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The Cabinet exercises two kinds of power. Some of its powers are nominally exercised by the
Emperor with the binding "advice and approval" of the Cabinet. Other powers are explicitly
vested in the Cabinet. Contrary to the practice in many constitutional monarchies, the
Emperor is not even the nominal Chief Executive. Instead, the Constitution explicitly vests
executive authority in the Cabinet. Hence, nearly all of the day-to-day work of governing is
done by the Cabinet.

In practice, much of the Cabinet's authority is exercised by the Prime Minister. Under the
Constitution, the Prime Minister exercises "control and supervision" over the executive
branch, and no law or Cabinet order can take effect without the Prime Minister's
countersignature (and the Emperor's promulgation). While Cabinet Ministers in most other
parliamentary democracies theoretically have some freedom of action (within the limits of
cabinet collective responsibility), the Japanese Cabinet is effectively an extension of the
Prime Minister's authority.