HOMEWORK 1

1. Approximate:
a. Length of a typical virus: between 20 and 300 nm
b. Thickness of A4 paper: between 0.007 and 0.016 inches
c. Distance to the moon: 384,400km
d. Distance to Pluto: 7500000000 km
e. Distance to Andromeda Galaxy: 2537000 light years
2. Approximate time interval in seconds:
a. Shortest light pulse in Lab: 43 attoseconds = 4.3 ∗ 10−17 seconds
b. Human life expectancy: 79 years = 2.49299715 ∗ 109seconds
c. Age of the pyramid of Cheops: 4500 years = 1.42006167 ∗ 1011 seconds
d. Lifetime of the universe: 13.799 years = 4.3545022 ∗ 1017 seconds
e. Lifetime of the proton: 1032 years = 3.1556926 ∗ 1039 seconds
3. Mass in kilograms:
a. The proton: 1.6726219*10-27kilograms
b. Uranium atom: 1.66053873*10-27kilograms
c. Orange: 0.262 kilograms
d. Ocean liner:
e. Moon: 7.34767309*1022kilograms
f. The known universe: 1053 kilograms
4. R=60µm
D= 2600 kg/m3
a. Mass of sand grains have total surface area of 10 m2
Surface A of each sand grains = πR2 = 4*3.14*(60µm)2= 45216µm2
10 m2 = 10000000000000 µm2
Number of sand grains needed = 10000000000000µm2/45216µm2
= 221160651
Volume of each sand grains = (60*10-6)3*3.14*4/3 = 9043.2*10-16 m3
Volume of all sand grains = 9043.2*10-16*221160651=0.0002m3
Mass of sand grains = 0.0002*2600=0.51999kg
b. Mass of sand grains which cover a 10m2 playground
Area of the circle contain radius = 3.14*(60*10-6)2=0.0000000113m2
Number of sand grains needed = 10/0.0000000113 = 884955750
 Volume of all sand grains = 884955750*9043.2*10-16=0.0008m3
Mass of sand grains = 0.0008*2600 = 2.08kg
5. Fuel consumption = 40 miles per UK gallon
S = 750 miles
a. How many gallons the tourist needed for the trip?
750/40 = 18.75 gallons
b. How many the car actually needs?
750/[40*(1US gallon/1UK gallon)]= 750/[40*(3.7854118/4.54609)]
= 22.52 gallons
c. How many litters per kilometers?
1 UK gallon per 40 miles = 4.54609 liters per 40 miles = 0.11365225 liters
per 1 miles = 0.07062 liters per 1 kilometers