36025_06_online_appE_pE1-E6.

qxd 3/3/11 8:16 AM Page E1

E
Properties of Plane Areas

Notation: A  area
苶x, y苶  distances to centroid C
Ix, Iy  moments of inertia with respect to the x and y axes,
respectively
Ixy  product of inertia with respect to the x and y axes
IP  Ix  Iy  polar moment of inertia with respect to the origin of
the x and y axes
IBB  moment of inertia with respect to axis B-B

1 y Rectangle (Origin of axes at centroid)

b h
x A  bh 苶x  2 y苶  
2
h C x
y bh3 hb3 bh
Ix   Iy   Ixy  0 IP   (h2  b2)
12 12 12
b

2 y B Rectangle (Origin of axes at corner)

bh3 hb3 b2h2 bh
Ix   Iy   Ixy   IP   (h2 + b2)
3 3 4 3
h
b3h3
IBB   
O x 6(b2  h2)
B b
3 y Triangle (Origin of axes at centroid)
c
bh bc h
A   x苶   y苶  
x 2 3 3
h
C y x bh3 bh
Ix   Iy   (b2  bc  c2)
36 36
b
bh2 bh
Ixy   (b  2c) IP   (h2  b2  bc  c2)
72 36

E1
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E2 APPENDIX E Properties of Plane Areas

4 y
c Triangle (Origin of axes at vertex)
B B bh3 bh
Ix   Iy   (3b2  3bc  c2)
12 12
h
bh2 bh3
Ixy   (3b  2c) IBB  
O x 24 4
b

5 y Isosceles triangle (Origin of axes at centroid)

bh b h
A   x苶   y苶  
x 2 2 3
h
C x bh3 hb3
y Ix   Iy   Ixy  0
B B 36 48
b bh bh3
IP   (4h2  3b2) IBB  
144 12
(Note: For an equilateral triangle, h  兹3苶 b/2.)
6 y Right triangle (Origin of axes at centroid)
bh b h
x A   苶x  3 苶y  3
h 2
C y x bh3 hb3 b2h2
B B Ix   Iy   Ixy   
36 36 72
b
bh bh3
IP   (h2  b2) IBB  
36 12
7 y Right triangle (Origin of axes at vertex)
B B bh3 hb3 b2h2
Ix   Iy   Ixy  
12 12 24
h
bh bh3
IP   (h2  b2) IBB  
12 4
O x
b
8 y Trapezoid (Origin of axes at centroid)
a
h(a  b) h(2a  b)
A   苶y   
2 3(a  b)
h
C y
x h3(a2  4ab  b2) h3(3a  b)
Ix   IBB  
B B 36(a  b) 12
b

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APPENDIX E Properties of Plane Areas E3

9 y Circle (Origin of axes at center)

d = 2r
pd2 pr 4 pd 4
A  pr 2   Ix  Iy    
r 4 4 64
C x pr4 pd4 5p r 4 5p d 4
Ixy  0 IP     IBB      
B B 2 32 4 64
10 y Semicircle (Origin of axes at centroid)
pr2 4r
A   y苶  
r C
2 3p
y x (9p 2  64)r 4 p r4 pr4
B B Ix   ⬇ 0.1098r4 Iy    Ixy  0 IBB   
72p 8 8
11 y Quarter circle (Origin of axes at center of circle)
pr2 4r
A   x苶  苶y  
x 4 3p
B B pr4 r4 (9p 2  64)r 4
C y Ix  Iy    Ixy   IBB   ⬇ 0.05488r4
16 8 144p
O x
r
12 y Quarter-circular spandrel (Origin of axes at point of tangency)
B B (10  3p)r
冢 冣
r p 2r
A  1   r 2 苶x    ⬇ 0.7766r 苶y    ⬇ 0.2234r
x 4 3(4  p) 3(4  p)

O
C y
x
冢 5p
16 冣
Ix  1   r 4 ⬇ 0.01825r 4
1
冢 p
冣
Iy  IBB     r 4 ⬇ 0.1370r4
3 16

13 y Circular sector (Origin of axes at center of circle)

x x a  angle in radians (a  p/2)
2r sin a
C A  ar 2 苶x  r sin a 苶y   
3a
a a
y r r4 r4 ar 4
Ix   (a  sin a cos a) Iy   (a  sin a cos a) Ixy  0 IP  
x 4 4 2
O

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E4 APPENDIX E Properties of Plane Areas

14 y Circular segment (Origin of axes at center of circle)

a  angle in radians (a  p/2)
C

y a a A  r 2(a  sin a cos a)

2r
冢
苶y  3 
sin3 a

a  sin a cos a 冣
r
r4
O x Ix   (a  sin a cos a  2 sin3 a cos a) Ixy  0
4
r4
Iy  (3a  3 sin a cos a  2 sin3 a cos a)
12

15 y Circle with core removed (Origin of axes at center of circle)

a
a  angle in radians (a  p/2)

r a
b
a
a  arccos 
r
b  兹苶
r 2  a苶2 冢ab
A  2r 2 a  
r2 冣
C x
r4
冢 2ab3
冣 r4
冢 2ab3
冣
a 3ab ab
b Ix   3a      Iy   a      Ixy  0
6 r2 r4 2 r2 r4

2a
16 y Ellipse (Origin of axes at centroid)
pa b 3 p ba3
A  pab I x   Iy  
b 4 4
C x pab
b Ixy  0 IP   (b2  a2)
4
a a Circumference ⬇ p [1.5(a  b)  兹a苶b苶 ] (a/3  b  a)
⬇ 4.17b /a  4a
2
(0  b  a/3)
17 y Parabolic semisegment (Origin of axes at corner)
Vertex

x
y = f (x)
冢 x2
y  f (x)  h 1  
b2 冣
h
C y 2 bh 3b 2h
A   x苶   y苶  
x 3 8 5
O b
16bh3 2hb3 b2h2
Ix   Iy   Ixy  
105 15 12

© 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
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APPENDIX E Properties of Plane Areas E5

18 y Parabolic spandrel (Origin of axes at vertex)

y = f (x)
hx2
x y  f (x)  
h b2
Vertex
C y bh 3b 3h
O A   x苶   苶y  1
x 3 4 0
b
bh3 hb3 b2h2
Ix   Iy   Ixy  
21 5 12
19 y Semisegment of nth degree (Origin of axes at corner)
y = f (x)
x 冢 xn
y  f (x)  h 1  
bn 冣 (n  0)
h
冢 冣 b(n  1)
C n hn
y A  bh  苶x    y苶  
n1 2(n  2) 2n  1
O x
b 2bh3n3 hb3n b2h2n2
Ix   Iy   Ixy  
(n  1)(2n  1)(3n  1) 3(n  3) 4(n  1)(n  2)
20 y Spandrel of nth degree (Origin of axes at point of tangency)

y = f (x) hx n
y  f (x)   (n  0)
bn
x h
bh b(n  1) h(n  1)
A   x苶   y苶  
C y n1 n2 2(2n  1)
O x
b bh3 hb3 b2h2
Ix   Iy   Ixy  
3(3n  1) n3 4(n  1)
21 y Sine wave (Origin of axes at centroid)
4bh ph
A   y苶  
p 8
h C x
y
B
b b
冢 9p 16 冣
B Ix  8  p bh3 ⬇ 0.08659bh3
冢
4 32
Iy    
p p3 冣
hb3 ⬇ 0.2412hb3

8bh3
Ixy  0 IBB  
9p

22 y Thin circular ring (Origin of axes at center)

d = 2r
Approximate formulas for case when t is small
p d 3t
r A  2prt  pdt Ix  Iy  pr 3t  
8
C x
pd 3t
Ixy  0 IP  2pr 3t  
t 4

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E6 APPENDIX E Properties of Plane Areas

23 y Thin circular arc (Origin of axes at center of circle)

t Approximate formulas for case when t is small
B B b  angle in radians (Note: For a semicircular arc, b  p/2.)
C
b b y r sin b
A  2brt 苶y  b
r
O x I  r 3t(b  sin b cos b) Iy  r 3t(b  sin b cos b)
x

2b  sin2b 1  cos2b
Ixy  0 冢
IBB  r 3t   
2 b 冣
24 y Thin rectangle (Origin of axes at centroid)
Approximate formulas for case when t is small

b A  bt
b
C tb3 tb3 tb3
x Ix   sin2 b Iy   cos2 b IBB   sin2 b
12 12 3
t
B B
25 Regular polygon with n sides (Origin of axes at centroid)
A
b B C  centroid (at center of polygon)
R1 R2
b n  number of sides (n  3) b  length of a side
b  central angle for a side a  interior angle (or vertex angle)
C
a
360°
b  
n
n2
冢
a   180°
n 冣 a  b  180°

R1  radius of circumscribed circle (line CA) R2  radius of inscribed circle (line CB)
b b b b nb2 b
R1   csc  R2   cot  A   cot 
2 2 2 2 4 2
Ic  moment of inertia about any axis through C (the centroid C is a principal point and
every axis through C is a principal axis)
nb4
192 冢b
2 冣冢b
Ic   cot  3cot2   1
2 冣 IP  2Ic

© 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.