owth is the pe in sige that vccurs e life ofan org. » growth is slow im the beginning, gradually =I jains maximum reic. (ben Siow stops altogether, S com down 2 What are me growth? Ans. The apical merisioms jucated at the tips o Liate primary gf wih. and the stem irWhich tissue of the pl Ans. * Q.8 Ans. .9 Ans. Q.10 Ans. Qa Ans. Qi2 Ans. Quis Ans. Qi4 Ans. SROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT mt ates secondary growth? The cambium iniliaies secondary growth: What is the difference between the primary and the secondary grow th? The primary growth leads to the i of the plant whereas the s owth leads to an increase in its width (hi ) or diameter, Where does cell division masi, intensively and where does most rapid increase in the size of cells occur in the apical egions of the shoots and the ro in ihe apic division occurs rease in longth roots, y jowards the oxt tips where. ase in the size of oceurs in Lhe zone res behind the tip. What are the phases ones) of growth of the shoot and the root? These are the phe of nell division, phase elongation, phase of cell maturation and pha cell differentiation. Define cellular differentation in plants. The conversion of meristema of plants. into permanen and full grown ¢ s called eallular differentiation. In which directions do the fibres and tracheids of shoots and roots elongate dux their growth? The. fibres and the tracheida of shoots elongate greatly parallel to their long a slightly in other directions, Name the environmental factors influence the growth rate in plants. These are the lemperature, light, oxygen and dicxiee ele. What internal factors influence plant growth’ These factors are hormones, water and vitamins ele feel e ol aml rools and only which Q.15 Ans. Qs Ans. QS Ans, q. 20 Ans, Q.21 Ans. Q. he Ans. dawn + ean influence the rate of plant ne th. ‘This range of temperature is from OC 0 38'C. Define optimunad temperature, What is the range of optimum temperature for plant growth? : The temperature at which a physiological (process eccurs al iis maximum rate is called optimum, The range of optimum temperature for plant growth is 25°C to 80°C. In which ways dees light influence growth in ight influences growth by its intensity, quality ud duration, 7 w does the intensity of light affect the 9 The inerease in the intensity of light increases rate of growth by accelerating cell division at the growing as of the stem. How does quality of light affect the growth in plants? ‘The red light favours elongation of cells and the blue light, hances cell division but retards cell enlargement. Of all the environmental factors which ones are the most important for controlling growth and development of plants? Those factors are temperature and light. Give definition of growth correlation. The relationship that exists between the different growth rates of various parts of a plant body is called growth correlation, What did Thimann and Skoog conclude about apical dominance in 1934? : Thimann and Skoog concluded that apical dominance was caused by auxin diffusing from the apical bud which inhibited the growth of lateral buds (shoots).Q.23 Ans. Q.24 Ans, Q.25 Ans, Q.26 Ans. Q.27 Ans, Q.28 Ans. Q.29 AMS. Q.30 Ars. Q.31 Ans, What dominance and the cytokinins? The eytohinias play an important rcie in apical dominance. For example, in many plants application of cytokinins directly on the inhibited bud can release hibition in an intact plant. Define embryology. > Embryology is the branch of biology which de with the study of development of the zygote till il forms the adult organism. Waste the stages of developmental processes af animals. Those are cleavage, gastrulation, organogenesi« growth and differentiation. When is the egg shell secreted in the hens? The egg shell is sceroted in hens after. the fertilization, when the egg passes through the shell gland in the uterus a Explain cleavag ion of the gygaly ular embryo zygote Cleavaye is the process of cell di by mitosis which gives rise to niu Are the cleavage divisions of the regular or irregular? Only the initial three cleavage divisions of the zygite are regular, of which the first two are vertical eu the ¢hird horizontal. What are the daughter cells formed by initial cleavage divisions of the zygote known as? These ave known as the blastomeres. What is blastocoel in the embryo of chick? The blastocoél is the name of the cavity within the enwryo of the chick at the blastula stage. What is the embryo of chick called when ibis a solid rounded raass of blastomeres? The chick embryo is called morula when if is a sulel mass of blastomeres. Q.32 Ans, Q.33 Ans, Q.34 Ans, Q.35 fn Ans. Q.36 Ans. Q.387 Ans, Q.38 Ans, Q.39 Ans, -shaped mass of small irregular cells lying above the blastacoel of the chick embryo is known as the blastoderm. Deseribe gastrulation in the development of animals. i é The process of arrangement of e in ‘definite layers hy the movement of some of them into the interior of the embryo is called gastrulation. Write down the names of the three germinal layers of a vertebrate embryo. The germinal layers of the vertebrs the eeioderm, the mesoderm and the What is the incubation temperature for the embryo of chick? The incubation temeperalure for the chick embryo is 36 Ose What are the epiblast and hypoblast of the chick embryo preeursor for? The epiblast is the precursor for | the mesoderm whereas the hypol: endoderm. ; embryo are lederm. e eehoderm ancl ast ois that of Differentiate between area pellucida and area opaga in the chick embryo. The central region of the blastoderm, owing te the ence of the Huid in the underlying spe ancdis called péllucices while its peripheral region being mor dis opaque and is known as the area opaqa. What is primitive streak in the chi During gastrulation stage in the chick embryo, the mesodermal cells migr from the ag of the embryo to form a t g in the middle Hue which is known as the p viskr How is notochord formed im the In the region just in front of the prim the chick embryo, the endoderm buds off a rod of cells which gives rise to the notochord. k erabryo?