Professional Documents
Culture Documents
INTRODUCTION 1
Index
3 Introduction 25 Chapter 3: Applying AI to your business
17 AI ≠ Best Algorithm
20 AI = TD + ML + HITL
23 Importance of Human-in-the-loop
Introduction
The topic of AI has reached such a fever pitch in In this e-book, we start by giving some insight and
the media with the coverage of driverless cars, context into why your CEO is asking this question, why
conversational bots and even movies made by AI that now, and why you. Then, we will give you a foundational
it’s only a matter of time before every CEO starts asking framework to think about AI so you can give your CEO
their CIO “What’s our AI strategy.” For many CIOs this a thoughtful response. Finally, we will discuss how you
will be a “deer in the headlights” moment since the as CIO, can engage the business on the topic of AI and
topic of AI is so multi-faceted it’s hard to know where to important considerations when evaluating AI vendors.
start. We put together this e-book as a primer for CIOs
wanting to get to grips with the topic of AI.
INTRODUCTION 3
CHAPTER 1
Why is AI
trending now?
INTRODUCTION 4
CIO: Why is my
CEO asking me this?
So, why is the CEO asking you this now? CEOs are
humans too and they react to their environment. Their
environment is often dominated by other CEOs, their
board, and the outside world. AI as a topic has risen to the
boardroom and the popular press with even Vanity Fair
recently publishing an article titled “Suddenly Everyone is
Obsessed with AI.” So if your CEO hasn’t broached the AI
topic yet, they soon will.
Your CEO’s success depends on how well they anticipate As CIO you may be thinking why is this question
these technology disruptions, and use them to your directed at me? Why isn’t he asking the CFO, CTO,
company’s advantage. At the end of the day, your CMO, or COO? To answer that question we need to
company will either be part of the new economy that put AI in the historical context of the role of the CIO.
arises from the disruption, or part of the old order that
fades into oblivion. And if AI is the next big technological
disruption to hit companies, your CEO wants to be on the
right side of this disruption.
A disruptive technology
“enables new markets to emerge”
and disrupts an existing market.
CLAYTON CHRISTENSEN
AUTHOR, THE INNOVATOR’S DILEMMA
The Evolution HR, CRM for sales, Call centers for Support, Email and
Security for all employees. The IT function collected the
of the CIO role business requirements and then selected and delivered
the application. It was very linear, typically took 12+
months and would only change every 5 years.
William Synnott, former Senior Vice President of This new CIO role was not considered a glamorous or
the Bank of Boston, and William Gruber, former even mission-critical role initially. It was predominantly
professor at the MIT Sloan School of Management, measured as a cost center and at one point the role was
first formally defined the role of the CIO in 1981. so unappreciated that the joke started circulating that
They defined the CIO as the job title commonly CIO stood for “Career is Over.”
given to the most senior executive in an enterprise
But like many executive roles, CIOs have had to evolve from mainframes to client-server technology, but in the
in response to their changing environment. For CIOs last 15 years the frequency and power of the waves has
the biggest change in their environment was the increased. A great CIO is like a great surfer. They can see
nature of technology available to the enterprise. These the wave from far away and they can time how and when
changes would appear as waves to the IT function, to ride it.
starting from far away but gaining in power as they
approached. Either CIOs had to learn to ride the wave, After 20+ years of calm, glassy sea the first big wave hit.
or be overpowered by the wave. Up until about 2005 Bigger and faster than anything a CIO had experienced
there was just one wave, which was the transition previously. Drown or ride, those were your choices.
The second wave: This wave is still in motion. It hasn’t crashed on the
Small Data to Big Data
shore yet. But on the horizon the beginnings of a third
The constant during the first wave was that IT’s primary wave are emerging.
responsibility was still enabling business processes. This
forced IT to focus almost exclusively on the applications
The third wave:
running underneath those business processes. As the Unintelligent applications to AI
concept of the data itself being valuable and needing
During the explosion of the number of cloud applications
managing hit the mainstream in 2011 with the McKinsey
being used inside an organization, these applications were
Global Institute publication of “Big data: The next
still unintelligent. Namely, the application itself didn’t do
frontier for innovation, competition, and productivity,”
anything unless a human took an action – responded to
the role of the CIO changed once again.
a support ticket, updated a sales opportunity – or maybe
pre programmed a defined rule to follow – such as nurture
CIO’s had to become familiar with the 5Vs (Volume,
a lead based on the lead activities. These applications
Velocity, Variety, Variability, and Veracity) of big data.
were predominantly backward looking. They told you what
They had to understand new storage and compute
A framework for
understanding AI
A FRAMEWORK FOR UNDERSTANDING AI 14
In Chapter 1, we gave some insight and context into why
your CEO is asking this question, why now, and why you.
In Chapter 2, we will give you a foundational framework
to think about AI so you can give your CEO a thoughtful
response.
AI ≠ Best Algorithm
He reviewed the timing of the most publicized AI was training an artificial neural network – a computational
advances over the past 30 years, with the evidence model that draws inspiration from how brains work – in
suggesting many major AI breakthroughs have actually image classification. One of the tasks was identifying
been constrained by the availability of high-quality dumbbells. The ANN was trained by showing them many
training datasets. examples of what Google wanted them to learn, hoping
they extract the essence of the matter at hand (e.g., a
To further illustrate this, let’s take a look at some of dumbbell needs a handle and 2 weights), and learn to
the research published by Google on artificial neural ignore what doesn’t matter (a dumbbell can be different
networks (ANN) that use learning algorithms. Google weights, sizes, colors, or orientation).
TD
is Training Data. Training Data is a set of
AI = TD + ML + HITL
inputs with the correct outputs or examples
We believe this is the essential equation that the CIO with the correct labels that can be used to train the
needs to understand if AI is to be a commercial success machine. In this example, the input is the unstructured
inside an enterprise. So, let’s break it down and imagine text inside a support ticket. The output or answer is the
a company is trying to create an AI solution that can label “severity level,” which has been applied by humans
categorize customer support tickets by severity level based according to definitions of severity levels specific to the
on the unstructured text showing an exchange between company in question. An automotive manufacturer will
a customer and a customer support rep discussing a want to define these severity levels differently from a
particular topic or problem within the support ticket. retail banker or a wearable technology company.
Applying AI to
your business
A FRAMEWORK FOR UNDERSTANDING AI 25
In the first chapter, we gave some insight and context into
why your CEO is asking this question, why now, and why you
the CIO. In the second chapter, we gave you a foundational
framework to think about AI so you could give your CEO a
thoughtful response. In this chapter we will discuss how you can
engage the business on the topic of AI and consider important
criteria when evaluating AI vendors.
CONCLUSION 35
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