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    10 views21 pages

    Al-Farabi With Pg#s

    Uploaded by

    bchamb1
    m

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
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    of 21
    seeks to vilify something in theirs, they will confront him with the shrurd things in the religions of others and hos ward off his asaule ‘pen their own, ‘Another group of them, realizing that the arguments they advance in ‘the defense of things of this sore are insfcint to prove their complete ‘vaidiey-so that thle adversary’s sence would rest from his accepting the validity ofthese things rather chen from his inability to argue against ‘them-were then forced to we certain things that Would drive him «> ‘ease arguing agunse them” either from shame and his inality to express himself edequately, or from fear of being harmed, ‘And sil ohers, convinced ofthe validity oftheir ovr eeligion beyond sny doubs, [113] hold the opinion that they should defend ie before thes, show ito be fair and free it of suspicion, and ward off their adversaries from i, by using any chance thing. They would not even {idan to use falsehood, sophisry, confounding, and conteniouness be- fexuse they hold che opinion that only one of two men would oppose their religion. He is ether an enemy, and it is admisible to use fabe- hood and sophisry co ward him off and to defeat him, as isthe cae in war (bad) and combst. Or he snot an enemy, but one who, owing to weak intlleee and poor judgment, & ignorant of the advantage he ‘Would derive from this religion; and i iv admisible wo use faleehood tnd sephiory to make man seek his wellbeing just as i done ia the ‘ase of women and children. NOTES 1 Reig (fog Reig ema (0) for ing nee SE Aen Pees SpFoon she nme i which Alferbs Pot dred Scrip of wit nd inode snd encads Ye Ssarpon acer eine Ml eed Re SECA sd ppv td “¢ Ebel: “epenst Tity- Grup way, Te pee preaaes apps “re Allbi, Anaionneof Haye bean Iarpalan oS BRE Me on AE Btn i} a Alfarabi THE POLITICAL REGIME Translated by Fauci M. Nejjer ‘source: Medieval Political Philosophy, 1st ed., ‘eds. Ralph Lemer and Muhsin Mahdi (New York, 1983) Ia. fomous lone to his exatoe ba Titbon, Maimonide store. "Do ‘ot boy yourself wh boon the [vo lope except for what ar com: posed by she ie mam AbO Nase se Fat [Alfuabi) oc, in gener, fverthing dat he composedand bardcalaly Rs bok on the Prncper ff Beings all Set than fine Boor hs angmentsenble one under: Stand and comprehend, for he wit ‘ery eae ia sider” The work {lard o by Maimonides is twa Gder ewo eles the Principe of Being (or the St Priniir and te Poleta Regine. Te fe tide ss {a ave bes erated fom the open ing pusge ofthe work, which pres the Impresion tae ie e's eaten {be pls of the mtr won sod their respective rks of order (2) the fis Cus, (2) the Send Cause, (@) the Acie Inellece, (4) the soa, (G) fom, aod (6) mas "The eee ” fm pa of he wot cot of on coe of tet Se pc a of ie ae cotton he be eok th scl On hen one go aso te neo pa (he ea ‘Sica pening co Seow i te cern a ‘Srobacion raed ppt for fscrounr apd an ‘as ple bolts Wace pe Obl Chi a Sia tty Si aed fae ee care te He estore be Pat Wath cond cae eine koreans Oia Se ‘es Sy mcr not Opin of ie deme hw “The Polical Regime is fequendly ced by Masi suber atone of the Fundamental woes of fab fe was ‘Sundae ico Hebrew inthe mile ofthe thieenth century, The allow on eter vo che Hyderabad txt SMES fo bued on sexe Sits al-madanyya® (035 AHO. "iledsofthe Aric snethacinbeing Tas eon i incomplete, an so are faton ge fel M Najjar, The all che mangserips, wth the pombe Pecencs insted in he cada: excpcon of eyailh 127% Max aeLowes eo the species thar canor scomplih thir necessity Ts or see thes bon se epee the asncton of TERS ploop of them ins sale dvelingpac. Some human sociess ekgn ches are of a medium si sl others are sal. The lage srciets const of many naons that soca and coopers with one ‘Sener; the medium ones consist ofa nation; the small are the ones ‘Ginna by the egy. These thee ace the perce societies, Hence the Sip teprescns the Rese degree of pevfection. associations in villages Sferere, seats and housholds on the ober hand, are the imperfect SESSfoa Or ter de lest pesfer the hosehald sociation, which opie of he amsciaion inthe see, te later Beng apart of the sodaion in he quae, ad thi in ton 2 put ofthe politcal soci Ue RRetons in quancs and vilages ate both fo the sake of che Shyer howe he rere pur of he ty we Gongs only serve se go] The pola! (or ave] socety a pare OF the sation, sod the nation h-divided nro cites. The absolutely Sefecchanan soles ace divided into nations. A natin is diferentited From anotier by eo eatual inge-natural make-up and natural chat~ saur_ind by something tha s compost (is conventional But as a Seanad things which i lagwage-t mean the ior, ceough wich men expres thenstves At afemesome nations are large and Urher re eal "The primary natura cause ofthe dfeences beeen nations in these raters consis ofa varity of things. One of ther i the diferene i thepans ofthe eal bodes Cat face them, namely, he fs that iy the busrmost] sphere and the sphere ofthe fed sts then the cifer fhe im the postions of the inclined spheres from the various pars of ‘fevearth andthe vrinion in ie provnity snd remotes. Prom this follows the difercnce becween che pct of he earth tat ae the mations Gweling-pses for from the user, chs diference reals fom the ‘ger in he pars ofthe Sa pec ha face them, fom the ifr hee in the fed sts that face them, and from the diference in the Sesdon ofthe ncined spheres th respec o them. From the diference Eotstas te pars of tc eth follows the Wierence inthe vapors ing fom the eat ance each vapor bes from a certain si es aki co thar sll From the diference im he vapor lows the difference inthe SESS auc tnasmuch a the war of cach county i generated from 32 ies underground vapors, and the air of each country is mixed with the ‘apors that ork thei way up to ie fom the sol Tn the same mannes, the diference inthe air and water [of each country] follows from the ‘ference [in the pars] of che fixed sar and of the fit sphere that face iz and from the difference in the postions of the inlined spheres From all these differences, in turn, follows the diference in the plans tnd inthe species of trations animals, [7] a8 2 eeslt of which nations have diferent diets. From the ference in their des follows the dffer- nce in the materials snd crops that go into the composition of the Individuals who Bucceed the ones who ie. From ths, in tur, follows the diferece in the natural make-up and natural character. Moreover, the diference in the parts ofthe heaven that face them causes further Gifernces in their make-up and characrer, in diferent manner from the one mentioned above, The difference inte sir, to, causes diferences jnvmke-up and character in a diferent manner from the one mentioned thove. Furthermore, out of the cooperation and combination of these Gifferences there develop diferent minutes that contribute co diferences in the make-up and character of the nations Ie isin this manner and (dzection that natal things fc together, ae connected with each othe, tnd occupy thei respective rank; and this i the ement to which the ‘restal bodies contbute to their perfection. The remaining perfectons Ste not given by the celeial bodies but by ehe Acdve Inelect and the Active Intellece gives the emining perfecons eo no other species, tue man. Tn giving [these peefections) to man, the Active Intellect follows + course salar to thit followed by the celestial bodies. Fis, it gives him 2 faculty and a principle with which, of his own accord, he seks, or is thle to seek, the remsning perfecons. That principle consists of the primary knowledge an the fit inteligibles preset in the rational part ‘f the sou, but gives him this Kind of knowledge and those inelligibles ‘nly after man (a) fe develop the vensive pare of the sul and the Sppettive pare, which gives nse to the deste and aversion that adhere to the sensitive pars. [42] (The inetuments of the lase wo faculties ‘develop from the pare of che body.) They, in turn, give sse eo the will For, st fr, the will nothing but a desire cat follows from a Senation, and desice takes place through the appetive pac of the sou, and senstion through the sensve, (b) Nex, there bas to develop the imaginative pat of the soul and the desire that adheres to it Hence 2 Second ll develops after the fist. Tie wil ia dese that follows from [en act of the) imagination, After thee evo wil develop, it becomes josie forthe primary knowledge that emanates from the Active ntel- Teer to the rational pact to take pace, At this point + third kind of will develops in man-che dese tat follows from incelecing—which is spe- ‘Sihcally called “choice” This choice pertains specifically co man, exlo- 33 Petr sive ofa other animals. By wire of i, an i able eo do either what Bro Sbie or Uuable, noble or ue; and Because of there i cute (The fe tv0 wily om the oer band ‘eaamd Pete animals too) When hs wil develops ams, with isin th irae no to sek happine,and to do wi god oF Sale obs nse fare NBO Fo oe god withow quaint Everything wef for dhe ware erat by which eis aad is god too, et for ener eer bot because wel with eect Pape eee ttng tne ero te way co happingr in ay fashion i a eGo The good dati ofl forthe aclrement of haprines aaa rrcphing te exis by ate orth comes big DY the iy a Jar oom the way t happiness may be something WL SSES Sue or tur core ino being by he wil That of it se eatue is gen by the cesta bod, but noe Bene they seer dee Acie llc oward its purpose o 43] hampe: in ie cel boi ie something tat contributes to the iar ei hee Itbec, they do not do 0 with he senion of rae ce eave melt, aer ar the narra ehings tha bsuct Tee punted by the celestial odie ohapes the Ac RTE ee Rater ie nkeen inthe sobeance of the celtics wrest Garin the mare of mace to rece, without concesing Baa ttn wheter conibue 1 or harms, the papa of ce saree alec, Therefore i posible ta che su total of what ee othe cel toes soul compres mes thgs at ere Frere Oc oter ines ngs tht ae nfevonbl, the PPOs of the Acive Ile. Reals good and evi, which ae the noble and he Base fe ees thy fave thee origin specify in tan, Now dere i aly BegTinvwieh he volumary. good ean come ito being. That swe ele of the hun sol are Rv: the cheorets-aon teow aon the eppeuave he imaginative, and the este Sree ay ma cin Kew and pei knows By the BeeSamoal face and by none ofthe reminng facles, Man Pere Then he maker tue of the fe principles and the primary ev als reno him by the Active Ile When he koows Ep aaa Ey ene appeive fact, deers by the praca mea caty open wha fe ought co doin order ro aaa. i es the eet of te appettive fact todo the actos e hs covered a So and fs imagine and serie faces ait 0d obey eer an df aouang man to do the acne with wich be She saa the everything at orgs from man wll be gd. TRS RPNE ey tat che voluntary good comes ino eing. As fo 2, alee nthe one ht Usha se. Neher Be 34 imaginative nor the appetitive faculty perceives [44] happiness. Not ven the ronal faculty presives happiness under all condions. The “ssn fealeypereives happiness only when it strives o apprebend 5 Now here are many things that an can imagine thar they obghr £9 be the sim and end of ife each asthe pleasane andthe wsefl, honor, and the lke. Whenever man negleces to pefece his theoretical-rational part Tas to perceive happiness and hasten coward it holds something other than bappines-whae is wefl, what is ples, domination, wha is honorable, and the like—as an end toward which he aims in his Ute, tleses ic with the appetitive fealty, uses che practicabrational faeaiy to deliberate in the discovery of what enables him to attain ehis end, tes the instruments of the tppedive faculty eo do the things he bss

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