3.

Stepen čiji je izložilac ceo broj

1
6o a −n = , a ∈ R, a ≠ 0, n ∈ N
an

Primer 1.

1 1
a) 3 − 2 = =
32 9

1 1 1
b) (−2) −3 = = =−
(−2) 3
−8 8

−2 2
4 1 1 32  3 
c)   = 2
= = = 
3  4 42 42  4 
 
 3 32

1
−3
3 3 38
d) −8 = 3 = 3 = 35 . Iz ovoga vidimo da ako stepenovani broj menja mesto u
3 1 3
38
razlomku iz brojioca u imenioc ili obratno, onda njegov izložioc menja znak.

ZADATAK 1. Izračunaj

a) (−2) −1 + (−3) −1

−3
(−2) −3 − (−3) −2  2 
b) ⋅ 
(−4) −1  3

c) 0,5 −1 + 0,25 −2 + 0,125 −3

2 −2 ⋅ 5 3 ⋅ 10 −4
d)
2 −3 ⋅ 5 2 ⋅ 10 −5
−2 −1
 5 
0
 2 4
e)  6 − 4 ⋅    +  −
  16    3 3


2 −2 + 2 0
f) −2 −2
1 −2  2
  − 5 ⋅ ( − 2) + 
 2  3
Rešenje:

1 1 1 1 −3−2 5
a) (−2) −1 + (−3) −1 = + =− − = =−
−2 −3 2 3 6 6

1
−
1 1 1 −9−8
−3 −2 −3 −
( − 2) − (−3) ( − 2) (−3) 2
3
 2 3
3
⋅  = −8 9 ⋅
27 27
b) ⋅  = = 72 ⋅ =
(−4) −1  3 1 2 1 8 1 8
−
−4 −4 4

17
−
27 17 27 51
= 18 ⋅ = ⋅ =
− 1 8 18 8 16
−1 −2 −3
1 1 1
c) 0,5 −1 + 0,25 − 2 + 0,125 −3 =   +   +  = 2 + 4 2 + 8 3 = 530
2  4 8

2 −2 ⋅ 5 3 ⋅ 10 −4
d) −3 −5
= 2 − 2− ( −3) ⋅ 5 3− 2 ⋅ 10 − 4− ( −5) = 2 ⋅ 5 ⋅ 10 = 100
2 ⋅ 5 ⋅ 10
2

−2 −1
  5  
0
 2 4 3 4 1 3 4 3+9−8 2

e) 6 − 4 ⋅   +   − = 2 −2 + − = + − = =
  16    3 3 2 3 2 2 3 6 3


1 5 5
−2 +1
2 +2 0
2 2
4 1
f) −2 −2
= 2 2
= = 4 =
1 2  1 3 5 9 20 4
  − 5 ⋅ ( − 2) −2
+  22 − 5 ⋅  −  +   4− +
 2 3  2 2 4 4 4

ZADATAK 2. Uprosti izraze:

a) x 3 ⋅ x 2 ⋅ x −6

b) a 3 : a −2

c) (a 3b −4 ) : (a −3 b 4 )

2a 2 10a −3
d) :
5b − 2 6b −1
6 −3
 b 0 a −2   a −3b −1 
e)  −3  ⋅  12 
 b   b 
Rešenje:

1
a) x 3 ⋅ x 2 ⋅ x −6 = x 3+ 2+ ( −6) = x −1 =
x

b) a 3 : a −2 = a 3− ( −2) = a 5

−4 −3 3 − ( −3 ) − 4− 4 −8 a6
c) (a b ) : (a b ) = a
3 4
b =a b6
= 8
b

2a 2 10a −3 2a 2 6b −1 6 2− ( −3) −1−( −2) 6 5

d) −2
: −1
= −2 ⋅ −3
= a b = a b
5b 6b 5b 10a 25 25
6 −3
 b 0 a − 2   a −3 b −1  a −12 a 9 b 3 −12 + 9 3− ( −18 ) − ( −36 ) −3 57 b 57
e)  −3  ⋅  12  = ⋅ = a b = a b =
 b   b  b −18 b −36 a3