DESIGN AID J.

1-1
Areas of Reinforcing Bars

Total Areas of Bars (in.2)

Bar Number of Bars
Size 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
No. 3 0.11 0.22 0.33 0.44 0.55 0.66 0.77 0.88 0.99 1.10
No. 4 0.20 0.40 0.60 0.80 1.00 1.20 1.40 1.60 1.80 2.00
No. 5 0.31 0.62 0.93 1.24 1.55 1.86 2.17 2.48 2.79 3.10
No. 6 0.44 0.88 1.32 1.76 2.20 2.64 3.08 3.52 3.96 4.40
No. 7 0.60 1.20 1.80 2.40 3.00 3.60 4.20 4.80 5.40 6.00
No. 8 0.79 1.58 2.37 3.16 3.95 4.74 5.53 6.32 7.11 7.90
No. 9 1.00 2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00 6.00 7.00 8.00 9.00 10.00
No. 10 1.27 2.54 3.81 5.08 6.35 7.62 8.89 10.16 11.43 12.70
No. 11 1.56 3.12 4.68 6.24 7.80 9.36 10.92 12.48 14.04 15.60

Areas of Bars per Foot Width of Slab (in.2/ft)

Bar Bar Spacing (in.)
Size 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
No. 3 0.22 0.19 0.17 0.15 0.13 0.12 0.11 0.10 0.09 0.09 0.08 0.08 0.07
No. 4 0.40 0.34 0.30 0.27 0.24 0.22 0.20 0.18 0.17 0.16 0.15 0.14 0.13
No. 5 0.62 0.53 0.46 0.41 0.37 0.34 0.31 0.29 0.27 0.25 0.23 0.22 0.21
No. 6 0.88 0.75 0.66 0.59 0.53 0.48 0.44 0.41 0.38 0.35 0.33 0.31 0.29
No. 7 1.20 1.03 0.90 0.80 0.72 0.65 0.60 0.55 0.51 0.48 0.45 0.42 0.40
No. 8 1.58 1.35 1.18 1.05 0.95 0.86 0.79 0.73 0.68 0.63 0.59 0.56 0.53
No. 9 2.00 1.71 1.50 1.33 1.20 1.09 1.00 0.92 0.86 0.80 0.75 0.71 0.67
No. 10 2.54 2.18 1.91 1.69 1.52 1.39 1.27 1.17 1.09 1.02 0.95 0.90 0.85
No. 11 3.12 2.67 2.34 2.08 1.87 1.70 1.56 1.44 1.34 1.25 1.17 1.10 1.04
 DESIGN AID J.1-2
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Two or more spans
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 DESIGN AID J.1-4

Simplified Calculation of As Assuming Tension-Controlled Section and

Grade 60 Reinforcement

f c′ (psi) As (in.2)
Mu
3,000
3.84d
Mu
4,000
4.00d
Mu
5,000
4.10d

M u is in ft-kips and d is in inches

Mu
In all cases, As = can be used.
4d

Notes:
Mu
• As =
 0.5 ρf y 
φf y 1 −  × d
 0.85 f ' c 
• For all values of ρ < 0.0125, the simplified As equation is slightly conservative.
• It is recommended to avoid ρ > 0.0125 when using the simplified As equation.
 DESIGN AID J.1-51
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Assumptions:

x *UDGHUHLQIRUFHPHQW f y  SVL
x &OHDUFRYHUWRWKHWHQVLRQUHLQIRUFHPHQW cc  LQ
x &DOFXODWHGVWUHVV f s LQUHLQIRUFHPHQWFORVHVWWRWKHWHQVLRQIDFHDW
VHUYLFHORDG SVL

Bar Beam Width (in.)

Size             
1R             
1R             
1R             
1R             
1R             
1R             
1R             
1R             

Minimum number of bars, nmim:

bw  2(cc  0.5db )
nmin 1
s
GV
where db ôsIRU1RVWLUUXSV
U 
§ 40,000 ·
s 15¨¨ ¸¸  2.5cc sIRU1RVWLUUXSV
© fs ¹ FF
s
§ 40,000 · sFOHDU
d 12¨¨ ¸¸ FV
&OHDUVSDFHt GE
© f s ¹ PD[DJJUHJDWHVL]H
FF EZ

1
Alsamsam, I.M. and Kamara, M. E. (2004). Simplified Design Reinforced Concrete Buildings of
Moderate Size and Heights, EB104, Portland Cement Association, Skokie, IL.
 DESIGN AID J.1-61
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Assumptions:

x *UDGHUHLQIRUFHPHQW f y  NVL
x &OHDUFRYHUWRWKHVWLUUXSV cs  LQ
x ôLQDJJUHJDWH
x 1RVWLUUXSVDUHXVHGIRU1RDQG1RORQJLWXGLQDOEDUVDQG1R
VWLUUXSVDUHXVHGIRU1RDQGODUJHUEDUV

Bar Beam Width (in.)

Size             
1R             
1R             
1R             
1R             
1R             
1R             
1R             
1R             

Maximum number of bars, nmax:

bw  2(cs  d s  r )
nmax 1
(Clear space)  db GV

db ôsIRU1RVWLUUXSV
U 
sIRU1RVWLUUXSV
FF
s
sFOHDU &OHDUVSDFHt GE
FV
PD[DJJUHJDWHVL]H
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1
Alsamsam, I.M. and Kamara, M. E. (2004). Simplified Design Reinforced Concrete Buildings of
Moderate Size and Heights, EB104, Portland Cement Association, Skokie, IL.
 DESIGN AID J.1-7
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&DOFXODWHG


h t " 1 / 18.5 h t " 2 / 21 h t "3 /8

Beams or
Ribbed
One-way
Slabs 2QHHQG %RWKHQGV &DQWLOHYHU
FRQWLQXRXV FRQWLQXRXV

"1 "2 "3

h t " 1 / 24 h t " 2 / 28 h t " 3 / 10

Solid
One-way
Slabs
2QHHQG %RWKHQGV &DQWLOHYHU
FRQWLQXRXV FRQWLQXRXV

"1 "2 "3

x Applicable to one-way construction not supporting or attached to partitions or other construction likely to be
damaged by large deflections.

3
x Values shown are applicable to members with normal weight concrete ( wc 145 lbs/ft ) and Grade 60
reinforcement. For other conditions, modify the values as follows:

ƒ For structural lightweight having wc in the range 90-120 lbs/ft3, multiply the values by
1.65  0.005wc  t 1.09.
 
ƒ For f y other than 60,000 psi, multiply the values by 0.4  f y / 100,000 .

­" / 20 for solid one - way slabs

x For simply-supported members, minimum h ®
¯" / 16 for beams or ribbed one - way slabs
 DESIGN AID J.1-8
Reinforcement Ratio ρ t for Tension-Controlled Sections Assuming Grade 60
Reinforcement

f c′ (psi) ρ t when εt = 0.005 ρ t when εt = 0.004

3,000 0.01355 0.01548
4,000 0.01806 0.02064
5,000 0.02125 0.02429

Notes:

1. C = 0.85 f ' c (β1c )b

T = As f y
C = T ⇒ 0.85 f ' c (β1c )b = As f y

a. When εt = 0.005, c/dt = 3/8.

( )
0.85 f ' c β1 3 d t b = As f y
8

As 0.85β1 f c′( 3 )
ρt = = 8
bd t fy

b. When εt = 0.004, c/dt = 3/7.

( )
0.85 f ' c β1 3 d t b = As f y
7

As 0.85β1 f c′( 3 )
ρt = = 7
bd t fy

2. β1 is determined according to 10.2.7.3.

 DESIGN AID J.1-9

Simplified Calculation of bw Assuming Grade 60 Reinforcement and

ρ = 0.5ρ max

f c′ (psi) bw (in.)*
31.6 M u
3,000
d2
23.7 M u
4,000
d2
20.0 M u
5,000
d2

* M u is in ft-kips and d is in inches

In general:

36,600 M u
bw =
ρ β1 f c′ (1 − 0.2143ρ β1 )d 2

where ρ = ρ / ρ max , f c′ is in psi, d is in inches and M u is in ft-kips

and

0.85β1 f c′ 0.003
ρ max = (10.3.5)
fy 0.004 + 0.003
 DESIGN AID J.1-10
T-beam Construction
8.12

be1 be 2

h = hf

bw1 bw2 bw3

s1 s2

 Span length  Span length

bw1 + 12  4
 
be1 ≤ bw1 + 6h be 2 ≤ bw2 + 16h
 3b b s b b +b s +s
 w1 − w2 + 1  w2 − w1 w3 + 1 2
 4 4 2  2 4 2

be ≤ 4bw

bw
h = hf ≥
2

bw

Isolated T-beam
 DESIGN AID J.1-11

Values of φVs = Vu − φVc (kips) as a Function of the Spacing, s*

s No. 3 U-stirrups No. 4 U-stirrups No. 5 U-stirrups

d/2 19.8 36.0 55.8
d/3 29.7 54.0 83.7
d/4 39.6 72.0 111.6

* Valid for Grade 60 ( f yt = 60 ksi) stirrups with 2 legs (double the tabulated values for
4 legs, etc.).

In general:

φAv f yt d
φVs = (11.4.7.2)
s

where f yt used in design is limited to 60,000 psi, except for welded deformed wire
reinforcement, which is limited to 80,000 psi (11.4.2).
 DESIGN AID J.1-12

Minimum Shear Reinforcement Av,min / s *

Av,min  in.2 
f c′ (psi)  
s  in. 
 
≤ 4,500 0.00083bw

5,000 0.00088bw

* Valid for Grade 60 ( f yt = 60 ksi) shear reinforcement.

In general:

Av,min bw 50bw
= 0.75 f c′ ≥ Eq. (11-13)
s f yt f yt

where f yt used in design is limited to 60,000 psi, except for welded deformed wire
reinforcement, which is limited to 80,000 psi (11.4.2).
 DESIGN AID J.1-13
Torsional Section Properties

Section* Acp pcp Aoh ph

Edge bw be = h - hf ≤ 4hf
bwh + behf 2(h + bw + be) x1y1 2(x1 + y1)
hff
h

hh yyo
1
x1 = bw - 2c - ds
y1 = h - 2c - ds
x1
Interior
be = bw + 2(h - hf) ≤ bw + 8hf
xxo1

hhf bw(h - hf) + behf 2(h + be) x1y1 2(x1 + y1)

f

h yyo
1

x1 = bw - 2c - ds
y1 = h - 2c - ds
bw

L-shaped
bb11
x1
b1h1 + b2h2 2(h1 + h2 + b2) x1y1 + x2y2 2(x1 + x2 + y1)
x2 h1 x1 = b1 - 2c - ds
yy11 y1 = h1 + h2 - 2c - ds
x2 = b2 - b1
y2 = h2 - 2c - ds
y2 h2

b2

Inverted tee
b1
x1

b1h1 + b2h2 2(h1 + h2 + b2) x1y1 + 2x2y2 2(x1 + 2x2 + y1)

x2 h1 x1 = b1 - 2c - ds
y1 = h1 + h2 - 2c - ds
y1
x2 = (b2 - b1)/2
y2 h2 y2 = h2 - 2c - ds

b2

* Notation: xi, yi = center-to-center dimension of closed rectangular stirrup

c = clear cover to closed rectangular stirrup(s)
ds = diameter of closed rectangular stirrup(s)

2
Note: Neglect overhanging flanges in cases where Acp / pcp calculated for a beam with
flanges is less than that computed for the same beam ignoring the flanges (11.5.1.1).
 DESIGN AID J.1-14

Moment of Inertia of Cracked Section Transformed to Concrete, I cr

Cracked Transformed Cracked Moment of Inertia, I cr

Gross Section
Section
b b
b(kd )3
I cr = + nAs (d − kd ) 2
kd 3
n.a. d where
h
2dB + 1 − 1
As nAs kd =
B

b b(kd ) 3
b d′ I cr = + nAs (d − kd ) 2
3
kd
A′s + (n − 1) As′ (kd − d ′) 2
n.a.
h (n – 1)A′s d
where

 rd ′ 
As nAs
 + (1 + r ) − (1 + r )
2
2dB + 1 +
 d 
kd =
B

---continued next page---

I g = bh 3 / 12
n = E s / Ec
B = b /(nAs )
r = (n − 1) As′ /(nAs )
 DESIGN AID J.1-14

Moment of Inertia of Cracked Section Transformed to Concrete, I cr

(continued)

Cracked
Gross Section Transformed Cracked Moment of Inertia, I cr
Section
b b (b − bw )h 3f b (kd ) 3
I cr = + w
hf 12 3
kd
2
h d  hf 
+ (b − bw )h f  kd − 
n.a.
2 
As nAs  
+ nAs (d − kd ) 2
bw
where

C (2d + h f f ) + (1 + f ) 2 − (1 + f )
kd =
C
b b d′
(b − bw )h 3f b (kd ) 3
I cr = + w
hf 12 3
kd
2
A′s d  hf 
yt
h (n – 1)A′s n.a.
+ (b − bw )h f  kd − 

As nAs  2 
+ nAs (d − kd ) 2 + (n − 1) As′ (kd − d ′) 2
bw
where

C (2d + h f f + 2rd ′) + (1 + r + f ) 2 − (1 + r + f )
kd =
C

yt = h − {0.5[(b − bw )h 2f + bw h 2 ] /[(b − bw )h f + bw h]}

I g = (b − bw )h 3f / 12 + bw h 3 / 12 + (b − bw )h f (h − 0.5h f − yt ) 2 + bw h( yt − 0.5h) 2
n = E s / Ec
C = bw /(nAs )
f = h f (b − bw ) /(nAs )
r = (n − 1) As′ /(nAs )
 DESIGN AID J.1-15

Approximate Equation to Determine Immediate Deflection, ∆ i , for Members

Subjected to Uniformly Distributed Loads

5 KM a  2
∆i =
48 Ec I e

where M a = net midspan moment or cantilever moment

 = span length (8.9)

Ec = modulus of elasticity of concrete (8.5.1)

= w1c.5 33 f c′ for values of wc between 90 and 155 pcf

wc = unit weight of concrete

I e = effective moment of inertia (see Flowchart A.1-5.1)

K = constant that depends on the span condition

Span Condition K
Cantilever* 2.0
Simple 1.0

Continuous 1.2 − 0.2( M o / M a )**

* Deflection due to rotation at supports not included

** M o = w 2 / 8 (simple span moment at midspan)


 DESIGN AID J.2-1

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 DESIGN AID J.2-2

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Minimum of "1/4 or ("2)B/4

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Flat Plate or Flat Slab with End Span Integral with Wall

Flat Plate or Flat Slab with End Span Simply Supported on Wall

Page 5 of 11
 DESIGN AID J.2-4

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b

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 "2



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§ x ·x y
x2C A ¨¨    ¸¸  
x1 © y ¹ 


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 ¨¨   ¸¸
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