Professional Documents
Culture Documents
CHFEN 3553 Chemical Reaction Engineering: Name: Student ID
CHFEN 3553 Chemical Reaction Engineering: Name: Student ID
Final Examination
May 4, 2005; 1 PM – 3 PM
Name:
Student ID:
Answer all questions – Total is 100 points
1. A reversible reaction A R B is taking place in a PFR. The equilibrium constant (in terms of
concentrations) is 4. 50% of the equilibrium conversion is obtained. A CSTR of equal size is placed
downstream of the PFR (PFR-CSTR) to increase conversion. What is the total conversion in the reactor
sequence with this arrangement?
20 points
A⇔ B
Solution to the first-order reversible constant volume PFR
⎛ Xe ⎞
kτ = X e ln ⎜ ⎟
⎝ Xe − X ⎠
C C A0 X e Xe
Ke = 4 = B = =
C A C A0 (1 − X e ) (1 − X e )
1 1
= 1+
Xe Ke
X e = 0.8
X 1 ( given) = 0.5 ⋅ 0.8 = 0.4
In the first situation,
⎛ Xe ⎞ ⎛ 0.8 ⎞
kτ = X e ln ⎜ ⎟ = 0.8ln ⎜ ⎟ = 0.5545
⎝ Xe − X ⎠ ⎝ 0.8 − 0.4 ⎠
CSTR of equal size placed placed downstream
V X − X1
= 2
FA0 −r2
CB ⎛ X ⎞
− r2 = k (C A − ) = kC A0 ⎜ (1 − X 2 ) − 2 ⎟
Ke ⎝ Ke ⎠
X 2 − X1
kτ = = 0.5545
⎛ X2 ⎞
⎜ (1 − X 2 ) − ⎟
⎝ Ke ⎠
X 1 = 0.4;Solve for X 2 ; X 2 = 0.5637
2. A liquid antibiotic containing 500 mg of active ingredient is given to a patient with a body fluid of 40 liters.
In the stomach, the antibiotic can either be absorbed into the bloodstream through the stomach walls or can
be eliminated through the gastrointestinal tract. Both these processes are first order with rate constants of
0.25 h-1 and 0.5 h-1 respectively. The only mechanism for the antibiotic to leave the bloodstream is by
elimination through urine. This reaction can also be assumed to be first order with a rate constant of 0.4 h-1.
The doctor wants to find out the exact time at which the concentration of this antibiotic in the blood peaks in
the patient. Determine this time and the concentration of the antibiotic in the blood stream at this time.
20 points
C A − Concentration of drug in stomach
CB − Concentration of drug in blood
dC A
= − k1C A − k2C A
dt
dCB
= k1C A − k3CB
dt
Series reaction
kC
CB = 1 A0 ⎡⎣e − kt − e − k3t ⎤⎦
k3 − k
k = k1 + k2
C A0 = 12.5 mg/l
dCB
Maximum concentration is when =0
dt
1 k
t= ln = 1.796 hours
k − k3 k 3
Substitute in the concentration equation
CB = 2.03 mg/liter
3. The liquid-phase irreversible reaction A → B is carried out in a CSTR. To learn the rate law, the residence
time, τ is varied and the effluent concentrations of species A are measured. Pure A enters the reactor at a
concentration of 7.5 mol/liter in all the runs given below.
Run 1 2 3 4
τ (min) 1 15 30 100
CA (mol/lit) 3.2 0.72 0.46 0.21
a. Write the mole balance for the CSTR where an nth order equation is taking place (in terms of
concentrations and residence time).
b. Show how you will plot the above data to obtain a straight line, and thus determine the reaction
order (n) and reaction rate constant k.
c. Plot the data on the paper provided and find n and k by the method you describe in step b.
20 points
CSTR Eqaution
C A0 − C A
= kC An
τ
⎛ C − CA ⎞
ln ⎜ A0 ⎟ = ln(k ) + n ln C A
⎝ τ ⎠
Plot
⎛ C − CA ⎞
ln ⎜ A0 ⎟ versus ln C A
⎝ τ ⎠
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
-2 -1.5 -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5
-0.5 Series1
-1
-1.5
-2
-2.5
-3
n=1.5
k=0.75
4. The elementary reversible liquid-phase reaction A R B is carried out in a CSTR. The reactor is jacketed
and is surrounded by a jacket. Pure A enters the reactor at a temperature of 270C. The following parameters
are given.
Using the mole balance equation only, a relationship between conversion in the reactor and the reactor
temperature can be obtained. This relationship is shown in the following figure as a plot of XMB versus reactor
temperature.
20 points
1.2
0.8
Xmb
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
280 300 320 340 360 380 400 420 440 460 480
Temperature
UA(T − Ta ) / FA0 + C pA (T − T0 )
X EB = is the energy balance equation. Superimpose on the curve given.
−∆H Rx
1.6
1.4
1.2
1
Conversion
0.8
Xmb
Xeb
Series3
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
300 320 340 360 380 400 420 440 460 480 500
-0.2
Temperature
20 points
kρ 2 ⋅ 2.5
φ=R = 0.5 = 4.0824
D 0.075
3⎛ φ ⎞
η= 2 ⎜
− 1⎟ = 0.5553
φ ⎝ tanh φ ⎠
dX (1 − X ) P
FA0 = − rA' = kC A = η kC A0
dW (1 + ε X ) P0
(1 − X )
= η kC A0 (1 − αW )1/ 2
(1 + ε X )
dX η kC A0 (1 − X )
= (1 − αW )1/ 2
dW FA0 (1 + ε X )
1+ ε X ηk
X W 1
∫0 1 − X dX =
v0 ∫0
(1 − α W ) 2
dW
1 ηk 2
(1 + ε ) ln −ε X = ⎡1 − (1 − αW )3/ 2 ⎤⎦
(1 − X ) v0 3α ⎣
lit
v0 = 36.9 ; X = 0.15; ε = −0.05; α = 0.001; η = 0.5553;
s
k=2
W = 5.387 kg
P
= (1 − αW )1/ 2 = 0.9973
P0
P = 3.989 atm