‘Vice President and Editorial Director, ECS: Marcia J, Horton ‘Vice President and Director of Production and Manufacturing, ESM: David W. Riccardi Editorial Assistant: Carole Synder Executive Managing Faitor: Vince O’Brien Managing Editor: David A. George Production Editor: Kevin Bradley Director of Creative Services: Paul Belfantt Att Director: Jayne Conte Cover Designer: Bruce Kenselaar Ant Editor: Greg Dulles Manufacturing Manager: Trudy Pisciowi Manufacturing Buyer: Lynda Castillo ‘Senior Marketing Manager: Holly Stark About the Cover: Image courtesy of the Burstein Collection/Corbis, Pearson Prentice Hall Pearson Education, Ine. Upper Saddle River, NI07458 Alll rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher: Pearson Prentice Hall® is a trademark of Pearson Education, Inc. ‘The author and publisher of this book have used their best efforts in preparing this book. These efforts inelude the development, research, and testing of the theories and programs to determine theit effectiveness, The author and publisher make no warranty of any kind, expressed or implied with regard to these programs or the documentation contained in this book. The author and publisher shall not be liable in any event for incidental or consequential damages in connection with or arising out of the furnishing, performance or use of these programs. It you purchased this book within the United States or Canada you should be aware that it has been ‘wrongfully imported without the approval of the Publisher or Author. Printed in the United States of America 98765432 ISBN O-13-017973-6 Pearson Education Ltd., London Pearson Education Australia Pty. Ltd,, Sydney Pearson Education Singapore, Pte, Ltd Pearson Education North Asia Ltd., Hong Kong Pearson Education Canada, Inc., Toronto Pearson Educacién de Mexico, S.A. de CV. Pearson Education—Japan, Tokyo Pearson Education Malaysia, Pte. Ltd. Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, New JerseyContents Preface 1 Coding for Reliable Digital Transmission and Storage 11 Introduction... . . rn 12 TypesofCodes....... 13 Modulation and Coding . . . : 14 Maximum Likelihood Decoding . . . 15 Typesof Errors... ...-. 1.6 Error Control Strategies 1.7 Performance Measures . . 1.8 Coded Modulation Bibliography . 2. Introduction to Algebra 2.4 Groups . : 22 Fields 23 Binary Field Arithmeti 24 — Construction of Galois Field GFQ") . 2.5 Basic Properties of a Galois Field GF(2”) . . 26 Computations Using Galois Field GF”) Arithmetic . 2.7 Vector Spaces . nn 28 Matrices Problems Bibliography 3 Linear Block Codes 3.1 Introduction to Linear Block Codes . . . 3.2. Syndrome and Error Detection a 3.3. The Minimum Distance of a Block Code . . 3.4 Error-Detecting and Error-Correcting Capabilities of a Block Code ..... 35 Standard Array and Syndrome Decoding. . vee 36 Probability of an Undetected Error for Linear Codes over aBSC .... 3.7 Single-Parity-Check Codes, Repetition Codes, and Self-Dual Codes - : eevee eee ee Problems ......... Bibliography . 4 Important Linear Block Codes 4.1 Hamming Codes... . . . : 42. A Class of Single-Error-Correcting and Double-Error-Detecting Codes... eee 43 Reed-Muller Codes... | 44 Other Constructions for Reed-Muller Codes. 90 94 95 97 100 102 105 4iv Contents 45 The Squaring Construction of Codes 46 — The (24,12) Golay Code .7 Product Codes 48 — Interleaved Codes . . Problems .. . Bibliography . Cyelie Codes 5.1 Description of Cyclic Codes 5.2 Generator and Parity-Check Matrices of Cyclic Codes’ 53 Encoding of Cyclic Codes 5.4 Syndrome Computation and Error Detection. 5.5 Decoding of Cyclic Codes 5.6 Cyclic Hamming Codes 5.7 Error-Trapping Decoding 58 Improved Exror-Trapping Decoding 5.9 The (23, 12) Golay Code 5.10 Shortened Cyclic Codes S.11 Cyclic Product Codes 5.12 Quasi-Cyclic Codes . Problems Bibliography Binary BCH Codes 61 6.2 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 6.10 Nonbinary BCH Codes, Reed-Solomon Codes, and Decoding Algorithms TA 12 13 14 15 16 1 Binary Primitive BCH Codes Decoding of BCH Codes . : Iterative Algorithm for Finding the Error-Location Polynomial o(X) Simplified lterative Algorithm for Finding the Error-Location Polynomial o(X) Finding the Error-Location Numbers and Error Correction Correction of Errors and Erasures Implementation of Galois Field Arithmetic Implementation of Error Correction Weight Distribution and Error Detection of Binary BCH Codes . Remarks er re Problems Bibliography q-ary Linear Block Codes : Primitive BCH Codes over GF(q) Reed-Solomon Codes... . Decoding of Nonbinary BCH and RS Codes: The Berlelamp Algorithm aaee Decoding with the Euclidean Algorithm Frequency-Domain Decoding Correction of Errors and Erasures 119 125 128 131 132 134 136 136 143 146 150 155 162 166 173 175 179 184 185 188 192 194 194 205 209 212 215 217 217 224 227 230 230 231 234 234 236 237 241 248, 255 263