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Vocabulary
1 Choose the correct answer.

1. Could you … this … for me on your way to work?

a. drop … off b. break … down
2. I don’t like walking down this … at night.
a. lane b. roundabout
3. Bob received a … for driving without a seat belt.
a. poll b. fine
4. The city lowered the … on this road to increase road safety.
a. traffic jam b. speed limit
5. If you need to buy some petrol, … the next petrol station.
a. pick up b. pull into
6. It’s difficult for smokers to … after so many years.
a. break this habit b. speed up
7. The head teacher … the school rules by giving out punishments.
a. enforces b. runs over

2 Choose the correct answer to show that you have understood the meaning of the words in bold.

1. Mary slowed down when she saw the children at the corner.
a. She stopped driving.
b. She didn’t drive as fast as before.
2. Professor Higgins went on a worldwide lecture tour.
a. He lectured about many countries.
b. He travelled to many countries.
3. The performance was delayed because the singer hadn’t arrived.
a. The performance started late.
b. The performance started on time.
4. Please use the exit on the left side of the room.
a. Enter the room through the left door.
b. Leave through the left door.
5. Cautious drivers are rarely involved in accidents.
a. They drive carefully.
b. They drive dangerously.

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3 Complete the sentences with the words and phrases below.

fatal • boot • stuck • campaign • zebra crossing • jaywalk • head-on collision

1. It’s difficult to cross this busy street because there’s no …………………… .
2. There’s no room in the …………………… for all the packages.
3. Tom is …………………… in a business meeting and will be late for dinner.
4. Katie was lucky to survive the …………………… with only a broken arm.
5. You risk your life when you …………………… .
6. The shop hired top models for its new advertising …………………… .
7. Medical research is always looking for a way to cure …………………… diseases.

4 Replace the words and phrases in bold with the words and phrases below.

resist the urge • prove • distracted • overtake • unaware

1. Steve almost hit another car because he was unable to concentrate because of the news.
……………………
2. The facts show without a doubt that he is innocent. ……………………
3. She seemed not to know that her joke had insulted some people at the party. ……………………
4. Can you overcome the temptation to eat another piece of cake? ……………………
5. Pamela tried to pass the car in front of her. ……………………

5 Choose the correct answer.

1. A: Why are you leaving now?

B: I want to avoid the 1. dead end / rush hour. If I leave later, the roads will be packed with
2.
motorists / pedestrians driving home from work.
2. A: I have to turn right at the next 3. junction / pavement to get to Carol’s house.
B: Actually, you can’t. That’s a 4. right of way / one-way street.
3. A: My son just got his driving licence. I don’t know if he’s 5. reckless / mature enough to handle
driving on his own.
B: I understand why you’re worried. Young drivers don’t realise how 6. inexperienced / tough they
are on the roads.

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Grammar
1 Complete the sentences with the modals below.

couldn’t • shouldn’t • may • can • must • mustn’t

1. You …………………… drive over the speed limit.
2. …………………… I please use the car today?
3. We’re stuck in traffic so we …………………… be late.
4. There’s very little petrol in the car, so you …………………… fill up on the way home.
5. We …………………… hear the announcement because there was so much noise.
6. You …………………… worry. He’s a careful driver.

2 Complete the dialogues with the correct form of the verbs in brackets and the modal perfects below.

needn’t have • could have • should have • must have

1. A: Did Matt bring his laptop to work today?
B: I didn’t see it on his desk. He …………………… (leave) it at home.
2. A: I brought you some flowers for your birthday.
B: Thank you! You …………………… (make) such an effort.
3. A: Bob called and said he had missed the train.
B: He …………………… (get) to the station earlier.
4. A: Amy knows French so well. Why didn’t you study for the test with her?
B: I …………………… (ask) her for help, but I don’t like her!

3 Choose the sentence that is closer in meaning to the original sentence.

1. She should have gone to sleep early.

a. She went to sleep late.
b. It was a mistake to go to sleep so early.
2. They might cancel their trip to Paris.
a. They aren’t sure if they are going to Paris.
b. They’ve already decided not to go to Paris.
3. You needn’t have paid for dinner.
a. You don’t need to pay for dinner.
b. It wasn’t necessary to pay for dinner.
4. It must have rained.
a. We thought it would rain, but it didn’t.
b. The ground is wet because of the rain.
5. Bill couldn’t have known about the accident.
a. Bill was in an accident.
b. It isn’t possible that Bill knew about the accident.

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4 Rewrite the sentences using the words in brackets.

1. There’s a possibility that my cousin is going to visit me next Sunday. (might)

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2. Walking on the grass is not allowed. (mustn’t)
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3. John has the ability to be an excellent football player, but he doesn’t like the game. (could have)
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4. It wasn’t nice that you didn’t call me on my birthday. (ought to)
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5. Everyone expected the president to arrive on time, but he was late. (should have)
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6. Claire doesn’t have to return the car today. (needn’t)
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7. Holly doesn’t know how to drive. (can’t)
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5 Complete the passage with a suitable modal or modal perfect and the correct form of the verbs in brackets.

For ten days last August, a queue of cars 95 kilometres long stood still on a motorway outside Beijing in
what 1. ……………………………… (must / be) the worst traffic jam in history. “I’ve been waiting here
for days,” said one lorry driver. “How 2. ……………………………… I ………………………………
(can / make) a living this way?” This 3. ……………………………… (may / be) an extreme example,
but it’s not that unusual. People in Beijing 4. ……………………………… (have to / deal) with the
worst traffic jams on the planet. Drivers complain that the government 5. ………………………………
(should / build) more roads a long time ago. The government, however, 6. ………………………………
(not able to / keep up) with the growing number of vehicles bought every year by newly wealthy
citizens. Without China’s recent economic boom, people 7. ……………………………… (might / stay)
on their bicycles and Beijing 8. ……………………………… (could / be) free of congestion. So traffic
jams, though annoying, are a sign that the Chinese are getting richer.