – ½ q2 x2
(-) (-)
dMx
=0 (RB – P2) – q2x = 0
dx (+)
9,725 − 2,4
x = = 2,5 m
2,93
10,001 tm
Momen statis tertentu (M+) :

M+ = (RB – P2) x – ½ q2 x2
= [(9,725 – 2,4) x 2,5] – [ ½ x 2,93 x 2,52 ] = 10,156 t.m (+)
29
y/(L – y) = MBC/MCB
y 6,3249
=
5 − y 6,0150
6,0150 y = 31,6245 – 6,3249 y
31,6245
y= = 2,563m
12,3399
(L / 2 ) − y (5 / 2) − 2,563
M- = . M BC =  6,3249 = 0,155 t.m (-)
y 2,563
Mmaks = M+ + M- = 10,156 – 0,155 = 10,001 t.m (+)
 Batang CD
RC = P3 + ½ q3 L = 2,4+ ½ (2,93 x 5) = 9,725 ton
MCD = 6,0771 tm ; MDC = -6,1160 tm
MCK = -0,0621 tm ; MKC = -0,0310 tm P3 P4
MDL = 0,0050 tm ; MLD = 0,0025 tm

(Mmaks pada D = 0) C D
6,0771tm q3
Mx = (RC – P3) x – ½ q3 x2 6,1160 tm
dMx
=0 (RC – P3) – q3x = 0 (-) (-)
dx
9,725 − 2,4 (+)
x = = 2,5 m
2,93
Momen statis tertentu (M+) : 10,1365tm
M +
= (RC – P3) x – ½ q3 x 2
K L
= [(9,725 – 2,4) x 2,5] – [½ x 2,93 x 2,52]
= 10,156 tm (+)
30

y/(L – y) = MCD/MDC
y
= 6,1160
5− y
6,1160 y = 30,3855 – 6,0771 y
30,3855
y= = 2,492m
12,1931
y − (L / 2 ) 2,492 − (5 / 2)
M- = . M CD =  6,0771 = 0,0195 t.m (-)
y 2,492
Mmaks = M+ + M- = 10,156 – 0,0195 = 10,1365 t.m (+)
 Batang DE
RD = P4 + ½ q4 L = 2,4 + ½ (2,93 x 5) = 9,725 ton
MDE = 6,1110 tm ; MED = -6,0940 tm P4 P5
MDL = 0,0050 tm ; MLD = 0,0025 tm

MEM = 0,0199 tm ; MME = 0,0099 tm D E
6,1110 tm q4 6,0940 tm
(Mmaks pada D = 0) (-)

(-)
Mx = (RD – P4) x – ½ q4 x 2
(+)
dMx
=0 (RD – P4) – q4 x = 0
dx
9,725 − 2,4
x = = 2,5 m 10,156 tm
2,93
L M
M+ = (RD – P4) x – ½ q4 x2
= [(9,725 – 2,4) x 2,5] – [½ x 2,93 x 2,52]
= 10,156 tm (+)
31

y/(L – y) = MDE/MED
y 6,1110
=
5 − y 6,0940
6,0940 y = 30,555 – 6,1110 y
30,555
y= = 2,5m
12,205
y − ( L / 2) 2,5 − (5 / 2)
M- = . M DE =  6,1110 = 0 t.m (-)
y 2,5
Mmaks = M+ + M- = 10,156 + 0 = 10,156 t.m (+)
 Batang EF
RE = P5 + ½ q5 L = 2,4 + ½ (2,93 x 5) = 9,725 ton
MEF = 6,0742 tm ; MFE = 6,1778 tm P5 6
MEM = 0,0199 tm ; MME = 0,0099 tm

MFN = -0,1718 tm ; MNF = -0,0859 tm E F
6,0742 tm q5
Mx = (RE – P5) x – ½ q5 x2 (-) (-)
dMx
=0 (RE – P5) – q5 x = 0
dx (+)
9,725 − 2,4
x = = 2,5 m
2,93 10,102 tm
+
Momen statis tertentu (M ) :
M N
M+ = (RE – P5) x – ½ q5 x2
= [(9,725 – 2,4) x 2,5] – [½ x 2,93 x 2,52]
= 10,156 tm (+)
32

y/(L – y) = MEF/MFE
y 6,0742
=
5 − y 6,1778
6,1778 y = 30,371 – 6,0742 y
30,371
y= = 2,478m
12,252
(L / 2 ) − y (5 / 2) − 2,478
M- = . M EF =  6,0742 = 0,054 t.m (-)
y 2,478
Mmaks = M+ + M- = 10,156 – 0,054 = 10,102 t.m (+)
 Batang FG
RF = P6 + ½ q6 L = 2,4 + ½ (2,93 x 5) = 9,725 ton
MFG = -6,3496 t.m ; MGF = -5,4964 t.m 6 7
MFN = -0,1718 t.m ; MNF = -0,0859 t.m

MGO = 1,4230 t.m ; MOG = 0,7115 t.m F G
6,3496 tm q6
Mx = (RF – P6) x – ½ q6 x2 (-) (-)
dMx
=0 (RF – P6) – q6x = 0
dx (+)
9,725 − 2,4
x = = 2,5 m
2,93 9,73 tm
+
Momen statis tertentu (M ) :
N O
M+ = (RF – P6) x – ½ q6 x2
= [(9,725 – 2,4) x 2,5] – [ ½ x 2,93 x 2,52 ] = 10,156 t.m (+)
33
y/(L – y) = MFG/MGF
y 6,3496
=
5 − y 5,4964
5,4964 y = 31,748 – 6,3496 y
31,748
y= = 2,68m
11,846
( L / 2) − y (5 / 2) − 2,68
M- = . M FG =  6,3496 = 0,426 t.m (-)
y 2,68
Mmaks = M+ + M- = 10,156 – 0,426 = 9,73 t.m (+)
 Batang GH
RG = P7 + ½ q7 L = 2,4 + ½ (1,45 x 5) = 6,025 ton
MGH = 4,2755 tm ; MHG = -1,7850 tm
MGO = -1,4230 tm ; MOG = -0,7115 tm
MHP = 1,7850 tm ; MPH = 0,8925 tm P7 P8
(Mmaks pada D = 0)
Mx = (RG – P7) x – ½ q7 x2 G H
q7
dMx
=0 (RG – P7) – q3x = 0 4,2755 tm
dx (-)
1,7850 tm
(-)
6,025 − 2,4 (+)

x = = 2,5 m
1,45 3,286 tm
O P
M+ = (RG – P7) x – ½ q7 x2
= [(6,025 – 2,4) x 2,5] – [½ x 1,45 x 2,52]
= 4,531 tm (+)
34

y/(L – y) = MGH/MHG
y 4,2755
=
5 − y 1,7850
1,7850 y = 21,3775 – 4,2755 y
21,3755
y= = 3,527m
6,0605
y − ( L / 2) 3,527 − (5 / 2)
M- = . M GH =  4,2755 = 1,245 t.m (-)
y 3,527
Mmaks = M+ + M- = 4,531 – 1,245 = 3,286 t.m (+)
35
3.1.2 Portal B-B (memanjang)
PORTAL A-A MEMANJANG
P1 P2 P3 P4 P5 P6 P7 P8
A B C D E F G H
q1 q2 q3 q4 q5 q6 q7
I J K L M N O P
q1 = q2 = q3 = 4,43 t/m P1 = P8 = 3,3 ton

q4 = q5 = q6 = 4,43 t/m P2 = P3 = P4 = 2,7 ton
q7 = 1,45 t/m P5 = P6 = P7 = 2,7 ton

EI
K=
L
Batang K
36
Absolut Relatif
AB = BC = CD = DE = EF = FG = GH EI/5 0,20
AI = BJ = CK = DL = EM = FN = GO =HP 1,6EI/3,6 0,44
K1
FD =
K1 + K2
a. Titik A = Titik H
 Batang AB = HG
K AB 0,20
FD = = = 0,3125
K AB + K AI 0,20 + 0,44
 Batang AI = HP
K AI 0,44
FD = = = 0,6875
K AI + K AB 0,44 + 0,20
b. Titik B = Titik C = Titik D = Titik E = Titik F = Titik G
 Batang BA = CB = DC = ED = FE = GF
K BA 0,20
FD = = = 0,2381
K BA + K BC + K BJ 0,20 + 0,20 + 0,44
 Batang BJ = CK = DL = EM = FN = GO
K BJ 0,44
FD = = = 0,5238
K BJ + K BA + K BC 0,44 + 0,20 + 0,20
 Batang BC = CD = DE = EF = FG
K BC 0,20
FD = = = 0,2381
K BC + K AB + K BJ 0,20 + 0,20 + 0,44

MFAB = MFBC = MFCD = MFDE = MFEF = MFFG
1
= /12 q1 L2 = 1/12 x 4,43 x 52 = 9,2291 t.m
37
MFBA = MFCB = MFDC = MFED = MFFE = MFGF = - 1/12 q1 L2 = -9,2291 t.m

MFGH = 1/12 q7 L2 = 1/12 x 1,45 x 52 = 3,0208 t.m
MFHG = - 1/12 q3 L2 = - 3,0208 t.m
D. Tabel cross

Bal
2
38
39

RA = P 1 + ½ q1 L = 3,3 + [½ x 4,43 x 5] = 14,375 ton
RB = RG = P2 + [½q1 L] + [½ q2 L] = 2,7 + [½ x 4,43 x 5] + [½ x 4,43 x 5] = 24,85t
RC = RF = P3 + [½q2 L] + [½ q3 L] = 2,7 + [½ x 4,43 x 5] + [½ x 4,43 x 5] = 24,85 t
RD = RE = P4 + [½q3 L] + [½ q4 L] = 2,7 + [½ x 4,43 x 5] + [½ x 4,43 x 5] = 24,85 t
RH = P 8 + ½ q7 L = 3,3 + [½ x 1,45 x 5] = 6,925 t

1 1
R I = RA + (MA-B + MB-A) = 14,375 + { 6,4670 + (-10,3439) } = 13,599 t
L 5
1 1
RJ = RB – (MB-A + MA-B) + (MB-C + MC-B)
L L
1 1
= 24,85 – { (-10,3439) + 6,4670 } + { 9,5628 + (-9,0942) }= 25,913 t
5 5
1 1
RK = RC - (MC-B + MB-C) + (MC-D + MD-C)
L L
1 1
= 24,85 – { (-9,0942) +9,5628 } + { 9,1879 + (-9,2477) }= 24,744 t
5 5
1 1
RL = RD - (MD-C + MC-D) + (MD-E + ME-D)
L L
1 1
= 24,85 – { (-9,2477) + 9,1879 } + { 9,2418 + (-9,2077) }= 24,868 t
5 5
40
1 1
RM = RE - (ME-D + MD-E) + (ME-F + MF-E)
L L
1 1
= 24,85 - { (-9,2077) + 9,2418 } + { 9,1634 + (-9,3906) }= 24,797 t
5 5
1 1
RN = RF - (MF-E + ME-F) + (MF-G + MG-F)
L L
1 1
= 24,85 - { (-9,3906) + 9,1634 } + {9,7680 + (-7,8939) } = 25,270 t
5 5
1 1
RO = RG - (MG-F + MF-G) + (MG-H + MH-G)
L L
1 1
= 24,85 - { (-7,8939) + 9,7680 } + { 5,2120 + (-1,4357) } = 25,230 t
5 5
1 1
RP = RH – (MH-G + MG-H) = 6,925 – { (-1,4357) + 5,2120 }= 6,1697 t
L 5
HA = - [1/h] (MA-I + MI-A) = - [1/3,6] { (-6,4670) + (-3,2334) }= 2,6945 ton
HB = - [1/h] (MB-J + MJ-B) = - [1/3,6] { 0,7810+ 0,3905 }= - 0,3254 ton
HC = - [1/h] (MC-K + MK-C) = - [1/3,6] {(- 0,0937) + (-0,0468)}= 0,039 ton
HD = - [1/h] (MD-L+ ML-D) = - [1/3,6] { (0,0059) + (0,0029)}= - 0,0024 ton
HE = - [1/h] (ME-M + MM-E) = - [1/3,6] { (0,0442) + (0,0221) }= - 0,0184 ton
HF = - [1/h] (MF-N + MN-F) = - [1/3,6] { (-0,3774) + (-0,1887 }= 0,1573 ton
HG = - [1/h] (MG-O + MO-G) = - [1/3,6] { (3,1259) + (1,5629) }= - 1,3024 ton
HH = - [1/h] (MH-P + MP-H) = - [1/3,6] { 1,4357 + 0,7179 }= - 0,5982 ton
H. Gaya lintang
1
DA-B = P1 + [½ q1 x L] – (MA-B – MB-A)
L
= 3,3 + [½ x 4,43 x 5] – (1/5) [6,4670 – (-10,3439)] = 11,013 ton
DB-A = DA-B – P1 – (q1 x L ) = 11,013 – 3,3 – (4,33 x5) = - 14,437 ton
1
DB-C = P2 + [½ q2 . L] – (MB-C – MC-B)
L
= 2,7 + [½ x 4,43 x 5] – (1/5) [9,5628 – (-9,0942)] = 9,111 ton
DC-B = DB-C – P2 – (q2 x L) = 9,111 – 2,7 – (4,43 x 5) = - 15,739 ton
41
1
DC-D = P3 + [½ q3 . L] – (MC-D – MD-C)
L
= 2,7 + [½ x 4,43 x 5] – (1/5) [ 9,1879 – (-9,2477)] = 9,1661 ton
DD-C = DC-D – P3 – (q3 x L) = 9,1661 – 2,7 – (4,43 x 5) =- 15,684 ton
1
DD-E = P4 + [½ q4 . L] – (MD-E – ME-D)
L
= 2,7 + [½ x 4,43 x 5] – (1/5) [ 9,2418 – (-9,2077)] = 10,0851 ton
DE-D = DD-E – P4 – (q4 x L) = 10,0851 – 2,7 – (4,43 x 5) = - 14,765 ton
1
DE-F = P5 + [½ q5 . L] – (ME-F – MF-E)
L
= 2,7 + [½ x 4,43 x 5] – (1/5) [ 9,1634 – (9,3906)] = 10,0642 ton
DF-E = DE-F – P5 – (q5 x L) = 10,0642 – 2,7 – (4,43 x 5) = - 14,786 ton
1
DF-G = P6 + [½ q6 . L] – (MF-G – MG-F)
L
= 2,7 + [½ x 4,43 x 5] – (1/5) [ (-9,7680) – (-7,8939)] = 10,243 ton
DG-F = DF-G – P6 – (q6 x L) = 10,243 – 2,7 – (4,43 x 5) = - 14,607 ton
1
DG-H = P7 + [½ q7 . L] – (MG-H – MH-G)
L
= 2,7 + [½ x 1,45 x 5] – (1/5) [ 5,2120 – (-1,4357)] = 4,9955 ton
DH-G = DG-H – P7 – (q7 x L) = 4,9955 – 2,7 – (1,45 x 5) = - 4,9545 ton

 Batang AB
RA = P1 + ½ q1 L = 3,3 + ½ (4,43 x 5) = 14,775 ton
MAB = 6,4670 t.m ; MBA = -10,3439 t.m 1 P2
MAI = -6,4670 t.m ; MIA = -3,2334 t.m
MBJ = 0,7810 t.m ; MJB = 0,3905 t.m
A B
q1 10,3439 tm
6,4670 tm
(Mmaks pada D = 0)
(-) (-)
Mx = (RA – P1) x – ½ q1 x2
dMx (+)
=0 (RA – P1) – q1x = 0
dx
11,904 tm
42
R A − P1 14,775 − 3,3
x= = = 2,5 m
q1 4,43
M+ = (RA – P1) x – ½ q1 x2
= [(14,775 – 3,3) x 2,5] – [ ½ x 4,43 x 2,52 ]
= 13,844 t.m (+)
y 6,4670
=
5 − y 10,3439
10,3439 y = 32,335 – 6,4670 y
32,335
y= = 1,923m
16,8109
y − (L / 2 ) 1,923 − (5 / 2)
M- = . M AB =  6,4670 = 1,940 t.m (-)
y 1,923
Mmaks = M+ + M- = 13,844 – 1,940 = 11,904 t.m (+)
 Batang BC
RB = P2 + ½ q2 L = 2,7 + ½ (4,43 x 5) = 13,775 ton
MBC = 9,5628 t.m ; MCB = -9,0942 t.m
2 P3
MBJ = 0,7810 t.m ; MJB = 0,3905 t.m
MCK = -0,0937 t.m ; MKC = -0,0468 t.m
B c
(Mmaks pada D = 0) 9,5628tm q2 9,0942 tm
Mx = (RB – P2) x – ½ q2 x2
(-)
dMx (-)
=0 (RB – P2) – q2x = 0

dx
(+)
13,775 − 2,7
x = = 2,5 m
4,43
13,609 tm
43
M+ = (RB – P2) x – ½ q2 x2
= [(13,775 – 2,7) x 2,5] – [ ½ x 4,43 x 2,52 ]
= 13,844 t.m (+)
y 9,5628
=
5 − y 9,0942
9,0942 y = 47,814 – 9,5628 y
47,814
y= = 2,563m
18,657
(L / 2 ) − y (5 / 2) − 2,563
M- = . M BC =  9,5628 = 0,235 t.m (-)
y 2,563
Mmaks = M+ + M- = 13,844 – 0,235 = 13,609 t.m (+)
 Batang CD
RC = P3 + ½ q3 L = 2,7 + ½ (4,43 x 5) = 13,775 ton
MCD = 9,1879 tm ; MDC = -9,2477 tm
3 4
MCK = -0,0937 tm ; MKC = -0,0468 tm

MDL = 0,0059tm ; MLD = 0,0029 tm
C D
9,1879 tm q3 9,2477 tm
(Mmaks pada D = 0)
(-)
Mx = (RC – P3) x – ½ q3 x2 (-)
dMx
=0 (RC – P3) – q3x = 0 (+)
dx
13,775 − 2,7
x = = 2,5 m 13,8146 tm
4,43
Momen statis tertentu (M+) : K L
M +
= (RB – P2) x – ½ q2 x 2
= [(13,775 – 2,7) x 2,5] – [ ½ x 4,43 x 2,52 ]
44
= 13,844 t.m (+)

y 9,1879
=
5 − y 9,2477
9,2477 y = 45,9395 – 9,1879 y
45,9395
y= = 2,492m
18,4356
y − (L / 2 ) 2,492 − (5 / 2)
M- = . M CD =  9,1879 = 0,0294 (-) t.m
y 2,492
Mmaks = M+ + M- = 13,844 – 0,0294 = 13,8146 t.m (+)
 Batang DE
RD = P4 + ½ q4 L = 2,7 + ½ (4,43 x 5) = 13,775 ton
MDE = 9,2418 tm ; MED = -9,2077 tm P4 P5
MDL = 0,0059 tm ; MLD = 0,0029 tm

MEM = 0,0442 tm ; MME = 0,0221 tm
D E
9,2418 tm q4 9,2077 tm
(Mmaks pada D = 0)
(-) (-)
Mx = (RD – P4) x – ½ q4 x2
dMx (+)
=0 (RD – P4) – q4 x = 0
dx
13,775 − 2,7
= 2,5 m
13,7566 tm
x =
4,43
L M
M+ = (RB – P2) x – ½ q2 x2
= [(13,775 – 2,7) x 2,5] – [ ½ x 4,43 x 2,52 ]
= 13,844 t.m (+)
45

y/(L – y) = MDE/MED
y 9,2418
=
5 − y 9,2077
9,2077 y = 46,209 – 9,2418 y
46,209
y= = 2,505m
18,4495
y − (L / 2 ) 2,505 − (5 / 2)
M- = . M DE =  9,2418 = 0,0184 t.m (-)
y 2,505
Mmaks = M+ + M- = 13,775 – 0,0184 = 13,7566 t.m (+)
 Batang EF
RD = P5 + ½ q5 L = 2,7 + ½ (4,43 x 5) = 13,775 ton
MEF = 9,1634 tm ; MFE = 9,3906 tm P5 6
MEM = 0,0442 tm ; MME = 0,0221 tm

MFN = -0,3774 tm ; MNF = -0,1887 tm
E F
9,1634 tm q5 9,3906 tm
(Mmaks pada D = 0)
(-) (-)
Mx = (RE – P5) x – ½ q5 x 2
dMx (+)
=0 (RE – P5) – q5 x = 0
dx
13,775 − 2,7
= 2,5 m
13,959 tm
x =
4,43
M N
M+ = (RB – P2) x – ½ q2 x2
= [(13,775 – 2,7) x 2,5] – [ ½ x 4,43 x 2,52 ]
= 13,844 t.m (+)

46
y/(L – y) = MEF/MFE
y 9,1634
=
5 − y 9,3906
9,3906 y = 45,817 – 9,1634 y
45,817
y= = 2,469m
18,554
(L / 2 ) − y (5 / 2) − 2,469
M- = . M EF =  9,1634 = 0,115 t.m (-)
y 2,469
Mmaks = M+ + M- = 13,844 – 0,115 = 13,959 t.m (+)
 Batang FG
RF = P6 + ½ q6 L = 2,7 + ½ (4,43 x 5) = 13,775 ton
MFG = -9,7680 t.m ; MGF = 7,8939 t.m P6 P7
MFN = -0,3774 t.m ; MNF = -0,1887 t.m

MGO = 3,1259 t.m ; MOG = 1,5629 t.m
F G
9,7680 tm q6
7,8939 tm
(Mmaks pada D = 0)
(-) (-)
Mx = (RF – P6) x – ½ q6 x 2
dMx (+)
=0 (RF – P6) – q6x = 0

dx
13,775 − 2,7 12,908 tm
x = = 2,5 m
4,43
N O
M+ = (RB – P2) x – ½ q2 x2
= [(13,775 – 2,7) x 2,5] – [ ½ x 4,43 x 2,52 ]
= 13,844 t.m (+)
y/(L – y) = MFG/MGF
y 9,7680
=
5 − y 7,8939
47
7,8939 y = 48,84 – 9,7680 y

48,84
y= = 2,765m
17,6619
( L / 2) − y (5 / 2) − 2,765
M- = . M FG =  9,7680 = 0,936 t.m (-)
y 2,765
Mmaks = M+ + M- = 13,844 – 0,936 = 12,908 t.m (+)
 Batang GH
RG = P7 + ½ q7 L = 2,7 + ½ (1,45 x 5) = 6,325 ton
MGH = 5,2120 tm ; MHG = -1,4357 tm P7 P8
MGO = 3,1259 tm ; MOG = 1,5629 tm
MHP = 1,4357 tm ; MPH = 0,7179 tm
G H
q7
5,2120 tm
(Mmaks pada D = 0)
(-) 1,4357 tm
Mx = (RG – P7) x – ½ q7 x2 (-)
(+)
dMx
=0 (RG – P7) – q7x = 0
dx
6,421 tm
6,325 − 2,7 O P
x = = 2,5 m
1,45
M+ = (RG – P7) x – ½ q7 x2
= [(6,325 – 2,7) x 2,5] – [½ x 1,45 x 2,52]
= 4,531 tm (+)
y/(L – y) = MGH/MHG
y 5,2120
=
5 − y 1,4357
48
1,4357 y = 26,06 – 5,2120 y

26,06
y= = 3,92m
6,647
y − ( L / 2) 3,92 − (5 / 2)
M- = . M GH =  5,2120 = 1,89 t.m
y 3,92
Mmaks = M+ + M- = 4,531 – 1,89 = 6,421 t.m (+)
3.1.3 Portal 4 - 4 (melintang)
P1 P2 P3 P4
q1 = q2 = 3,59 t/m
q3 = 2,64 t/m
P1 = 3,68 ton
A B C D P2 = 2,7 ton
q1 q2 q3
P3 = 2,5 ton
P4 = 0,38 ton
E F G H

EI
K=
L
K
Batang
Absolut Relatif
AB = BC EI/4 0,25
CD EI/2 0,50
AE = BF = CG = DH 1,6 EI/3,6 0,44

K1
FD =
K1 + K2
a. Titik A
49
 Batang AB
K AB 0,25
FD = = = 0,3623
K AB + K AE 0,25 + 0,44
 Batang AE
K AE 0,44
FD = = = 0,6377
K AE + K AB 0,44 + 0,25
b. Titik B
 Batang BA = BC
K BA 0,25
FD = = = 0,2659
K BA + K BC + K BF 0,25 + 0,25 + 0,44
 Batang BF
K BF 0,44
FD = = = 0,4681
K BF + K BA + K BC 0,44 + 0,25 + 0,25
c. Titik C
 Batang CB
K CB 0,25
FD = = = 0,2101
K CB + K CD + K CG 0,25 + 0,50 + 0,44
 Batang CD
K CD 0,50
FD = = = 0,4202
K CD + K CB + K CG 0,50 + 0,25 + 0,44
 Batang CG
K CG 0,44
FD = = = 0,3697
K CG + K CB + K CD 0,44 + 0,25 + 0,50
d. Titik D
 Batang DC
K DC 0,50
FD = = = 0,5319
K DC + K DH 0,50 + 0,44
 Batang DH
50
K DH 0,44
FD = = = 0,4681
K DH + K DC 0,44 + 0,50

1
MFAB = MFBC = /12 q1 L2 = 1/12 x 3,59 x 42 = 4,7867 t.m
MFBA = MFCB = - 1/12 q1 L2 = -4,7867 t.m
MFCD = 1/12 q3 L2 = 1/12 x 2,64 x 22 = 0,88 t.m
MFDC = - 1/12 q3 L2 = -0,88 t.m
D. Tabel cross
Bal
2

RA = P1 + ½ q1 L = 3,68 + [½ x 3,59 x 4] = 10,86 ton
RB = P2+[½q1 L]+[½ q2 L]= 2,7 +[½ x 3,59 x 4]+[½ x 3,59 x 4] = 17,06 ton
RC = P3+[½q2 L]+[½ q3 L]= 2,5 +[½ x 3,59 x 4]+[½ x 2,64 x 2] = 12,32 ton
RD = P4 + ½ q3 L = 0,38 + [½ x 2,64 x 2] = 3,02 ton

1 1
RE = RA + (MA-B + MB-A) = 10,86+ { 3,0929 + (-5,5385) } = 10,249 ton
L 4
1 1
RF = RB – (MB-A + MA-B) + (MB-C + MC-B)
L L
1 1
= 17,8 – { (-5,5385) + 3,0929 } + { 5,3151 + (-3,9201) }= 18,020 ton
4 4
1 1
RG = RC - (MC-B + MB-C) + (MC-D + MD-C)
L L
1 1
= 15 – { (-3,9201) +5,3151 } + { 2,5068 + (-0,0360) } = 13,207 ton
4 2
1 1
RH = RD - (MD-C + MC-D) = 5,18 – { (-0,0360) + 2,5068 }= 1,785 ton
L 2
51
HA = - [1/h] (MA-E + ME-A) = - [1/3,6] { (-3,0929) + (-1,5465) }= 1,2887 t

HB = - [1/h] (MB-F + MF-B)= - [1/3,6] { 0,2233 + 0,1117 }= - 0,0931 t
HC = - [1/h] (MC-G + MG-C) = - [1/3,6] { (1,4133) + (0,7067) }= - 0,5889 t
HD = - [1/h] (MD-H + MH-D) = - [1/3,6] { 0,0360 + 0,0180 }= - 0,015 t
52
H. Gaya lintang
1
DA-B = P1 + [½ q1 x L1] – (MA-B – MB-A)
L1
= 3,68 + [½ x 3,59 x 4] – (1/4) [(3,0929 – (-5,5385)] = 8,7022 ton

DB-A = DA-B – P1 – (q1 x L1 ) = 8,7022 – 3,68 – (3,59 x 4) = - 9,3378 ton
1
DB-C = P2 + [½ q2 . L2] – (MB-C – MC-B)
L2
= 2,7 + [½ x 3,59 x 4] – (1/4) [(5,3151 – (-3,9201)] = 7,5712 ton

DC-B = DB-C – P2 – (q2 x L2) = 7,5712 – 2,7 – (3,59 x 4) = - 9,4888 ton
1
DC-D = P3 + [½ q3 . L1] – (MC-D – MD-C)
L3
= 2,5 + [½ x 2,64 x 2] – (1/2) [( 2,5068 – (-0,0360)] = 4,5043 ton

DD-C = DC-D – P3 – (q3 x L3)= 4,5043 – 2,5 – (2,64 x 2) = - 3,2757 ton

 Batang AB
RA = P1 + ½ q1L = 3,68 + ½ (3,59 x 4) = 10,86 ton
MAB = 3,0929 t.m ; MBA = -5,5385 t.m P1 P2
MAE = -3,0929 t.m ; MEA = -1,5465 t.m
MBF = 0,2233 t.m ; MFB = 0,1117 t.m
A B
q1
Mx = (RA – P1) x – ½ q1 x2 3,0929 tm
(-)
dMx
(-)
=0 (RA – P1) – q1x = 0

dx (+)
5,956 tm
E F
53
R A − P1 10,86 − 3,68
x= = =2m
q1 3,59
M+ = (RA – P1) x – ½ q1 x2
= [(10,86 – 3,68) x 2] – [ ½ x 3,59 x 22 ]
= 7,18 t.m (+)
y 3,0929
=
4 − y 5,5385
5,5385 y = 12,3716 – 3,0929 y
12,3716
y= = 1,433m
8,6314
y − (L / 2 ) 1,433 − (4 / 2)
M- = . M AB =  3,0929 = 1,224 t.m (-)
y 1,433
Mmaks = M+ + M- = 7,18 – 1,224 = 5,956 t.m (+)
 Batang BC
RB = P2 + ½ q2 L2 = 2,7 + ½ (3,59x 4) = 9,88 ton
MBC = 5,3151 t.m ; MCB = -3,9201 t.m P2 P3
MBF = 0,2233 t.m ; MFB = 0,1117 t.m

MCG = 1,4133 t.m ; MGC = 0,7067 t.m
B C
q2
3,9201 tm
Mx = (RB – P2) x – ½ q2 x2
(-)
(-)
dMx
=0 (RB – P2) – q2x = 0
dx
(+)
9,88 − 2,7
x = =2m
3,59 7,8775 tm
F G
54

M+ = (RB – P2) x – ½ q2 x2
= [(9,88 – 2,7) x 2] – [ ½ x 3,59x 22 ]
= 7,18 t.m (+)
y 5,3151
=
4 − y 3,9201
3,9201 y = 21,2604 – 5,3151 y
21,2604
y= = 2,3021m
9,2352
y − ( L / 2) 2,321 − (4 / 2)
M- = . M BC =  5,3151 = 0,6975 t.m
y 2,3021
Mmaks = M+ + M- = 7,18 + 0,6975 = 7,8775 t.m (+)
 Batang CD
RC = P3 + ½ q3 L3 = 2,5 + ½ (2,64 x 2) = 5,14 ton
MCD = 2,5068 tm ; MDC = -0,0360 tm
P3 P4
MCG = 1,4133 tm ; MGC = 0,7067 tm
MDH = 0,0360 tm ; MHD = 0,0180 tm
(Mmaks pada D = 0)
Mx = (RC – P3) x – ½ q3 x2 C D
q3
dMx 2,5068 tm
=0 (RC – P3) – q3x = 0
dx
5,14 − 2,5
x = =1 m 0,0360 tm
2,64 0,0846 tm
Momen statis tertentu (M+) : G H
M+ = (RC – P3) x – ½ q3 x2
= [(5,14 – 2,5) x 1] – [½ x 2,64 x 12] = 1,32 tm (+)
55

y 2,5068
=
2 − y 0,0360
0,0360 y = 5,0136 – 2,5068 y
5,0136
y= = 1,9717m
2,5428
y − (L / 2 ) (2 / 2) − 1,9717
M- = . M CD =  2,5068 = 1,2354 t.m (-)
y 1,9717
Mmaks = M+ + M- = 1,32 – 1,2354 = 0,0846 t.m (+)
A B C D
H
E F G
56
3.1.4 Portal 7-7 (melintang)
P1 P2 P3 P4
q1 = q2 = 2,51t/m
q3 = 1,69 t/m
P1 = 4,69 ton
A B C D P2 = 2,7 ton
q1 q2 q3
P3 = 2,5 ton
P4 = 0,38 ton
E F G H

EI
K=
L
K
Batang
Absolut Relatif
AB = BC EI/4 0,25
CD EI/2 0,50
AE = BF = CG = DH 1,6 EI/3,6 0,44

K1
FD =
K1 + K2
a. Titik A
 Batang AB
57
K AB 0,25
FD = = = 0,3623
K AB + K AE 0,25 + 0,44
 Batang AE
K AE 0,44
FD = = = 0,6377
K AE + K AB 0,44 + 0,25
b. Titik B
 Batang BA = BC
K BA 0,25
FD = = = 0,2659
K BA + K BC + K BF 0,25 + 0,25 + 0,44
 Batang BF
K BF 0,44
FD = = = 0,4681
K BF + K BA + K BC 0,44 + 0,25 + 0,25
c. Titik C
 Batang CB
K CB 0,25
FD = = = 0,2101
K CB + K CD + K CG 0,25 + 0,50 + 0,44
 Batang CD
K CD 0,50
FD = = = 0,4202
K CD + K CB + K CG 0,50 + 0,25 + 0,44
 Batang CG
K CG 0,44
FD = = = 0,3697
K CG + K CB + K CD 0,44 + 0,25 + 0,50
d. Titik D
 Batang DC
K DC 0,50
FD = = = 0,5319
K DC + K DH 0,50 + 0,44
 Batang DH
K DH 0,44
FD = = = 0,4681
K DH + K DC 0,44 + 0,50
58

1
MFAB = MFCD = /12 q1 L2 = 1/12 x 2,51 x 42 = 3,3467 t.m
MFBA = MFDC = - 1/12 q1 L2 = -3,3467 t.m
MFBC = 1/12 q3 L2 = 1/12 x 1,69 x 22 = 0,5633 t.m
MFCB = - 1/12 q3 L2 = -0,5633 t.m
D. Tabel cross

Bal
2

RA = P1 + ½ q1 L = 4,69 + [½ x 2,51 x 4] = 9,71 ton
RB = P2+[½q1 L]+[½ q2 L]= 2,7 +[½ x 2,51 x 4]+[½ x 2,51 x 4] = 12,74 ton
RC = P3+[½q2 L]+[½ q3 L]= 2,5 +[½ x 2,51 x 4]+[½ x 1,69 x 2] = 9,21 ton
RD = P4 + ½ q3 L = 0,38 + [½ x 1,69 x 2] = 2,07 ton

1 1
RE = RA + (MA-B + MB-A) = 9,21 + { 2,4692 + (-2,9973) }= 9,5779 t
L 4
1 1
RF = RB – (MB-A + MA-B) + (MB-C + MC-B)
L L
1 1
= 12,74 – { (-2,9973) + 2,4692 } + { 1,1470 + (-0,9723) }= 12,916 t
4 4
1 1
RG = RC - (MC-B + MB-C) + (MC-D + MD-C)
L L
1 1
= 9,21 – { (-0,9723) +1,1470 } + { 2,6164 + (-2,0039) } = 9,4726 t
4 2
1 1
RH = RD - (MD-C + MC-D) = 2,07 – { (-2,0039) + 2,6164 }= 1,7638 t
L 2
HA = - [1/h] (MA-E + ME-A) = - [1/3,6] { (-2,4692) + (-1,2346) }= 1,0288 ton
59
HB = - [1/h] (MB-F + MF-B)= - [1/3,6] { 1,8499 + 0,9249 } = - 0,7707 ton

HC = - [1/h] (MC-G + MG-C) = - [1/3,6] { (-1,6441) + (-0,8220) }= 0,6850 ton
HD = - [1/h] (MD-H + MH-D) = - [1/3,6] { 2,0039 + 1,0019 } = - 0,8349 ton
60
H. Gaya lintang
1
DA-B = P1 + [½ q1 x L1] – (MA-B – MB-A)
L1
= 4,69 + [½ x 2,51 x 4] – (1/4) [(2,4692 – (-2,9973)] = 8,3434 ton

DB-A = DA-B – P1 – (q1 x L1 ) = 8,3434 – 4,69 – (2, 51 x 4) = - 6,3866 ton
1
DB-C = P2 + [½ q2 . L2] – (MB-C – MC-B)
L2
= 2,7 + [½ x 2,51x 4] – (1/4) [(1,1470 – (-0,9723)] = 7,1902 ton

DC-B = DB-C – P2 – (q2 x L2) = 7,1902 – 2,7 – (2,51 x 4) = - 5,5498 ton
1
DC-D = P3 + [½ q3 . L3] – (MC-D – MD-C)
L3
= 2,5 + [½ x 1,69 x 2] – (1/2) [( 2,6164 – (-2,0039)] = 1,8749 ton

DD-C = DC-D – P3 – (q3 x L3)= 1,8749 – 2,5 – (1,69 x 2) = - 4,0051 ton
 Batang AB
RA = P1 + ½ q1L = 4,69 + ½ (2,51 x 4) = 9,71 ton
MA-B = 2,4692 t.m ; MB-A = -2,9973 t.m
P1 P2
MA-E = -2,4692 t.m ; ME-A = -1,2346 t.m
MB-F = 1,8499 t.m ; MF-B = 0,9249 t.m
A B
q1

2,9973 tm
Mx = (RA – P1) x – ½ q1 x2 (-)

(-)
dMx
=0 (RA – P1) – q1x = 0
(+)
dx
R A − P1 9,71 − 4,69
x= = =2m 4,756 tm
q1 2,51 E F
61

M+ = (RA – P1) x – ½ q1 x2
= [(9,71 – 4,69) x 2] – [ ½ x 2,51 x 22 ]
= 5,02 t.m (+)
y 2,4692
=
4 − y 2,9973
2,9973 y = 9,8768 – 2,4692 y
9,8768
y= = 1,8068m
5,4665
y − (L / 2 ) 1,8068 − (4 / 2)
M- = . M AB =  2,4692 = 0,2640 t.m (-)
y 1,8068
Mmaks = M+ + M- = 5,02 – 0,2640 = 4,756 t.m (+)
 Batang BC
RB = P2 + ½ q2 L2 = 2,7 + ½ (2,51x 4) = 7,72 ton
MBC = 1,1470 t.m ; MCB = -0,9723 t.m P2 P3
MBF = 1,8499 t.m ; MFB = 0,9249 t.m

MCG = -1,6441 t.m ; MGC = -0,8220 t.m
B C
q2
(Mmaks pada D = 0)
Mx = (RB – P2) x – ½ q2 x2 1,1470 tm 0,9723 tm
(-) (-)
dMx
=0 (RB – P2) – q2x = 0 (+)
dx
F 5,0846 tm
G
62
7,72 − 2,7
x = =2 m
2,51

M+ = (RB – P2) x – ½ q2 x2
= [(7,72 – 2,7) x 2] – [ ½ x 2,51 x 22 ]
= 5,02 t.m (+)

y 1,1470
=
4 − y 0,9723
0,9723 y = 4,588 – 1,1470 y
4,588
y= = 21193m
2,1193
y − (L / 2 ) 2,1193 − (4 / 2)
M- = . M BC =  1,1470 = 0,0646 t.m (-)
y 2,1193
Mmaks = M+ + M- = 5,02 + 0,0646 = 5,0846 t.m (+)
 Batang CD
RC = P3 + ½ q3 L3 = 2,5 + ½ (1,69 x 2) = 4,19 ton
MCD = 2,6164 tm ; MDC = -2,0039 tm P3 P4
MCG = -1,6441 tm ; MGC = -0,8220 tm
MDH = 2,0039 tm ; MHD = 1,0019 tm
C D
(Mmaks pada D = 0)
q3
Mx = (RC – P3) x – ½ q3 x2 2,6164 tm
2,0039 tm
0,5379 tm
G H
63
dMx
=0 (RC – P3) – q3x = 0
dx
4,19 − 2,5
x = =1 m
1,69

M+ = (RC – P3) x – ½ q3 x2
= [(4,19 – 2,5) x 1] – [½ x 1,69 x 12] = 0,845 tm (+)

y 2,6164
=
2 − y 2,0039
2,0039 y = 5,2328 – 2,6164 y
5,2328
y= = 1,133m
4,6203
y − (L / 2 ) (2 / 2) − 1,133
M- = . M CD =  2,6164 = 0,3071 t.m (-)
y 1,133
Mmaks = M+ + M- = 0,845 – 0,3071 = 0,5379 t.m (+)
64
A B C D
E F G H
3.7 Momen Pada Pondasi

3.7.1 Beban normal pada pondasi
a. Portal (A-A)
Gaya Normal Kolom Berat Sloof (25/40) Berat Dinding Berat kolom Jumlah
Pondasi
Bawah (kg) (kg) Bawah (kg) (kg) (kg)
I1 11147- 4330 = 6817 240.½ (5+5) = 1200 918. ½ (5+5) = 4590 1382,4 13989,4
J1 17625 - 2400= 15225 240.½ (5+5+5) = 1800 918. ½ (5+5) = 4590 1382,4 22997,4
K1 16980- 2400 = 14580 240.½ (5+5+5) = 1800 918. ½ (5+5+5) = 6885 1382,4 24647,4
L1 17261 - 2400 = 14861 240.½ (5+5+5) = 1800 918. ½ (5+5) = 4590 1382,4 22633,4
M1 17026 – 2400 =14626 240.½ (5+5+5) = 1800 918. ½ (5+5+5) = 6885 1382,4 24693,4
N1 17241 – 2400 =14841 240.½ (5+5+5) = 1800 918. ½ (5+5) = 4590 1382,4 22613,4
O1 17378 – 2400=14978 240.½ (5+5+5) = 1800 918. ½ (5+5+5) = 6885 1382,4 25045,4
P1 7462 – 4330 = 3132 240.½ (5+5) = 1200 918. ½ (5+5) = 4590 1382,4 10304,4
b. Portal (B-B)
Pondasi Gaya Normal Kolom Berat Sloof (25/40) Berat Dinding Berat kolom Jumlah
65
I2 13599- 3300= 10299 240.½ (5+5+5) = 1800 918. ½ (5+5) = 4590 1382,4 18071,4
J2 25913 - 2700 = 23213 240.½ (5+5+5+5) = 2400 918. ½ (5+5) = 4590 1382,4 31585,4
K2 24744 - 2700 = 22044 240.½ (5+5+5+5) = 2400 918. ½ (5+5) = 4590 1382,4 30416,4
L2 24868 - 2700 = 22168 240.½ (5+5+5+5) = 2400 918. ½ (5+5) = 4590 1382,4 30540,4
M2 24797–2700 = 22097 240.½ (5+5+5+5) = 2400 918. ½ (5+5) = 4590 1382,4 30469,4
N2 25270 –2700 = 22570 240.½ (5+5+5+5) = 2400 918. ½ (5+5) = 4590 1382,4 30942,4
O2 25230 – 2700 =22530 240.½ (5+5+5+5) = 2400 918. ½ (5+5) = 4590 1382,4 30902,4
P2 6169,7– 3300 =2869,7 240.½ (5+5+5) = 1800 918. ½ (5+5) = 4590 1382,4 10642,1
c. Portal (4 – 4)
Pondasi
E4 10249 - 3680 = 6569 240.½ (5+5+5) = 1800 918. ½ (5+5) = 4590 1382,4 14341,4
F4 18020- 2700 = 15320 240.½ (5+5+5+5) = 2400 918. ½ (5+5) = 4590 1382,4 23692,4
G4 13207 - 2500 = 10707 240.½ (5+5+5+2) = 2040 918. ½ (5+5) = 4590 1382,4 18719,4
H4 1785- 380 = 1405 240.½ (5+5+2) = 1440 918. ½ (5+5) = 4590 1382,4 8817,4
d. Portal (7 – 7)
Pondasi
E7 9577,9 - 4690 = 4887,9 240.½ (5+5+5) = 1800 918. ½ (5+2) = 2754 1382,4 10824,3
F7 12916 - 2700 = 10216 240.½ (5+5+5+5) = 2400 918. ½ (5+5) = 4590 1382,4 18588,4
G7 9472,6 - 2500 = 6972,6 240.½ (5+5+5+5) = 2040 918. ½ (5+5) = 4590 1382,4 14985
H7 1763,8 - 380 = 1383,8 240.½ (5+5+2) = 1440 918. ½ (5+2) = 2754 1382,4 6960,2
Keterangan :
Berdasarkan SNI-1989, diketahui;
66
- Berat jenis beton bertulang : 2400 kg/m3

- Berat jenis bata merah : 1700 kg/m3
Gaya normal pada kolom = Reaksi pada kolom – P di atas kolom
Berat sloof (25/40) = 0,25 x 0,4 x 2400 x L = 240 L
Berat dinding bawah = 0,15 x 3,6 x 1700 x L = 918 L
Berat kolom atas (40/40) = 0,4 x 0,4 x 3,6 x 2400 = 1382,4 kg
3.7.2 Perhitungan momen pada pondasi

Ketentuan,
tanah = 1,4 kg/cm2 = 14 t/m2
beton = 2,4 t/m3
tanah = 1,7 t/m3
rata – rata = ½ (beton + tanah)
= ½ (2,4 + 1,7)
= 2,05 t/m3
Kedalaman pondasi direncanakan 2 m, sehingga :
tanah efektif = tanah – (rata – rata × kedalaman pondasi)
= 14 – (2,05 × 2)
= 10,925 t/m3
Direncanakan 2 estimasi ukuran lebar dan panjang (B) berdasarkan beban
maksimum pondasi (Pmaks pondasi) dan beban minimum pondasi (Pmin pondasi).
Berdasarkan beban normal pada pondasi diperoleh beban maksimum
(Pmaks) adalah 31585,4 kg = 31,5854 ton dan beban minimum (Pmin) adalah
6960,2kg = 6,9602 ton.
• Ukuran pondasi berdasarkan Pmaks pondasi
Luas telapak pondasi (A)
Pmaks pondasi
A =
 tan ah efektif
31,5854
= = 2,891 m2
10,925
67
Penampang pondasi berbentuk persegi, maka ukuran dimensi pondasi (B),

B = A
= 2,891 = 1,7 m
• Ukuran pondasi berdasarkan Pmin pondasi

Luas telapak pondasi (A)
Pmin pondasi
A =
 tan ah efektif
6,9602
= = 0,637m2
10,925
Penampang pondasi berbentuk persegi, maka ukuran dimensi pondasi (B),

B = A
= 0,637 = 0,798 m ≈ 1 m
Tebal pondasi tapak biasanya ditentukan berdasarkan persyaratan kuat
geser. Ketebalan pondasi harus mampu mendukung tegangan geser pons (geser
dua arah sumbu). Tegangan ini timbul karena kolom cenderung untuk mendesak
melubangi plat telapak pondasi yang mengakibatkan timbulnya tegangan di
sepanjang keliling kolom.
1. Pondasi ( 1,7 x 1,7 ) m2
30
130
30
30 170
70
40
170 150
Beban di atas pondasi P = 31585,4 kg
68
Berat sendiri kolom = 0,3 x 0,3 x (1,7 – 0,4) x 2400 = 280,8 kg

Berat sendiri tapak = 1,7 x 1,7 x 0,4 x 2400 = 2160 kg
Beban total (Wu) = 34026,2 kg
Wu 34026,2
σytb = = = 1,177 kg/cm2 ≤ 1,4 kg/cm2 ............... (aman)
BxL 170 x170
Direncanakan :
Tebal pondasi (h) = 40 cm = 400 mm
Selimut beton (s) = 70 mm
Diameter tulangan = 19 mm untuk masing-masing arah
Maka, tinggi efektif (d) = 400 – 70 – 19 = 311 mm

Lebar penampang kritis (B') = lebar kolom + 2 (½ d) = 30 + 2 (½ 31,1) = 61,1 cm
Gaya geser total yang bekerja pada penampang kritis adalah :
Vu = σytb (B2 – B'2) = 1,177 (1702 – 61,12) = 29621,311 kg
Kuat geser beton :

Vc = 4 f 'c . bod
di mana :
βc = Perbandingan antara sisi kolom terpanjang dan sisi kolom terpendek = 1
bo = Perimeter, yakni keliling penampang yang terdapat tegangan geser
bo = 4 B’ = 4 x 61,1 = 244,4 mm
f' c = Kuat tekan beton yang direncanakan = 30 MPa = 300 kg/cm2
Vc = 4 300  244,4  31,1 B=170cm
= 526601,642 kg
Ø Vn = Ø Vc = 0,60 × 526601,642
= 368621,149 kg B'
Syarat geser pondasi,

Vu < ø Vc
29621,311 kg < 368621,149 kg (aman) 1
2 d 30 1
2 d
69
Momen pada arah a = b :

Ma = [½ . b' . c' .1/3 c' . σytb ] + [½ b' . c' 2/3c' . σytb]
= [½ x 30 x 70 x 1/3 70 x 1,177] + [½ x 30 x 70 x 2/3 70 x 1,177]
= 86509,5 kg.cm
2. Pondasi ( 1 x 1 ) m2
30
130
30
30 100
35
40
100
100
Beban di atas pondasi P = 6960,2 kg

Berat sendiri kolom = 0,3 x 0,3 x (1,5 – 0,4) x 2400 = 237,6 kg
Berat sendiri tapak = 1 x 1 x 0,4 x 2400 = 960 kg
Beban total (Wu) = 8157,8 kg
Wu 8157,8
σytb = = = 0,81578 kg/cm2 ≤ 1,4 kg/cm2 ............... (aman)
BxL 100 x100
Direncanakan :
Tebal pondasi (h) = 40 cm = 400 mm
Maka, tinggi efektif (d) = 400 – 70 – 19 = 311 mm
Lebar penampang kritis (B') = lebar kolom + 2 (½ d) = 30 + 2 (½ 31,1) = 61,1 cm
70
Gaya geser total yang bekerja pada penampang kritis adalah :

Vu = σytb (B2 – B'2) = 0,81578 (1002 – 61,12) = 5112,322 kg
Kuat geser beton :

Vc = 4 f 'c . bod
di mana :
βc = Perbandingan antara sisi kolom terpanjang dan sisi kolom terpendek = 1
bo = Perimeter, yakni keliling penampang yang terdapat tegangan geser
bo = 4 B’ = 4 x 61,1 = 244,4 mm
f' c = Kuat tekan beton yang direncanakan = 30 MPa = 300 kg/cm2
Vc = 4 300  244,4  31,1

= 526601,642 kg B = 100 cm
Ø Vn = Ø Vc = 0,60 × 526601,642
= 315960,985 kg
Syarat geser pondasi, B'
Vu < ø Vc
5112,322 kg < 315960,985 kg (aman)
Momen pada arah a = b :
Ma = [½ . b' . c' .1/3 c' . σytb ] + [½ b' . c' 2/3c' . σytb] 1
2 d 30 1
2 d
= [½ x 30 x 35 x 1/3 35 x 0,81578] + [½ x 30 x 35 x 2/3 35 x 0,81578]
= 14989,958 kg.cm
Tabel Pemilihan dimensi pondasi
Pembulatan F design
Pondasi P (kg) P (ton) A (m) A (m) (m) (m)
Portal A-A
13989,4 13,99 1,281 1,132 1,2 1,7 x 1,7
I
22997,4 22,99 2,104 1,451 1,5 1,7 x 1,7
J
24647,4 24,65 2,256 1,501 1,6 1,7x 1,7
K
22633,4 22,63 2,071 1,439 1,5 1,7 x 1,7
L
71
24693,4 24,69 2,259 1,503 1,6 1,7 x 1,7

M
22613,4 22,61 2,069 1,438 1,5 1,7 x 1,7
N
25045,4 25,05 2,923 1,70 1,7 1,7 x 1,7
O
10304,4 10,30 0,943 0,971 1 1x1
P
Portal B-B
18071,4 18,07 1,654 1,286 1,3 1,7 x 1,7
I
31585,4 31,59 2,892 1,700 1,7 1,7x 1,7
J
30,416,4 30,42 2,784 1,668 1,7 1,7 x 1,7
K
30540,4 30,54 2,795 1,672 1,7 1,7 x 1,7
L
30469,4 30,47 2,789 1,670 1,7 1,7 x 1,7
M
30942,4 30,94 2,832 1,683 1,7 1,7 x 1,7
N
30902,4 30,90 2,828 1,682 1,7 1,7 x 1,7
O
10642,1 10,64 0,974 0,987 1 1x1
P
Portal 4 – 4
14341,4 14,34 1,313 1,146 1,2 1,7 x 1,7
E
23692,4 23,69 2,168 1,472 1,5 1,7x 1,7
F
18719,4 18,72 1,714 1,309 1,4 1,7 x 1,7
G
8817,4 8,82 0,807 0,898 1 1x1
H
Portal 7 - 7
10824,3 10,82 0,990 0,995 1 1x1
E
18588,4 18,59 1,702 1,305 1,4 1,7 x 1,7
F
14985 14,99 1,372 1,171 1,2 1,7 x 1,7
G
6960,2 6,96 0,637 0,798 0,8 1 x1
H
72
BAB IV
PENDIMENSIAN TULANGAN
Mutu bahan yang digunakan dalam perencanaan ini :

- Baja tulangan memanjang (fy) = 350 MPa = 3500 kg/cm2
- Baja tulangan sengkang (fys) = 300 MPa = 3000 kg/cm2
- Beton (f’c) = 30 MPa = 300 kg/cm2
Perhitungan perencanaan didasarkan pada peraturan SKSNI-T-15-1991-

03. Rumus-rumus yang digunakan :
 Luas tulangan pokok
As = ρ . b . d
 Luas tulangan pembagi
Sesuai dengan SKSNI-T-15-1991-03 Pasal 3.16.12, dimana dalam arah tegak
lurus tulangan utama harus disediakan tulangan pembagi untuk tegangan susut
dan suhu dimana luas tulangan pembagi dapat dicari sebagai berikut :
0,25 b h
As = ……..untuk (fy) = 240 MPa
100
0,18 b h
As = ……..untuk (fy) = 400 MPa
100
 Luas tulangan tekan
As' = 0,5 As
 Koefisien ketahanan :
73
Dalam mencari nilai koefisein ketahanan , lebar (b) yang digunakan ialah
lebar bentang 1 meter lebar. Jadi lebar (b) = 1,0 m.
M
k=
bd 2
 Kontrol tegangan
Mu
Mn 0,8
fy = =
As(d − a 2 ) As(d − a 2 )
Mu
Mn 0 ,8
f’c = =
0 ,85.a.b.(d − a 2 ) 0 ,85.a.b.(d − a 2 )
C = 0,85 a.b.f’c
T = As. fy
 Batas maksimum rasio penulangan
ρmaks = 0,75 ρb
(0 ,85f'c  1 ) 600
ρb =
fy (600 + fy )
 Batas minimum rasio penulangan

1, 4 1, 4
ρmin = = = 0,004 MPa
fy 350
ρmax = 0,0293
 Eksentrisitas
Agr = b . h
Atot = ρ . Agr
Mu
e=
Pu
 Geser
Vu
Vu =
a.b
As =
( Vu −  Vc ).b.y
 fy
Keterangan :
74
a = tinggi balok (m)

Agr = luas bruto penampang (mm2)
As = luas tulangan tarik (mm2)
b = lebar daerah tekan komponen terstruktur
e = eksentrisitas gaya terhadap sumbu
f’c = kuat tekan beton (MPa)
fy = tegangan luluh baja tulangan (MPa)
h = tebal atau tinggi total komponen terstruktur (mm)
Mn = kuat momen nominal penampang (Nm)
Mu = momen terfaktor pada penampang (Nm)
Pu = beban aksial terfaktor pada eksentrisitas yang diberikan <  Pn
Vu = Gaya geser terfaktor (MPa)
Vc = Gaya geser izin beton (MPa)
As
ρ = = rasio penulangan tarik
bd
 = faktor reduksi kekuatan = 0,8
4.1 Pendimensian Tangga

4.1.1 Plat tangga
Tangga atas = tangga bawah
Direncanakan plat tangga :
Tebal (h) = 15 cm = 150 mm
Lebar (b) = 240 cm = 2400 mm
Diameter tulangan utama =  12 mm
Tebal selimut beton (s) = 20 mm
Tinggi efektif (d) = h – s – ½  = 150 – 20 – ½ (12) = 124 mm
 Pembesian momen lapangan

Mlap = 685,523 kgm = 6,856 kNm → (lihat 3.1.1 Plat tangga hal 16)
Menentukan nilai k (koefisien ketahanan) :
75
M lap 6,856  10 6
k= = = 0,232 Mpa
bd 2 0,8(2400)(124) 2
Berdasarkan tabel A.23 Struktur Beton Bertulang diperoleh  = 0,0040. Luas
tulangan tarik (As) adalah:
As =  × b × d = 0,0040 × 2400 × 124 = 1190,4 mm2
Berdasarkan tabel A.5 Struktur Beton Bertulang diperoleh ø 12 – 50 mm
dengan luas tulangan tarik (As) adalah 2261,9 mm2.
Digunakan ø 12 – 50 mm
 Pembesian momen tumpuan
Mtu = 1371,045 kgm = 13,710 kNm → (lihat 3.1.1 Plat tangga hal 16)
M tu 13,71x10 6
k= = = 0,464 MPa
bd 2 0,8(2400)(124) 2
Berdasarkan tabel A.23 Struktur Beton Bertulang diperoleh  = 0,0040. Luas
tulangan tarik (As) adalah:
As =  × b × d = 0,0040 × 2400 × 124 = 1190,4 mm2
Berdasarkan tabel A.5 Struktur Beton Bertulang diperoleh ø 12 – 50 mm
dengan luas tulangan tarik (As) adalah 2261,9 mm2.
Digunakan ø 12 – 50 mm
Tulangan susut :
0,25 b h 0,25(2400)(150)
As = = = 900 mm2
100 100
Dari tabel A-5 digunakan tulangan susut :  12 – 100 (As = 1131,0 mm2)
4.1.2 Balok bordes

Direncanakan balok bordes :
Tebal (h) = 300 mm
Lebar (b) = 200 mm
Diameter tulangan utama (u) = 19 mm
76
Diameter tulangan sengkang (s) = 10 mm

Tinggi efektif (d) = h – s – s – ½ u = 300 – 40 – 10 – ½ (19) = 240,5 mm

Mlap = 2116 kgm = 21,16 kNm → lihat subbab 3.2.2 halaman 17
Mu = 21,16 kNm
Mu 21,16.10 6
k= = = 2,286 MPa
bd 2 0,8(200)(240,5) 2
Berdasarkan tabel Α23 diperoleh nilai : ρ = 0,0069
Luas tulangan tarik (As) adalah:
As = ρ.b.d = 0,0069 x 200 x 240,5 = 331,89 mm2
Berdasarkan tabel A-4 digunakan tulangan tarik : 2  19 (As = 567 mm2)
Cek jarak tulangan :
b = 2 (selimut beton) + 2 (sengkang) + 2 (tul. utama) + (x)
200 = 2 (40) + 2 (10) + 2 (19) + (x)
x = 62 mm > 25 mm ............ (memenuhi)
Untuk menjaga susunan ikatan, maka digunakan tulangan tekan :
Tulangan tekan (As’)
As’ = 0,5 As
= 0,5 x 331,89 = 165,95 mm²
Digunakan tulangan tekan 2  19 (As = 567 mm2)

Mtu = 4232 kgm = 42,32 kNm → lihat subbab 3.2.2 halaman 17 (Beton)
Mu = 42,32 kNm
Mu 42,32 x 10 6
k= = = 4,573 MPa
bd 2 0,8(200)(240,5) 2
Berdasarkan tabel Α23 diperoleh nilai : ρ = 0,0146
77
Luas tulangan tarik (As) adalah:

As = ρ.b.d = 0,0146 x 200 x 240,5 = 702,26 mm2
Luas tulangan = ¼  D2 = ¼  (19)2 = 283,529 mm2

As
Jumlah tulangan yang dibutuhkan (n) =
Luas tulangan
702,26
= = 2,48  3
283,529
Berdasarkan tabel A-4 digunakan tulangan tarik : 3  19 (As = 850,5 mm2)

b = 2 (selimut beton) + 2 (sengkang) + 2 (tul. utama) + 2 (x)
200 = 2 (40) + 2 (10) + 2 (19) +2 x
x = 31 mm > 25 mm ....... (memenuhi)
2  12 (As = 567 mm2)
4.1.3 Plat bordes

Direncanakan:
Tebal (h) = 15 cm = 150 mm
Lebar (b) = 140 cm = 1400 mm
Diameter tulangan utama =  14 mm
Besarnya momen yang terjadi → lihat subbab 3.2.1 halaman 17 (Beton)
Tinggi efektif (d) :
dx =h–s–½ø = 150 – 40 – ½ (14) = 103 mm
dy = h – s - ø - ½ ø = 150 – 40 – 14 – ½ (14) = 89 mm
Tabel 4.1 Penulangan plat bordes

Mu Mu As = ρbd
M Mu ρ Tulangan
(kg.m) (kN.m) k = bd 2 (mm2)
78
MLx 132,529 1,32 0,111109 0,0040 576,8 14-250

MLy 27,347 0,273 0,03077 0,0040 498,4 14-250
Mty 262,954 2,629 0,29634 0,0040 498,4 14-250
4.2 Pembesian Plat Lantai

Direncanakan plat lantai :
Tebal (h) = 15 cm = 150 mm
Lebar (b) = 1 m (ditinjau per meter) = 1000 mm
Diameter tulangan utama ( u ) = 14 mm
Tinggi efektif (d) :
dx = h – s – ½  = 150 – 40 – ½ (14) = 103mm
dy = h – s –  – ½  = 150 – 40 – 14 – ½ (14) = 89mm
Penulangan plat lantai dapat dilihat pada tabel berikut ini :
 Tipe 1
Besarnya momen yang terjadi → lihat subbab 3.5 halaman 21 (Beton)
Mu Mu Mu As = ρbd
M k= ρ Tulangan
(kg.m) (kN.m) bd 2 (mm2)
MLx 422,534 4,225 0,4978 0,0040 412 Ø 14-350
MLy 279,302 2,793 0,4408 0,0040 356 Ø 14-400
Mtx 952,493 9,524 1,1221 0,0040 412 Ø 14-350
Mty 809,261 8,092 1,2769 0,0040 356 Ø 14-400
 Tipe 2
Besarnya momen yang terjadi → lihat subbab 3.5 halaman 21-22 (Beton)
Mu Mu Mu As = ρbd
M k= ρ Tulangan
(kg.m) (kN.m) bd 2 (mm2)
MLx 150,394 1,503 0,1771 0,0040 496 Ø 12-200
MLy 35,808 0,358 0,0565 0,0040 448 Ø 12-250
Mtx 297,206 2,972 0,3502 0,0040 496 Ø 12-200
79
Mty 204,106 2,041 0,3221 0,0040 448 Ø 12-250
4.3 Pembesian Balok Lantai (Portal)

4.3.1 Portal memanjang
Direncanakan :
Tebal (h) = 40 cm = 400 mm
Lebar (b) = 25 cm = 250 mm

Mu = 10,3439 tm = 103,439 kNm → lihat tabel cross halaman 39 (Beton)
Mu 103,439.10 6
k= = = 4,540 MPa → ρ = 0,0144
bd 2 0,8(250)(337,5) 2
As = ρ.b.d = 0,0144x 250 x 337,5 = 1215 mm2

As
Luas tulangan
1215
= = 2,47  3
490,87
Berdasarkan tabel A-4 digunakan tulangan tarik : 3  25(As = 1472,6 mm2)

250 = 2 (40) + 2 (10) + 3 (25) + 2x
x = 50mm > 25 mm ....... (memenuhi)
80
2  25 (As = 981,8 mm2)

Mu = 10,156tm = 101,56 kNm → lihat halaman 49 (Beton)
Mu 101,56.10 6
k= = = 4,458 MPa → ρ = 0,0141
bd 2 0,8(250)(337,5) 2
Luas tulangan tarik(As) adalah:

As = ρ.b.d = 0,0141 x 250 x 337,2 = 1189,69 mm2

As
Luas tulangan
1189,69
= = 2,423  3
490,87
Berdasarkan tabel A-4 digunakan tulangan : 3  25(As = 1472,6 mm2)

250 = 2 (40) + 2 (10) + 3 (25) + 2 (x)
x = 37,56 mm > 25 mm ............... (memenuhi)

2  25 (As = 981,8 mm2)
 Perhitungan geser
Syarat diperlukannya sengkang apabila :
Vu > ½ ØVc; dimana Vc adalah kemampuan beton tanpa penulangan geser
dalam menahan gaya geser yang timbul.
Vu = 15739 kg = 15,739 kN → lihat halaman 42 (Beton)
81
Vc = 1
6 fc b.d = 1
6 30 (250)(337,5).10 −3 = 77,023 kN
½ ØVc = ½ (0,6) (77,023) = 23,107 kN
Vu < ½ ØVc
15,739 kN > 23,107 kN → maka tidak diperlukan sengkang.
Meskipun secara teoritis tidak diperlukan tulangan geser tapi peraturan
mengharuskan untuk selalu menyediakan tulangan geser minimum untuk
menjaga timbulnya beban tak terduga.
Av = 2 Ø 10 = 157 mm²
3A v fy 3(157)(300)
Smaks = = = 706,5 mm
b 200
Jadi sengkang yang digunakan :  10 – 300
4.3.2 Portal melintang
Direncanakan :
Tebal (h) = 40 cm = 400 mm
Lebar (b) = 25 cm = 250 mm
Diameter tulangan utama (u) = 25mm

Mu = 5,5385 tm = 55,385 kNm → lihat tabel cross halaman 53 (Beton)
Mu 55,385.10 6
k= = = 2,431 Mpa → ρ = 0,0074
bd 2 0,8(250)(337,5) 2
As = ρ.b.d = 0,0074 x 250 x 337,5 = 624,375 mm2

As
Luas tulangan
82
624,375
= = 1,272  2
490,87
Berdasarkan tabel A-4 digunakan tulangan tarik : 2  25 (As = 981,8 mm2)
250 = 2 (40) + 2 (10) + 2 (25) + x
x = 100 mm > 25 mm ....... (memenuhi)
2  25(As = 981,8 mm2)

Mu = 7,8775 tm = 78,775 kNm → lihat halaman 56 (Beton)
Mu 78,775.10 6
k= = = 3,457 MPa → ρ = 0,0107
bd 2 0,8(250)(337,5) 2
As = ρ.b.d = 0,0107x 250 x 337,5 = 902,813 mm2

As
Luas tulangan
902,813
= = 1,839  2
490,87
Berdasarkan tabel A-4 digunakan tulangan tarik : 2  25(As = 981,8 mm2)

250 = 2 (40) + 2 (10) + 2 (25) + x
x = 100 mm > 25 mm ....... (memenuhi)
2  25 (As = 981,8 mm2)
83
Vu = 9,4888 t = 94,888 kN → lihat halaman 54 (Beton)
Vc = 1
6 fc b.d = 1
6 30 (250)(337,5).10 −3 = 77,023 kN
½ ØVc = ½ (0,6) (77,023) = 23,107 kN
Vu > ½ ØVc
94,888 kN > 23,107 kN → maka diperlukan sengkang.
Gaya geser yang ditahan oleh sengkang (Vs)

Vu 94,888
Vs perlu = − Vc = − 77,023 = 81,124 kN
 0,6
Vs = 1
3 fc b.d = 1
3 30 (250)(337,5).10 −3 = 154,047 kN
Vs perlu < Vs, spasi maksimum ditentukan dari nilai terkecil dari ½ d, jarak
maksimal 600 mm.
d 337,5
S= = = 168,75 mm, diambil jarak sengkang 250 mm.
2 2
s.Vsperlu 150 (81,124.10 3 )
Av = = = 200,306 mm2
f y .d 300 (337,5)
4.4 Pembesian Ringbalk

4.4.1 Ring balok memanjang
Direncanakan :
Tebal (h) = 300 mm
Lebar (b) = 200 mm
84


Mu = 360 kg = 3,6 kNm → lihat subbab 3.3.1 halaman 18 (Beton)
Mu 3,6.10 6
k= = = 0,389 MPa → ρ = 0,0040
bd 2 0,8(200)(240,5) 2
As = ρ.b.d = 0,004 x 200 x 240,5 = 192,4 mm2
As
Luas tulangan
192,4
= = 0,679  2
283,53

200 = 2 (40) + 2 (10) + 2 (19) + (x)
x = 62 mm > 25 mm ............ (memenuhi)

2  19 (As = 567 mm2)

Mu = 257,143 kgm = 2,571 kNm → lihat subbab 3.3.1 halaman 18 (Beton)
Mu 2,571.10 6
k= = = 0,2778 MPa → ρ = 0,004
bd 2 0,8(200)(240,5) 2
As = ρ.b.d = 0,004 x 200 x 240,5 = 192,4 mm2
85

As
Luas tulangan
192,4
= = 0,679  2
283,53
200 = 2 (40) + 2 (10) + 2 (19) + (x)
x = 62 mm > 25 mm ............ (memenuhi)
2  19(As = 567 mm2)
Vu = 360kg = 3,6 kN → lihat subbab 3.3.1 halaman 18 (Beton)
Vc = 1
6 f c b.d = 1
6 30(200)(240,5).10−3 = 43,909 kN
½ ØVc = ½ (0,6) (43,909) = 13,173 kN

Vu < ½ ØVc
3,6 kN < 13,173 kN → maka tidak diperlukan sengkang
Av = 2 Ø 10 = 157 mm2
3A v fy 3(157)(300)
Smaks = = = 706,5 mm
b 200
4.4.2 Ringbalk melintang

Direncanakan :
86
Tebal (h) = 300 mm

Lebar (b) = 200 mm

Mu 8,75.10 6
k= = = 0,945 MPa → ρ = 0,004
bd 2 0,8(200)(240,5) 2
As = ρ.b.d = 0,004 x 200 x 240,5 = 192,4 mm2

As
Luas tulangan
192,4
= = 0,679  2
283,53

200 = 2 (40) + 2 (10) + 2 (19) + (x)
x = 62 mm > 25 mm ............ (memenuhi)
2  19 (As = 567 mm2)

87
Mu 6,256.10 6
k= = = 0,676 MPa → ρ = 0,004
bd 2 0,8(200)(240,5) 2
As = ρ.b.d = 0,004 x 200 x 240,5 = 192,4 mm2

As
Luas tulangan
192,4
= = 0,679  2
283,53

200 = 2 (40) + 2 (10) + 2 (19) + (x)
x = 62 mm > 25 mm ............ (memenuhi)
2  19 (As = 567 mm2)
Vu = 1094,866 kg = 10,95 kN → lihat subbab 3.3.2 halaman 19 (Beton)
Vc = 1
6 f c b.d = 1
6 30(200)(240,5).10−3 = 43,909 kN
½ ØVc = ½ (0,6) (43,909) = 13,173 kN

Vu < ½ ØVc
10,95 kN < 13,173 kN → maka tidak diperlukan sengkang
Av = 2 Ø 10 = 157 mm2
88
3A v fy 3(157)(300)
Smaks = = = 706,5 mm
b 200
4.5 Pembesian Sloof

4.5.1 Sloof memanjang
Direncanakan :
Tebal (h) = 400 mm
Lebar (b) = 250 mm

Mu = 3660 kgm = 36,6 kNm → lihat subbab 3.4.1 halaman 19 (Beton)
Mu 36,6.10 6
k= = = 1,578 MPa → ρ = 0,0047
bd 2 0,8(250)(340,5) 2
As = ρ.b.d = 0,0047 x 250 x 340,5 = 400,09 mm2

As
Luas tulangan
400,09
= = 1,41  2
283,53
Berdasarkan tabel A-4 digunakan tulangan : 2  19 (As = 567 mm2)

250 = 2 (40) + 2 (10) + 2 (19) + (x)
x = 62 mm > 25 mm .............. (memenuhi)
89

2  19 (As = 567 mm2)

Mu 26,143.10 6
k= = =1,127 MPa → ρ = 0,004
bd 2 0,8(250)(340,5) 2
As = ρ.b.d = 0,004 x 250 x 340,5 = 340,5 mm2
As
Luas tulangan
340,5
= = 1,2  2
283,53

250 = 2 (40) + 2 (10) + 2 (19) + (x)
x = 62 mm > 25 mm .............. (memenuhi)
2  19 (As = 567 mm2)
Vu = 3660 kg = 36,6 kN → lihat subbab 3.4.1 halaman 20 (Beton)
Vc = 1
6 f c b.d = 1
6 30(250)(340,5).10−3 = 77,708 kN
½ ØVc = ½ (0,6) (77,708) = 23,312 kN
90
36,6 kN > 23,312 kN

Vu > ½ ØVc → maka diperlukan sengkang.
Vu 36,6
Vs perlu = − Vc = − 77,708 = 16,708 kN
 0,6
Vs = 1
3 fc b.d = 1
3 30(250)(340,5).10−3 = 155,416 kN
maksimal 600 mm.
d 337,5
S= = = 168,75 mm, diambil jarak sengkang 200 mm.
2 2
s.Vsperlu 200 (16,708.10 3 )
Av = = = 32,713 mm2
f y .d 300 (340,5)
4.5.2 Sloof melintang

Direncanakan :
Tebal (h) = 400 mm
Lebar (b) = 250 mm

Mu 23,424.10 6
k= = = 1,010 MPa → ρ = 0,004
bd 2 0,8(250)(340,5) 2
As = ρ.b.d = 0,004 x 250 x 340,5 = 340,5 mm2
91
As
Luas tulangan
340,5
= = 1,2  2
283,53
250 = 2 (40) + 2 (10) + 2 (19) + (x)
x = 62 mm > 25 mm ............... (memenuhi)

2  19 (As = 567 mm2)

Mu = 1673,143 kgm = 16,731 kNm→ lihat subbab 3.4.2 halaman 20 (Beton)
Mu 16,731.10 6
k= = = 0,722 MPa → ρ = 0,004
bd 2 0,8(250)(340,5) 2
As = ρ.b.d = 0,004 x 250 x 340,5 = 340,5 mm2

As
Luas tulangan
340,5
= = 1,2  2
283,53

250 = 2 (40) + 2 (10) + 2 (19) + (x)
x = 112 mm > 25 mm .............. (memenuhi)
92
2  19 (As = 567 mm2).

Vu = 2928 kg = 29,28 kN → lihat subbab 3.4.2 halaman 20 (Beton)
Vc = 1
6 f c b.d = 1
6 30(250)(340,5).10−3 = 77,708 kN
½ ØVc = ½ (0,6) (77,708) = 23,312 kN

Vu > ½ ØVc
29,28 kN > 23,312 kN → maka diperlukan sengkang.
Vu 29,28
Vs perlu = − Vc = − 77,708 = 28,908 kN
 0,6
Vs = 1
3 fc b.d = 1
3 30(250)(340,5).10−3 = 155,416 kN
3A v fy
maksimal 600 dan Smaks = dimana Av = 2 Ø 10 = 157 mm2.
b
S = ½ d = 0,5 x 340,5 = 170,25 mm, diambil jarak sengkang 200 mm
s.Vsperlu 150 (28,908.10 3 )
Av = = = 56,599 mm2
f y .d 300 (340,5)
4.6 Pendimensian Kolom

Direncanakan ukuran kolom :
b = 40cm = 400 mm fy = 350 Mpa
h = 40 cm = 400 mm fys = 300 Mpa
f c' = 30 Mpa
Diketahui :
Pu = 23213 kg = 232,13 kN → lihat tabel portal B - B hal 66 (Gaya normal maks)
Mu = 13,959 tm = 139,59 kNm → lihat subbab 3.1.2 halaman 49 (nilai Mmaks)
93
Agr = b x h = 400 x 400 = 160000 mm2.

Ditaksir jumlah penulangan 2%
As
 = ' = = 0 ,01
bd
d’ dianggap sejarak 0,15 h dari tepi penampang

d’ = 0,15 (400) = 60 mm
d = h – d’ = 400 – 60 = 340 mm
 Eksentrisitas
M u 139,59 .10 3
e= = = 601,344 mm
Pu 232,13
As = As’ = ρ b d = 0,01 x 400 x 340 = 1360 mm2
(nilai 0,01  ρ  0,08  Struktur Beton Bertulang (Istimawan, hal 292).
Direncanakan :
Tinggi (h) : 40 cm
Lebar (b) : 40 cm
Diameter tulangan utama : ø 25 mm
Diameter tulangan sengkang : ø 10 mm
Tebal selimut beton (s) : 40 mm
Tinggi efektif (d) = h – s – ø s – ½ ø

= 400 – 40 – 10 – ½ (25) = 337,5 mm
Koefisien ketahanan (k),
MU 13,959  10 −3
k= = = 0,383 MPa
  b  d2 0,8  0,4  0,3375 2
Berdasarkan tabel A-10 diperoleh Rasio penulangan () = 0,0040.

Luas tulangan tarik (As) =  × Abr = 0,0040 × 160000 = 640 mm2.
Berdasarkan tabel A-4 Struktur Beton Bertulang diperoleh tulangan tarik
2 ø 25 mm.
Digunakan tulangan 2 ø 25 (981,8 mm2)
94
Tulangan geser digunakan ø 10 dengan jarak sengkang ditentukan dari

nilai terkecil dari :
- 16 × ø tul. utama = 16 × 25 = 400mm
- 48 × ø tul. Sengkang = 48 × 10 = 480 mm
- Dimensi terkecil kolom = 400 mm
Digunakan tulangan sengkang ø 10 – 300 mm
4.7 Pendimensian Pondasi

4.7.1 Pondasi 1,7 m x 1,7 m
Direncanakan :
Ukuran pondasi : (170 x 170)cm2
Tebal pondasi (h) : 400 mm
Selimut beton (s) : 70 mm
Diameter tulangan : 19 mm untuk masing-masing arah
Gaya geser total (Vu) = 29621,311 kg → lihat halaman 70 (Beton)
Momen (Ma) = 86509,5 kg.cm → lihat halaman 70 (Beton)
Maka, tinggi efektif (d) = 400 – 70 – ½ (19) = 320,5 mm
Tegangan tanah yang terjadi akibat Vu dan Mjepit adalah :

29621,311 86509,5
σgr maks = +1 = 1,025 + 0,106 = 1,131 kg/cm2
170 x 170 6 x 170 x 170 2
σgr min = 1,025 – 0,106 = 0,919 kg/cm2
Untuk pondasi diambil wu = 1,131 kg/cm2

Mu = wu × c' × ½ c' × B
= 1,131 × 70 × ½ × 70 ×170
= 471061,5 kg.cm = 4710,615 kg.m = 47,106 kNm
Perencanaan batang tulangan baja :
Mu 47,106.10 6
k= = = 0,337 Mpa → ρ = 0,004
b.d 2 0,8 (1700)(320,5) 2
95
As = ρ.b.d = 0,004 x 1000 x 320,5 = 1282 mm2

Digunakan tulangan :  19 – 200 (As = 1417,6 mm2)
4.7.2 Pondasi ( 1 x 1 ) m2
Direncanakan :
Ukuran pondasi = (100 x 100) cm2
Tebal pondasi (h) = 400 mm
Gaya geser total (Vu) = 5112,322 kg → lihat halaman 71 (Beton)
Momen (Ma) = 14989,958 kg.cm → lihat halaman 72 (Beton)
Maka, tinggi efektif (d) = 400 – 70 – ½ (19) = 320,5 mm
Tegangan tanah yang terjadi akibat Vu dan Mjepit adalah :
5112,322 14989,958
σgr maks = +1 2
= 0,5112 + 0,0899 = 0,6011 kg/cm2
100 x100 6 x 100 x 100
σgr min = 0,5112– 0,0899 = 0,4213 kg/cm2

Untuk pondasi diambil wu = 0,6011 kg/cm2
Mu = wu × c' × ½ c' × B
= 0,6011 × 35 × ½ × 35 ×100
= 36817,375 kg.cm = 368,174 kg.m = 3,681 kNm
Perencanaan batang tulangan baja :
Mu 3,681.10 6
k= = = 0,0448 Mpa → ρ = 0,004
b.d 2 0,8 (1000)(320,5) 2
As = ρ.b.d = 0,004 x 1000 x 320,5 = 1282 mm2
Digunakan tulangan :  19 – 200 (As = 1417,6 mm2)
96

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Perencanaan Konstruksi Gedung I (Beton)

1.1 Rangka Kuda-kuda

1.2 Peraturan yang Digunakan

Perhitungan didasarkan pada PPI-1983, SK-SNI 1991-01, PPBBI-1984 dan

2.1 Pembebanan Kuda-kuda

2.1.1 Beban mati (WD)

Menurut PPI-1983, beban hidup yang digunakan diambil yang beban

2.1.3 Kombinasi Beban

2.2 Pembebanan Tangga

2,4 2,4 1,4 2,1

2.2.1 Plat tangga

a. Beban mati (WD)

b. Beban hidup (WL)

c. Kombinasi beban (WU)

2.2.2 Pembebanan plat bordes

1) Beban mati (WD)

3) Kombinasi beban (WU)

2.2.3 Balok bordes

Berat sendiri balok = 0,2 x 0,3 x 2400 = 144 kg/m

Berat plat tangga = ½ Wu = ½ (2701,44) = 1350,72 kg/m +

2.3 Pembebanan Top Gavel

Pengaku top gavel

Dinding top gavel

2.3.2 Berat pengaku top gavel

 Panjang total = (2 x kaki kuda-kuda) + bentang kuda-kuda + tinggi kuda-kuda

= (2 x 5,478) + 10 + 2,226 = 23,182 m

2.4 Pembebanan Lantai

2.4.1 Beban mati

Direncanakan plat lantai t = 15 cm :

2.4.3 Kombinasi beban

2.4.4 Distribusi beban lantai

Denah distribusi beban.

Diketahui WU = 895,2 kg/m

Tabel Besar pelimpahan beban lantai (beban equivalent)

2.5 Pelimpah Beban Pada Portal

Berdasarkan PPI-1983 tabel 2-1 hal 11 diketahui bahwa :

 Berat volume bata merah = 1700 kg/m3

A. Beban terbagi rata

= 0,40 x 0,40 x 3,6 x 2400 = 1420,8 kg +

2.5.2 Portal B – B (memanjang)

A. Beban terbagi rata

Berat kolom atas (40/40) cm

2.5.3 Portal 4 – 4 (melintang)

A. Beban terbagi rata

Berat ringbalk melintang (20/30) cm

2.5.4 Portal 7 – 7 (melintang)

A. Beban terbagi rata

Berat kolom atas (40/40) cm

Tangga dianggap terletak di atas 2 tumpuan, yaitu jepit-jepit

3.1.1 Momen plat tangga

= ⅛ 1956,307 (2,9)2 = 2056,568 kgm W sin a W cos a

 Momen tumpuan (Mtu)

Momen plat borders dihitung berdasarkan PBBI-1971 hal 202,

3.2.2 Balok bordes

3.3 Balok Ringbalk

Mdesign tumpuan = 360 kg.m

Berat sendiri (20/30) = 0,2 x 0,3 x 2400 = 144 kg/m

M6 = 1/16 q L2 = 1/16 x 547,433 x 42 = 547,433 kg.m

Berat sendiri (25/40) = 0,25 x 0,40 x 2400 = 240 kg/m

 Bidang geser = ½ x q x L = ½ x 1464 x 5 = 3660 kg

3.4.2 Momen pada sloof melintang

Berat sendiri (25/40) = 0,25 x 0,40 x 2400 = 240 kg/m

3.5 Momen pada Plat Lantai