pirect-Current Generators URE OF ELECTRIC MACHINES STRUCT! . 61: BASIC : 5 two main parts, stator and A rotating electric machine has = lop SePataley by the air gap- The stator © nee rotors fe trove and normally i hefner pal of he ma eat stator and rotor are made of ferromagnetic materials. Slots are Cut o inner periphery of the stator and the OUIET Peiphery-of the rotor, Conga coe eh main magnetic flux. The outer frame or yoke is a holt ne ae Steel or rolled steel, An even number of pole cores artis! e. serves “gyoke. The yoke serves the following two Purposes’: (a) It 7 i uF Supports the pole cores and acts as protecting cover to the os () It forms a Part of the Magnetic circuit, 468Wen ea Field windings eam re Commutator Armature conductors Fig. 6.1(a). Main parts ofa 4-pole dc. machine. Interpole ce the poles project inwards they are called salient poles. Each pole core mice having a curved surface. The pole shoe serves two purposes : ie js Po @ It supports the field coils. (i) Iincreases the cross-sectional area of the magnetic circuit and reduces. its reluctance. The pole cores are made of sheet steel laminations that are insulated from pxhother and riveted together. The poles are laminated to reduce eddy-current loss. tach pole core has one or more field coils (windings) placed over it to produce a magnetic field. The field coils (or exciting coils) are connected in series ith one another such that when the current flows through the coils, alternate tthand south poles are produced in the direction of rotation. $22 Armature The rotating part of the d.c. machine is called the armature. The armature insists of a shaft upon which a laminated cylinder, called armature core, is Tmunled. The armature core has grooves or slots on its outer surface. The lamina- ‘ns are insulated from each other and tightly clamped together. In small ma- tines the laminations are keyed directly to the shaft. In large machines they are Tounted on a spider. The purpose of using laminations is to reduce eddy-current loss. The insulated conductors inductors are we are put in the slots of the armature core. The Mevent thery n fly dged and bands of steel wire are fastened round the core to ing under centrifugal forces. The conductors are suitably con- | This conne pes Cled arrangement of conductors is called armature winding. ~_Wifdings are used—wave and lap. Com, " Smmutator and brushgear Ubi lemating volt fy direct Hoe et Curre Wot ‘age is produced in a coil rotating in a magnetic field. To Tit init ea = asd hin, etEl - eC 7 bars or segments insulated from each other and fro, the hard-drawn copper = ring around the shaft of the armature. Each com, * shag ted to the ends of the armature coils (Fig. 6.1), Ua, The segments foi segment is connec Fig. 6.1(b), Commuters, r Current is collected from imature-winding-bymeans of two or S carbon brushes mounted on the commen ne sin brush is supported inane box called-a brish box oF brusirlolder. The pressure exerted by the brushes om ; commutator can be adjusted le springs. Current produced in the a : tor and then to the external circuit MAGNETIC CIRCUIT OF A D.C. GENERATOR The magnetic circuit of broken lines indicate the Main fh by means of brushes. 6.3 Yoke Fig. 6.2. Magnetic circuit of 94 pole d.c. generator. Armature