Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Channel
Fastening Tech-
nology Manual
Dear customer,
The Fastening Technology Manual for anchor channel reflects our ongoing
investment into long term research, and development of leading fastening
products.
We will expand its scope further, along with more cast-in products we will
develop in the future. As we strive to be a reliable partner for you, we
would very much appreciate your feedback for improvements. We are
available at any time to answer additional questions that even go beyond
this content.
Raimund Zaggl
Business Unit Anchor
May 2012 1
Important Notice
Important notice
Hilti Corporation
FL-9494 Schaan
Principality of Liechtenstein
www.hilti.com
July 2012
2
Content
Content
1 Introduction ................................................................................................................................. 4
1.1 Safety concept ............................................................................................................................... 5
2 Required verifications ................................................................................................................. 6
2.1 CEN design method ....................................................................................................................... 6
3 Anchor channel design for static loads: Tension/Shear lateral ............................................... 7
3.1 Determination of forces acting on screws ....................................................................................... 7
3.2 Determination of forces acting on anchors ...................................................................................... 8
3.3 Determination of tensile forces in supplementary reinforcement...................................................... 9
3.4 Overview of necessary verifications for anchor channels .............................................................. 11
3.5 Tension: Design steel resistance NRd,s,x ........................................................................................ 12
3.6 Tension: Design concrete resistance NRd,x .................................................................................... 13
3.7 Tension: Design supplementary reinforcement resistance NRd,re ................................................... 18
3.8 Shear Lateral: Design steel resistance VRd,s,x ................................................................................ 20
3.9 Shear lateral: Design concrete resistance VRd,x ............................................................................. 22
3.10 Shear lateral: Design supplementary reinforcement resistance VRd,re: CEN model...................... 25
3.11 Shear lateral: Design supplementary reinforcement resistance VRd,re , ETA model ..................... 26
3.12 Combined tension and shear loading............................................................................................ 31
4 Anchor channel design for load case fire: Tension/Shear lateral .......................................... 32
4.1 Determination of forces acting on screws ..................................................................................... 32
4.2 Determination of forces acting on anchors .................................................................................... 32
4.3 Fire Testing according to TR020................................................................................................... 33
4.4 Overview of necessary verifications for anchor channels in the event of fire.................................. 34
4.5 Tension: Design resistance NRd,fi for fire ....................................................................................... 35
4.6 Shear: Design resistance VRd,fi for fire........................................................................................... 36
4.7 Shear: Design resistance VRd,fi for fire........................................................................................... 37
4.8 Combined tension and shear loading for fire ................................................................................. 38
5 Technical data for the HAC anchor channel system................................................................ 39
5.1 General ........................................................................................................................................ 39
5.2 Instruction for use......................................................................................................................... 40
5.3 HAC Hilti Anchor Channel ............................................................................................................ 42
5.4 HBC special screws ..................................................................................................................... 43
5.5 Material properties ....................................................................................................................... 44
5.6 Setting torque Tinst for HAC-10 through HAC-30............................................................................ 45
5.7 Tightening torque Tinst for HAC-40 through HAC-70 ...................................................................... 46
5.8 Characteristic resistance for steel failure of the channel................................................................ 47
5.9 Characteristic resistance for steel failure of special screw type HBC-A, HBC-B, HBC-C, HBC-C-E,
HBC-C-N ..................................................................................................................................... 48
5.10 Design tensile pull-out failure........................................................................................................ 49
5.11 Design tensile concrete cone failure ............................................................................................. 50
5.12 Design tensile splitting failure: ...................................................................................................... 50
5.13 Design shear pry out failure.......................................................................................................... 51
5.14 Design shear concrete edge failure .............................................................................................. 52
5.15 Characteristic fire resistance for steel failure of channel in cracked concrete C20/25 .................... 53
5.16 Characteristic fire resistance for steel failure of special screw type HBC-A, HBC-B, HBC-C .......... 53
5.17 Design tensile pull-out failure under fire in cracked concrete C20/25............................................. 54
5.18 Design tensile concrete cone failure under fire in cracked concrete C20/25 .................................. 55
5.19 Design shear pry out failure under fire in cracked concrete C20/25 ............................................... 56
5.20 Design shear concrete edge failure under fire in cracked concrete C20/25 ................................... 57
6 Design examples ....................................................................................................................... 58
6.1 Example 1: Anchor channel subjected to static load (2-legged anchor channel) ............................ 58
6.2 Example 2: Anchor channel subjected to static load (3-legged anchor channel) ............................ 66
6.3 Example 3: Anchor channel subjected to a fire load (2-legged anchor channel) ............................ 74
July 2012 3
Introduction
1 Introduction
In over 60 years Hilti has acquired tremendous know-how and gained
worldwide acceptance as a reliable partner in the field of fastening
systems. Being an innovative company, our foremost goal is to provide
innovative, well-engineered products. Accordingly, we now offer an
extensive cast-in anchor channel portfolio for a wide range of
applications.
Up to now, the design of these systems has been based on tables. The
load values given in these tables represent steel failure. This often results
in systems being massively over-designed and boundary conditions are
chosen to ensure that concrete failure cannot be expected. Today, in a
world where cost-efficient design is absolutely crucial and natural
resources such as the iron that goes into making steel are considered
increasingly precious, the demand for better material utilization has
grown. In recent years, a better understanding of various anchor channel
failure modes has also been gained. Intensive research and testing has
now yielded a new design method that elevates anchor channel design to
the level of anchor design. A side effect of this new design method is the
requirement for a complex calculation and verification model. All possible
failure modes are taken into consideration during the verification process.
This new design method thus fits perfectly in today’s new generation of
building codes utilizing the partial safety factor concept.
July 2012
4
Safety concept
July 2012 5
Anchor channel design
2 Required verifications
x y
F
x y
F
July 2012
6
Anchor Channel Design
x y
Vୢ ൌ F୷୩
,୧ ,୧
∙ γ F୷୩ ୧ ∙ γ Fyk,G,i / Fzk,G,i: Characteristic
Nୢ ൌ F ୧ ∙ γ F ୧ ∙ γ
, , ,
July 2012 7
Anchor Channel Design
1
k= n
∑A
1
'
i
li li
li = 13 ⋅ I0.05
y ⋅ s 0.5 ≥ s [mm]
July 2012
8
Anchor Channel Design
July 2012 9
Anchor Channel Design
∑M 1 =0:
NEd,re ⋅ z − VEd ⋅ (e S + z) = 0
e
NEd,re = VEd ⋅ S + 1
z
July 2012
10
Anchor Channel Design
July 2012 11
Anchor Channel Design
July 2012
12
Anchor Channel Design
MRk,s,flex
MEd ≤ MRd,s,flex = Note: The bending moment Med in the channel due to
γMs,flex tension loads acting on the channel may be
calculated assuming a simply supported single
span beam with a span length equal to the
anchor spacing.
F/2 F/2
MEd
=
4
(
π 2
)
d h − d 2 in case of a round head
July 2012 13
Anchor Channel Design
NRk,c
c = 8.5 ⋅ α ch ⋅ f ck,cube ⋅ h ef
0 1.5
NRk, a
NEd ≤ NRd,c =
γ Mc
July 2012
14
Anchor Channel Design
h ef
ψre,N = 0.5 + ≤ 1.0
200
3.6.2.5 Effect of condition of concrete
NRk,sp
N0Rk … min (NRk,p; N
0
Rk,c)
a
NEd ≤ NRd,sp =
γ Msp
αs,N … effect of neighboring anchors
αe,N … effect of edges of the concrete member
αc,N … effect of a corner of the concrete member NRk,sp = NRk
0
⋅ α s,N ⋅ α e,N ⋅ α c,N ⋅ ψre,N ⋅ ψucr,N ⋅ ψh,sp
July 2012
16
Anchor Channel Design
July 2012 17
Anchor Channel Design
July 2012
18
Anchor Channel Design
July 2012 19
Anchor Channel Design
Note: The channel requires full constraint! Length of the lever arm l:
July 2012
20
Anchor Channel Design
VRk,s α M ⋅ MRk,s
=
VEd ≤ VRd,s = V
Rk,s
γ Ms
l
MRk,s = MRk,
0
s ⋅ (1 − NEd NRd,s )
s
l ⋅ VEd
s =
MEd
αM
l ... lever arm
αM... degree of restraint of anchor channel
Shear loads with a lever arm first require a translation
of the resulting moment into a tensile load acting on
the channel lip. Having translated the moment into a
corresponding tensile force acting on the channel lip,
verification of the channel lip is similar to verifications
under pure tensile loads – the only difference is that
only one lip is loaded in tension and therefore the
given design resistance (ETA) of the channel lip under
tension is reduced by 50%.
July 2012 21
Anchor Channel Design
0
VRk,c = α p ⋅ f ck,cube ⋅ c 1
1.5 VRk,c = VRk,
0
c ⋅ α s,V ⋅ α c,V ⋅ α h,V ⋅ α 90°,V ⋅ψ re,V
July 2012
22
Anchor Channel Design
0.5
c
α c,V = 2
≤ 1.0
c cr,V
July 2012 23
Anchor Channel Design
h cr, V = 2c 1 + 2h ch
0.5
h
α h,V =
≤ 1.0
h cr,V
α 90°, V = 2.5
July 2012
24
Anchor Channel Design
a
NEd ≤ NRd,a l1 … anchorage length of the supplementary
reinforcement in the assumed failure cone
≥lb,min = 4ds (anchorage with bends, hooks,
loops)
l ⋅ π ⋅ ds ⋅ fbd
NRd,a = ∑ 1 ≥lb,min = 10ds (anchorage with straight bars)
n α
ds … diameter of reinforcement bar
f bd … design bond strength according to
EN 1992-1-1
α… influencing factor according to EN 1992-1-1;
0.7 hooked bars
n… number of legs of the supplementary
reinforcement effective for one anchor
July 2012 25
Anchor Channel Design
This relation is mirrored in the equation which defines the upper limit of
the ultimate capacity of supplementary shear reinforcement:
July 2012
26
Anchor Channel Design
V Rk,c,re
= VRk,c,hook + VRk,c,bond ≤ VRk,c,re,max
This is made up of the resistance due to the hook geometry of the stirrup
and the bond behavior of the reinforcement with the concrete.
July 2012 27
Anchor Channel Design
m+n
VRk,c,bond = ∑ (π ⋅ d
j=1
s ⋅ l j ⋅ fbk )
July 2012
28
Anchor Channel Design
m f ck
0.1
VRk,c,hook = ∑ ψ ⋅ ψ ⋅ ψ ⋅ A ⋅f ⋅ +
1 3 4 s y,k 30
j=1
n
f ck
0.1
∑ ψ ⋅ ψ ⋅ ψ ⋅ A ⋅ f ⋅
2 3 4 s y,k 30
j=1
m+n
VRk,c,bond = ∑ (π ⋅ d
j =1
s ⋅ l j ⋅ fbk )
VRk,c = 0
VRk,c ⋅ α s,V ⋅ α c, V ⋅ α h, V
Reinforcement requirements
s
VEd ≤ VRd,re = VRk,re /γ M VEd = max(VEd ; V )a
Ed 150mm
VRk, re = VRk,c,re /x 50 mm ≤ a ≤ (c1 – cc + 0.7bch – 4dS) / 0.35)
VRk,c,re = VRk,c,hook + VRk,c,bond ≤ VRk,c,re,max c1-cc
≤ ∑ A s ⋅ f yk
m+n
July 2012 29
Anchor Channel Design
July 2012
30
Anchor Channel Design
β N2 + β V2 ≤ 1 (1)
with
β N = NEd /NRd ≤ 1
β V = VEd /VRd ≤ 1
β N + β V ≤ 1.2 (2)
β N1.5 + β V1.5 ≤ 1 (3)
with
β N = NEd /NRd ≤ 1
β V = VEd /VRd ≤ 1
July 2012 31
Anchor Channel Design
July 2012
32
Anchor Channel Design
200
mean temp in furnace
0
0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210
time t
[min]
July 2012 33
Anchor Channel Design
4.4 Overview of necessary verifications for anchor channels in the event of fire
w /o lever arm:
Anchor Pull-out Edge
Special Screw
Channel Lip
Special Screw
Flexure Channel
Displacements
Load Combination
In principal, all verifications that have to be performed for static loading are relevant for verifications in the event of
fire. Only verifications for supplementary reinforcement and concrete splitting can be omitted (blow-out is not critical
anyway). Shear load with lever arm is not taken into consideration.
The steel resistance under elevated temperatures decreases dramatically. Hence, for all steel verifications altered
values have to be considered. These values were determined in fire tests. Concrete as well undergoes some kind
of degradation under high temperatures. On the other side, fire events are regarded as extraordinary load cases.
For that reason, safety factors are reduced, γMS,fi = 1.0.
The characteristic spacing and edge distance ccr,N,fi and scr,N,fi are increased compared to “cold” design.
All values are based on a minimum concrete strength C20/25. Higher concrete grades will not influence the
capacity in the event of fire. Lower concrete grades than C20/25 are not allowed. The calculations are always
based on the assumption that the concrete is a cracked concrete.
A reduction of the fire resistance class of the concrete member due to the anchor channel is not evaluated in the
approval.
July 2012
34
Anchor Channel Design
NRk,s,fi
NaEd ≤ NRd,s,fi =
γ Ms,fi
NRk,s,fi
NEd ≤ NRd,s,fi =
γ Ms,fi
M α r N Rk , s , fi ⋅ a ⋅ b
M Rk , s , flex, fi =
MEd ≤ MRd,s,flex,fi = Rk,s,flex,fi 4 s
γ Ms,flex,fi
NRk,s,fi
a b
July 2012 35
Anchor Channel Design
NRk,c,fi = NRk,
0
c,fi ⋅ αs,N,fi ⋅ αe,N,fi ⋅ αc,N,fi ⋅ ψre,N ⋅ ψucr,N
VRk,s,fi
VRk,s,fi; γMS,fi are given in ETA VEd ≤ VRd,s,fi =
γ Ms,fi
γMs,fi = 1.0
July 2012
36
Anchor Channel Design
VRk,cp,fi = k 5 ⋅ NRk,c,fi
July 2012 37
Anchor Channel Design
β N2 + β 2V ≤ 1 (1)
with
β N = NEd /NRd ≤ 1
β V = VEd /VRd ≤ 1
β N + β V ≤ 1.2 (2)
β 1.5
N +β 1.5
V ≤1 (3)
with
β N = NEd /NRd ≤ 1
β V = VEd /VRd ≤ 1
July 2012
38
Anchor Channel Design
Anchor Dimensions
Channel bch hch tnom,b tnom,l d f
[mm]
d tnom,l
HAC-10 26.2 16.7 1.60 1.60 12.0 1.60
f
hc
HAC-20 27.5 18.0 2.25 2.25 12.0 2.25 tnom,b
bch
d tnom,l
f
HAC-30 41.3 25.6 2.00 2.00 22.3 7.50 hch
tnom,b
bch
bch tnom,b
HAC-70 45.4 40.0 4.50 4.50 19.5 7.40
July 2012 39
Anchor Channel Design
5.2.1 HAC
July 2012
40
Anchor Channel Design
5.2.2 HBC
July 2012 41
Anchor Channel Design
hef hnom
hch
hch
bch
bch
Dimensions
Anchor spacing min
Anchor End
bch hch channel hef cmin
channel smin smax spacing
length
[mm]
July 2012
42
Anchor Channel Design
Dimensions
Anchor
Special screw type Ø Length tfix
channel
[mm]
8 15-100 1 – 26
10 15-175 3 – 83.5
HAC-10
HBC-A
HAC-20
12 20-200 10 – 130
8 15-150 11 – 81
10 15-175 18 – 78
HAC-30 HBC-B
12 20-200 15 – 125
10 20-200 8 – 78
20 20-300 15 – 115
12 20-200 17 – 127
HAC-40
HBC-C-E
HAC-50
16 20-300 23 – 263
HAC-40 16 20-200 20 – 30
HAC-50
HBC-C-N
HAC-60
HAC-70 20 20-300 25 – 65
July 2012 43
Anchor Channel Design
Part Material
Channel profile Carbon steel: EN 10149-2; EN 10051
2)
hot-dip galv. > 55 µm
(HAC-10 and HAC-20)
Carbon steel: EN 10025-2
2)
hot-dip galv. > 55 µm
(HAC-30 to HAC-50)
3)
Anchor Carbon steel: hot-dip galv. > 45 µm
HILTI special screw Carbon steel: steel grade 4.6 / 8.8 in dependence on
shaft and thread electroplated > 8 µm 1)
according to Carbon steel: steel grade 4.6 / 8.8 in dependence on EN
EN ISO 4018 ISO 898-1 4)
3
hot-dip galv. > 45 µm )
Stainless steel: steel grade 50 1.4401/ 1.4404/ 1.4571/ 1.4362/ 1.4578/
1.4439
EN ISO 3506-1 / EN10088-2
Washer Carbon steel: EN 10025-2
1)
EN ISO 7089 and electroplated > 5 µm
EN ISO 7093-1 Carbon steel: EN 10025-2 hot-dip galv. > 45 µm 3)
production class A,
200 HV Stainless steel: 1.4401/ 1.4404/ 1.4571/ 1.4362/ 1.4578/ 1.4439
EN 10088
Hexagonal nuts Carbon steel: class 5 / 8; EN 20898-2
DIN 934 5) electroplated > 8 µm
1)
July 2012
44
Anchor Channel Design
8 40 8 8 -
HAC-10 10 50 15 15 -
12 60 15 25 -
HBC-A
8 40 8 8 -
HAC-20 10 50 15 15 -
12 60 25 25 -
8 40 8 8 -
HAC-30 HBC-B 10 50 15 15 -
12 60 30 25 -
Steel – Steel
July 2012 45
Anchor Channel Design
10 50 15 15 48
12 60 25 25 70
HAC-40
16 80 60 60 200
10 50 15 15 48
12 60 25 25 70
HAC-50
16 80 60 60 200
HBC-C
20 100 120 120 400
HBC-C-E
HBC-C-N
10 50 15 15 48
Steel – Steel
12 60 25 25 70
HAC-60
16 80 60 60 200
10 50 15 15 48
12 60 25 25 70
HAC-70
16 80 60 60 200
July 2012
46
Anchor Channel Design
July 2012 47
Anchor Channel Design
5.9 Characteristic resistance for steel failure of special screw type HBC-A, HBC-B,
HBC-C, HBC-C-E, HBC-C-N
Data according ETA-11/0006, issued 2012-02-28
Special screw Ø M8 M10 M12 M16 M20
4.6 14.6 23.2 33.7 - -
HBC-A
A4-50 18.3 29.0 42.2 - -
Tensile, 4.6 14.6 23.2 33.7 - -
HBC-B
NRk,s A4-50 18.3 29.0 42.2 - -
[kN] HBC-C 4.6 - 23.2 33.7 62.8 98.0
HBC-C-E 8.8 - 46.4 67.4 125.6 196.0
HBC-C-N A4-50 - 29.0 42.2 78.5 122.5
4.6 2.00
γMs 8.8 1.50
A4-50 2.86
4.6 7.3 11.6 16.8 - -
HBC-A
A4-50 9.2 14.5 21.1 - -
Shear 4.6 7.3 11.6 20.2 - -
HBC-B
VRk,s A4-50 9.2 14.5 24.0 - -
[kN] HBC-C 4.6 - 13.9 20.2 37.6 58.8
HBC-C-E 8.8 - 23.2 33.7 62.7 97.9
HBC-C-N A4-50 - 17.4 25.3 47.0 73.4
4.6 1.67
γMs 8.8 1.25
A4-50 2.38
4.6 15.0 29.9 52.4 - -
HBC-A
A4-50 18.7 37.4 65.5 - -
Flexure 4.6 15.0 29.9 52.4 - -
HBC-B
M0Rk,s A4-50 18.7 37.4 65.5 - -
[Nm] HBC-C 4.6 - 29.9 52.4 133.2 259.6
HBC-C-E 8.8 - 59.8 104.8 266.4 519.3
HBC-C-N A4-50 - 37.4 65.5 166.5 324.5
4.6 1.67
γMs 8.8 1.25
A4-50 2.38
July 2012
48
Anchor Channel Design
July 2012 49
Anchor Channel Design
Verification of splitting due to installation not relevant if min. values for h, s, c are fulfilled
July 2012
50
Anchor Channel Design
July 2012 51
Anchor Channel Design
C12/15 0.77
C16/20 0.89
C20/25 1.00
Amplificatio C25/30 1.10
n factor for
C30/37 Ψc 1.22
concrete
strength [-] C35/45 1.34
C40/50 1.41
C45/55 1.48
≥C50/60 = (fck,cube / 25 N/mm2)1/2
1
αs,V =
n
si Vi
1.5
Effect for neighboring
αs,V
anchors [-] 1+ ∑ 1−
⋅
i=1 scr,V V0
Characteristic spacing
scr,V 4c1+52.4 4c1+55 4c1+82.6 4c1+81.8 4c1+83.8 4c1+86.8 4c1+90.8
of anchor [mm]
0.5
Effect of corner of the c
αc,V αc,V = 2 ≤ 1.0
concrete member [-]
c cr,V
Characteristic edge
2c1+27.
distance of anchor ccr,N 2c1+26.2 2c1+41.3 2c1+40.9 2c1+41.9 2c1+43.4 2c1+45.4
5
[mm]
Effect of thickness of h
1
2
structural component [- αh,V αh, V =
≤ 1.0
] hcr,V
Characteristic height
hcr,V 2c1+16.7 2c1+18.0 2c1+25.6 2c1+28.0 2c1+31.0 2c1+35.5 2c1+40.0
[mm]
Effect of load parallel 2)
α90°,V 2.5
to the edges [-]
1.0
anchor channel in cracked concrete without edge reinforcement or stirrups
1.2
anchor channel in cracked concrete with straight edge reinforcement (≥ ø
Effect of reinforcement 12mm)
Ψre,V
[-]
1.4
anchor channel in cracked concrete with edge reinforcement and stirrups with a
spacing a ≤ 100mm and a ≤ 2c1 or uncracked concrete
1)
γMp = γMc 1.5
1)
In absence of national regulations
2)
In all other cases α90°,V =1.0
July 2012
52
Anchor Channel Design
5.15 Characteristic fire resistance for steel failure of channel in cracked concrete
C20/25
Data according ETA-11/0006, issued 2012-02-28
Anchor channel HAC-10 HAC-20 HAC-30 HAC-40 HAC-50 HAC-60 HAC-70
Tensile, anchor, R30 0.9 1.4 2.5 2.8 5.7 5.7 5.7
connection
channel anchor,
R60 0.7 1.1 1.8 2.3 4.0 4.0 4.0
local flexure of
channel lip,
1)
NRk,s,fi [kN] R90 0.5 0.7 1.1 1.7 2.3 2.3 2.3
2)
γMs,fi 1.0
5.16 Characteristic fire resistance for steel failure of special screw type HBC-A, HBC-B,
HBC-C
Data according ETA-11/0006, issued 2012-02-28
Special screw Ø M8 M10 M12 M16 M20
R30 0.6 1.3 1.4 - -
HBC-A R60 0.5 1.0 1.1 - -
R90 0.3 0.6 0.7 - -
Tensile, R30 1.0 1.7 2.5 - -
NRk,s,s,fi HBC-B R60 0.8 1.3 1.8 - -
[kN] R90 0.6 0.9 1.1 - -
R30 - 2.5 3.1 5.7 5.7
HBC-C R60 - 1.9 2.5 4.0 4.0
R90 - 1.3 1.9 2.3 2.3
1)
γMs,fi 1.00
R30 7.3 11.6 16.8 - -
HBC-A R60
R90 9.2 14.5 21.1 - -
Shear R30 7.3 11.6 20.2 - -
VRk,s HBC-B R60
[kN] R90 9.2 14.5 24.0 - -
R30 - 13.9 20.2 37.6 58.8
HBC-C R60 - 23.2 33.7 62.7 97.9
R90 - 17.4 25.3 47.0 73.4
1)
γMs,fi 1.00
1)
In absence of other national regulations the safety factor γMs,fi = 1.0 under fire exposure is recommended
July 2012 53
Anchor Channel Design
5.17 Design tensile pull-out failure under fire in cracked concrete C20/25
NRk,p
NRd,p,fi = 0.25 ⋅ ⋅ψ (≤R90) acc. to CEN/TS 1992-4-1, Annex D
γ Mc,fi c
Data according ETA-11/0006, issued 2012-02-28
Anchor channel HAC-10 HAC-20 HAC-30 HAC-40 HAC-50 HAC-60 HAC-70
Characteristic resistance, NRk,p
for C20/25, normal temperature 20.37 31.73 13.36 17.20 24.55 38.74 53.44
[kN]
γMc,fi 1) 1.0
Design resistance, NRd,p,fi for
5.09 7.93 3.34 4.30 6.14 9.69 13.36
C20/25 cracked concrete [kN]
1)
In absence of other national regulations the safety factor γMc,fi = 1.0 under fire exposure is recommended
July 2012
54
Anchor Channel Design
5.18 Design tensile concrete cone failure under fire in cracked concrete C20/25
N Rk,
0
=
h ef ⋅ N 0 (≤R90) acc. to CEN/TS 1992-4-1, Annex D
c, fi
200 Rk, c
0
N Rk, c, fi
N Rd, c, fi = ⋅ α s,N, fi ⋅ α e,N, fi ⋅ α c,N, fi ⋅ ⋅ψ re,N
γ Mc, fi
Fire Exposure from one side only Fire Exposure from more than one side
hef
u ≥c1,fi
≥c1,fi u u
July 2012 55
Anchor Channel Design
5.19 Design shear pry out failure under fire in cracked concrete C20/25
N
V =k ⋅ Rk,c,fi
γ
Rd, cp,fi 5
Mc, fi
July 2012
56
Anchor Channel Design
5.20 Design shear concrete edge failure under fire in cracked concrete C20/25
VRk,
0
c,fi = 0.25 ⋅ VRk,c
0
(≤R90) acc. to CEN/TS 1992-4-1, Annex D
] cr, V, fi
Characteristic height
hcr,V,fi 2c1+16.7 2c1+18.0 2c1+25.6 2c1+28.0 2c1+31.0 2c1+35.5 2c1+40.0
[mm]
Effect of load parallel 2)
α90°,V,fi 2.5
to the edges [-]
1.0
anchor channel in cracked concrete without edge reinforcement or stirrups
1.2
anchor channel in cracked concrete with straight edge reinforcement (≥ ø
Effect of reinforcement 12mm)
Ψre,V
[-]
1.4
anchor channel in cracked concrete with edge reinforcement and stirrups with a
spacing a ≤ 100mm and a ≤ 2c1 or uncracked concrete
γMc,fi 1) 1.0
1)
In absence of other national regulations the safety factor γMc,fi = 1.0 under fire exposure is recommended
2)
In all other cases α90°,V,fi =1.0
July 2012 57
Anchor channel example
6 Design examples
6.1 Example 1: Anchor channel subjected to static load (2-legged anchor channel)
July 2012
58
Anchor channel example
July 2012 59
Anchor channel example
General remarks
According to CEN 1994-4-3 the following verifications have to be done:
The verifications are calculated with the directly acting load and with the
distributed anchor load, respectively. For this reason, the distributed loads
acting on the anchor have to be calculated first. Please note that these loads
heavily depend on the load position of the acting external load. In other
words, the verification is only valid for the given load position of the screw.
July 2012
60
Anchor channel example
July 2012 61
Anchor channel example
0.5
c 190
0.5
July 2012
62
Anchor channel example
1
α 2s,V = = 0.451
Effect of neighboring 1 150 1.5 2.69
anchors, anchor 2 1 + ∑ 1 − ⋅
842
i =1 1.65
0.5
c ∞
0.5
July 2012 63
Anchor channel example
VRd
β1=2.69/41.2 7% 1
Pry-out
β2=1.65/29.9 6% 2
β1=2.69/26.5 10% 1
concrete edge
β2=1.65/12.7 13% 2
July 2012
64
Anchor channel example
July 2012 65
Anchor channel example
6.2 Example 2: Anchor channel subjected to static load (3-legged anchor channel)
July 2012
66
Anchor channel example
July 2012 67
Anchor channel example
General remarks
According to CEN 1994-4-3 the following verifications have to be done:
The verifications are calculated with the directly acting load and with the
distributed anchor load, respectively. For this reason, the distributed loads
acting on the anchor have to be calculated first. Please note that these loads
heavily depend on the load position of the acting external load. In other
words, the verification is only valid for the given load position of the screw.
July 2012 69
Anchor channel example
MRk,s,flex 1013Nm
MRd,s,flex = M = = 0.881kNm
γ Ms,flex Rd,s,flex
1.15
Characteristic Anchor 1: N1Rk,c = 33.31⋅ 0.417 ⋅ 0.716 ⋅1.0 ⋅1.0 ⋅1.0 = 9.95kN
2
resistance Anchor 2: NRk,c = 33.31 ⋅ 0.663 ⋅ 0.716 ⋅1.0 ⋅1.0 ⋅1.0 = 15.81kN
3
Anchor 3: NRk,c = 33.31 ⋅ 0.417 ⋅ 0.716 ⋅ 0.947 ⋅1.0 ⋅1.0 = 9.42kN
NRk,c
Anchor 1: NRd,c = = 6.63kN
γ Mc
N
Design Anchor 2: NRd,c = Rk,c = 10.54kN
resistance γ Mc
N
Anchor 3: NRd,c = Rk,c = 6.28kN
γ Mc
Design concrete splitting resistance
July 2012
70
Anchor channel example
Verification not necessary since the characteristic resistance for concrete cone failure,
concrete blow-out failure and pull-out failure is calculated for cracked concrete and
reinforcement resists the splitting forces and limits the crack width to wk ≤ 0.3 mm.
July 2012 71
Anchor channel example
0.5
475
Effect of
Anchor 1 α 1c,V = = 1.40 > 1.0
corner 2 241
0.5
Effect of 325
Anchor 2 α 2c,V = = 1.16 > 1.0
corner 2
241
0.5
Effect of 175
Anchor 3 α 3c,V = = 0.852
corner 2
241
Effect of 0.5 0.5
thickness of h 150
α h,V =
≤ 1.0 α h,V = = 0.765
structural
h cr,V 256
component
Effect of load
parallel to α90°,V = 1.0
edge
VRk,c = VRk,
0
c ⋅ α s,V ⋅ α c, V ⋅ α h, V ⋅ α 90 °,V
1
Characteristic Anchor 1: VRk,c = 2 4.0 ⋅ 0.377 ⋅ 1.0 ⋅ 0.765 ⋅ 1.0 = 6. 92kN
2
resistance Anchor 2: VRk,c = 24.0 ⋅ 0.623 ⋅ 1.0 ⋅ 0.765 ⋅ 1.0 = 11.44kN
3
Anchor 3: VRk,c = 24.0 ⋅ 0.377 ⋅ 0.852 ⋅ 0.765 ⋅ 1.0 = 5.90kN
VRk,c
Anchor 1: VRd,c = = 4.61kN
γ Mc
V
Design Anchor 2: VRd,c = Rk,c = 7.63kN
resistance γ Mc
V
Anchor 3: VRd,c = Rk,c = 3.93kN
γ Mc
July 2012
72
Anchor channel example
β2=3.64/11.5 32% 2
β3=1.92/11.5 17% 3
β1=1.92/6.63 29% 1
Concrete cone failure β2=3.64/10.54 35% 2
β3=1.92/6.28 31% 3
Splitting failure N/A
Blow out N/A
VRd
β1=2.57/13.3 19% 1
Pry-out β2=4.86/21.1 23% 2
β3=2.57/12.6 20% 3
β1=2.57/4.6 56% 1
concrete edge β2=4.86/7.6 64% 2
β3=2.57/3.9 66% 3
Anchor 3:
Tension: Concrete Cone 31%
Shear: Concrete failure concrete edge 66%
Interaction concrete N + β V ≤ 1.0
β1.5 1.5
0.311.5 + 0.66 1.5 = 0.71 ≤ 1
July 2012 73
Anchor channel example
6.3 Example 3: Anchor channel subjected to a fire load (2-legged anchor channel)
July 2012
74
Anchor channel example
July 2012 75
Anchor channel example
General remarks
According to CEN TS 1992-4-3:2009; ETA-11/0006 and TR020 following
verifications need to be done:
The verifications for fire loading are calculated with the direct acting load and
with the distributed anchor load, respectively, same procedure as shown in
example 1 for tensile and shear loading.
For this reason, the distributed loads acting on the anchor have to be
calculated first. Please note that these loads heavily depend on the load
position of the acting external load. In other words, the verification is only
valid for the given load position of the screw.
A reduction of the fire resistance class of the concrete member due to the
anchor channel is not evaluated in the approval.
July 2012
76
Anchor channel example
γ ୟ ୧
, , ୧
Nୖୢ ୱ ୟ = 1 0 = 2 8kN
, , , ୧
.
.
, , .
γ ୧
, ୧
,
Nୖୢ ୱ = 1 0 = 2 8kN
, , , ୧
.
.
, , .
γ
୧
,
, ୧
Nୖୢ ୱ = 1 0 = 2 8kN
, ,
,୧
.
.
, , .
γ ୱ ୧
, , ୧
Nୖୢ ୱ ୱ = 1 0 = 5 7kN
, , ,୧
.
.
, , .
July 2012 77
Anchor channel example
N
17 2
Pull-out resistance fire Nୖୢ
= 0 25
, ୧
,
. ∙
γ
,
Nୖୢ
= 0 25 1 0 = 4 3kN
, ୧
,
. ∙
.
.
, , ୧ .
h 91
N = N N = 33 31 = 15 15kN
Basic Fire resistance
200
∙ ∙ . .
, ,୧ ,
200 , ୧
,
1 1
Effect of neighboring αୱ ୧ = α
= = 0 731
N 150 0 76
.
, ,
1 + ∑
ቈ൬1 − s 1 + ∑
ቈ1 − 520
, ,
s
. .
.
൰
anchors, anchor 1
N
୧ ୧
୧
ୡ୰ , , ୧
∙
1 24 ୧
∙
.
1
Effect of neighboring α
= = 0 463 .
150 1 24
1 + ∑ ቈ1 − 520 ∙ 0 76
, , .
anchors, anchor 2
.
୧
.
.
c
α ୧ = ≤10 α ୧ = ≤ 0 855
.
Effect of edges . .
cୡ୰ ୧
, , , ,
, ,
= ∞> 10
.
c
αୡ ୧ = ≤ 10 =
.
Effect of corner 1 .
ୡ .
cୡ୰ ୧ ୧
, , , ,
, ,
ୡ = = 1 20 > 1 0
.
Effect of corner 2 , , ୧
. .
,
= ౡౙ = 5 99kN
,
Design resistance
Anchor 2: Nୖୢ ୧
, ,
, ,
.
,
γ ୧
, , ୧
V ୱ = = 2 8kN
.
.
10
, ,
,
, , , ୧
, .
,
, , ୧
10 .
∙ N ୡ ୧ 2 ∙ 5 99kN
k
Anchor 2
V ୧ =,
γ ୧ ,
, ,
V , , ୧
= 1 0 = 11 98kN
.
.
.
,
condition
Basic resistance
ୡ ୧ = 0.25 ∙ ! " = 0 25 62 86kN = 15 72kN
including
V V ୡ ୧
. ∙ . .
reinforcement , , , , ,
condition, fire
1 1
Effect of neighboring αୱ ୧ = αୱ ୧ = = 0 686
150 0 57
.
V
, ,
1 + ∑
ቈ൬1 − s ∑
1 + ቈ1 − 842 ∙ 0 93
, ,
s
. .
anchors, anchor 1 ୧
൰ ୧
.
୧
ୡ୰ ୧ , ,
∙
V ୧
.
1
Effect of neighboring αୱ ୧ = = 0 451
150 0 93
.
∑
1 + ቈ1 − 842 ∙ 0 57
, , .
anchors, anchor 2
.
୧
.
Effect of corner 1 αୡ ୧ =
c
.
≤ 10 . αୡ ୧ =
∞ = ∞> 10 .
.
, ,
cୡ୰ ୧ , ,
, ,
421
225 .
Effect of thickness of
250
.
c .
component , ,
ౡ ౙ
Anchor 1: Vୖୢ ୧ = = 8 16kN , ,
.
Design fire , ,
,
resistance
Anchor 2: Vୖୢ ୧ , ,
= = 3 92N ౡ ౙ ,
,
,
.
July 2012 79
Anchor channel example
VRd
β1=0.93/18.9 5% 1
Pry-out
β2=0.57/11.98 5% 2
β1=0.93/8.16 11% 1
concrete edge
β2=0.57/3.92 15% 2
July 2012
80
Anchor channel example
Anchor 2:
Tension: Steel failure of anchor 27%
Shear: Concrete failure concrete edge 15%
Interaction concrete N + β V ≤ 1.0
β1.5 1.5
0 27 + 0 15 = 0 20 ≤ 1 0
.
.
.
.
. .
July 2012 81