1-What is a sociolinguistics?

The study of language in relation to social factors, including differences of regional,

class, and occupational dialect, gender differences, and bilingualism.
The way people talk is influenced by the social context in which they are talking, the
same message may be expressed very differently to different people. Sociolinguistics is
concerned with the relationship between language and the context in which it is used.

2-Why do we say the same thing in different ways?

Language provide a variety of ways of saying the same thing which provide clues to
social factors, such as the relationship between the people in the particular situation and how
the speaker feels about the person addressed. And that emphasis how well we know someone.

3-What are the different ways we say things?

Sociolinguistics are interested in the different types of linguistic variation used to express
and reflect social factors. But linguistic variation occurs at other levels of linguistic analysis too,
they provide us with different linguistic styles for use in different social contexts. Influenced by
different social background.

4-Social factors, dimensions and explanations :

The social factors are basic components in sociolinguistics explanations of why don't all
speak the same way, and why we do not all speak in the same way all the time.
Formality increases between participants (speaker and hearer) when the social distance is
greater.Informality(Solidarity) increases when the social distance is little between participants
(speaker and hearer).
social status mean that the person with the higher social status has the choice of using formality
or informality (solidarity) when addressing other persons of lower social status. But, the person
with the lower social status uses only formality when addressing a person of higher social
status.