S13 Solution _A smoking lounge that can accommodate 15 smokers is considered. The required minimum flow rate of air that needs to be supplied to the lounge and the diameter of the duct are to be determined. Assumptions Infiltration of air into the smoking lounge is negligible. Properties The minimum fresh air requirements for a smoking lounge is given to be 30 L’s per person. Analysis The required minimum flow rate of air that needs to be supplied to the lounge is determined directly from ic = Vaispr pesca (NO. of persons) = (30 L/s-person)(15 persons) = 450L/s = 0.45 m/s Sinking iam The volume flow rate of fresh air can be expressed as V =VA=V(aD"/4) 15 smokers Solving for the diameter D and substituting, 30 Lis person pf _ [oasmiss) _ Var “| zms) Therefore, the diameter of the fresh air duct should be at least 26.8 em ifthe velocity ofar is not to exceed 8 mvs. .268 m Discussion Fresh air requirements in buildings must be taken seriously to avoid health problems,Chapter § Mass, Bernoulli, and Energy Equations 5.38¢ Solution We are to discuss and compare two different types of manometer arrangements in a flow Analysis Arrangement 1 consists of a Pitot probe that measures the stagnation pressure at the pipe centerline, along ‘with a static pressure tap that measures static pressure at the bottom of the pipe. Aeangement 2 is a Pitot-static probe that measures both stagnation pressure and static pressure at nearly the same location at the pipe centerline. Because of this, arrangement 2 is more accurate, However. it tums out that static pressure in a pipe varies with elevation actoss the pipe cross section in much the same way as in hydrostatics. Therefore, arrangement 1 is also very accurate, and the elevation difference between the Pitot probe and the static pressure tap is nearly compensated by the change in hydrostatic pressure. ‘Since elevation changes are not important in either arrangement, there is no change in our analysis when the water is replaced by a Discussion Ignoring the effects of gravity. the pressure at the centerline of a turbulent pipe flow is actually somewhat smaller than that at the wall due to the turbulent eddies in the flow, but this effect is small,ow raver ROWS wOURE-o LOLA aI pspe- War CUIIRS OF HWY SCC OLE 9peCLTICU Fate Bue WIESE height of a mercury manometer placed between the two pipe sections is to be determined. Assumptions The flow through the pipe is steady. incompressitle, and isrotational with negligible frictional effects (so ‘that the Bernoulli equation is applicable). 2 The losses in the reduciag section are negligible. Properties The densities of mercury and water are gg 847 Ibav? and y= 62.4 Tha Analysis We take points 1 and 2 along the centerline of the pipe over the two tubes of the manometer. Noting that = ‘the Bemoulli equation between points | and ? gives AWG 5 Bien Pe ‘We let the differential height of the mercury manometer be hi aad the distance betweea the centerline and the mercury level in the tube where mercury is raised be s. Then the pressure difference P)—P; can also be expressed as, Ft pyg(s>h) Combining Eqs. (1) and (2) and solving for f, -W) 2 + Pw8S+ Pugh - AP = (Ong Pw)gh 2) pe) 7-7 2e(Px— Pu) 28m! Py 2) (eng Pudgh > Calculating the velocities and substituting, is 3 a gals _ (0.133688 Jtsaas A Desa waZA4{ Lge 6 2 pw Igals (01336887) 5 50. wDii4 x@Qi2m?/s\ Leal n= O13 Bs — 053 RS)" _ 99435 =0.52in 26: ‘Therefore. the differential height of the mercury column will be 0.5? in. ls? 847 62.4-1) Discussion In reality, there are frictiona! losses in the pipe, and the pressure at locaticn 2 will actually be smaller than that estimated here, and therefore h will be larger than that calculated here,