Two practical methods for osmotic power generation are reverse electrodialysis (RED) and

pressure-retarded osmosis. (PRO).

3.1 Reversed electro dialysis
A method being developed and studied is reversed electro dialysis or reversedialysis, which is
essentially the creation of a salt battery. This method was described
by Weinstein and Leitz as ―an array of alternating a
nion and cation exchangemembranes can be used to generate electric power from the free
energy of river and
sea water.‖
The technology related to this type of power is still in its infant stages, eventhough the principle
was discovered in the 1950s. Standards and a completeunderstanding of all the ways salinity
gradients can be utilized are important goals tostrive for in order make this clean energy source
more viable in the future
3.2 Pressure-retarded osmosis
One method to utilize salinity gradient energy is calledpressure-retardedosmosis.In this method,
seawater is pumped into a pressure chamber that is at apressure lower than the difference
between the pressures of saline water and freshwater. Freshwater is also pumped into the
pressure chamber through a membrane,which increase both the volume and pressure of the
chamber. As the pressuredifferences are compensated, a turbine is spun creating energy. This
method is beingspecifically studied by theNorwegianutilityStatkraft,which has calculated that
up to25 TWh/yr would be available from this process in Norway. Statkraft has built theworld's
first prototype osmotic power plant on the Oslo fiord which was opened by