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A 62-year-old man arrives to the emergency department complaining of acute severe precordial
chest pain radiating to his arm and neck. He reports a feeling like ”an elephant is standing on his chest”
and states that his symptoms are accompanied with nausea. His chest pain began approximately 30
minutes ago while he was watching television and it has not completely resolved since the onset. His
medical history includes hypertension, hyperlipidemia and a 50 pack/year history of cigarette smoking.
The physical examination saw that the patient has a diaphoretic and moderate distress with the following
vital signs: blood pressure 160/95 mmHg, pulse 113 bpm, respiratory rate 24 breaths /min and oxygen
saturation 98% on room air. He is tachycardia with a normal S1 and S2 and without murmur, rubs or
gallops. His jugular venous pressure is not elevated. Chest auscultation reveals faint crackles at the left
base but is otherwise clear. His abdomen is protuberant but soft and without masses. His lower
extremities are without edema. An electrocardiogram (ECG) is performed and shown elevation ST in V1 –
V4
STEP 1
STEP 2
1. Mengapa pasien merasa sakit dada yang menyebar ke lengan dan leher?
2. Bagaimana korelasi dari riwayat penyakit dengan apa yg diderita sekarang?
3. Dx dan dd dari skenario?
4. Mengapa penderita disertai dengan gejala mual?
5. Bagaimana gejala dan tanda dari angina pektoris?
6. Penatalaksanaan dari angina pektoris?
7. Bagaimana pathogenesis angina pektoris?
8. Bagaimana interpretasi dari hasil pemeriksaan fisik dan ekg?
9. Pemeriksaan penunjang dari angina pektoris?
10. Faktor resiko dari angina pektoris?
11. Bagaimana aktivitas listrik jantung terekam pada ekg normal?
12. Mengapa tekanan vena jugularis tidak meningkat?
13. Kemungkinan penyakit dengan durasi gejala seperti scenario diatas dan apa bedannya jika yg
muncul gejala yg sama dengan durasi yang berbeda?
14. Hubungan ekstremitas bawah mengalami edema dan abdomen yg protuberant dengan
scenario diatas?
15. Perbedaan nyeri dada cardiac dan non cardiac?
16. Perbedaan nyeri dada cardiac coroner dan non coroner?
STEP 2