Personal opinion: In my opinioniview, To my mind, To my way of thinking, Lam convinced that, It strikes me that, tis my firm belief that, am inclined to Believe that, It seems to me that, As far as Tam concerned, {think that the economic recession of the previous decade was foreseeable. To lst advantages and disadvantages: One advantage of, Another advantage of, One other advantage of, A further advantage of, The main advantage of, The greatest advantage of, The first advantage of riding a motorbike in a lange metropolis is that of wo getting canal in magjon congestion. One disadvantage of, Another disadvantage of, One other disadvantage of, A further disadvantage of, The ‘main disadvantage of, The greatest disadvantage of, The frst disadvantage of driving a cari a large metropolis is that of finding « parking space ‘To lst points Firstly, First of al, In the first place, Secondly, Thirdly, Finally, To startibegin with, we have to address the inadequacies within the education system before we can tackle unemployment full “To lst points in a specific sequence: BEGINNING CONTINUING - Secondly, After thisithat, Afterwards CONCLUDING - Finally, Lastly, Last but not least, the Chancellor ofthe Exchequer wil announce the new budge. First, To startibegin with, First ofall, the Home Secretary wil make an introductory speech. Then, Next, the Prime Minister wil speak. To add more points to the same topic Whats more, Furermore, Apart from tise, n ction (ots), Moreover, Besides (is). not to mention the {Jct that your choice of career is « fundamental decision which will influence the vest of your life [Not only is your choice of career a fundamental decision, but itis also one that will influence the rest of your tie Your choice of career is both a fundamental decision and something that will injluence the rest of your life To refer to other sources With reference to, According to she latest scientific research, the use of mobile pkones can be damaging to one's heath inthe fong ran. To express cause To express effect “The man was acquited ofthe crime because, owing to the fact that, due to the fact that, on the grounds that, since, as there wasn't any substantial evidence, In view of, Because of, Owing tothe lack of substantial evidence the man was acquitted of the rime. ‘There was a lack of substantial evidence; for this reason the man was acquitted. Seeing that there was a lack of substantial evidence, the man was acquitted. The man isto be retired now that some new evidence has come ro ligt. _| ‘There was a suclden deluge; thus, therefore, so, consequently, as a result, as @ consequence, he sprinted hore. ‘To express purpose: ‘Due tothe stonn, the pilot decided to 1urn back, so thatthe flight would not be jeopardized. Due to the sion, the pilot decided to tum back, so as to | in order to avoid jeopardizing the flight Due to the stor, the pilot decided 0 tum back in ease te flight was jeopardized. “They purchased the old mansion with the purposelinention of converting it into a lacwy hotelTo emphasise a Indeed, Naturally, Clearly, Obviously, Of course, Needless to say, the scheme was bound to fait due point: 10 insufficient funds. ‘To express reality This a fact that, In eect, Infact, As a mater of fact, The fact of the matter is (that), Actually, In practice, Indeed, smoking over a long period of time will seriously increase the risk of heart disease. “Tocapes the diference | Initially, At first, the proposal was viewed with suspicion but after muck deliberation it was finaly. cmt between appearance and realy: | “To give examples: “For instance, For example, by establishing day-care centres across the country, working mothers can be encouraged to resume ther careers. By providing incentives such as, like day-care centres working mothers are encouraged fo resume their careers. If working mothers are to resume their carcers then the provision of incentives particularly, in particular, ‘especially day-care centres is essential. | ‘To make general “As a (general) rule, By and large, Generally, In general, On the whole countries nearer the equator have statements: warmer climates. ‘To make partially Up toa point, To a certain extentidegre, To some extentdegree, In a sense, In away, Toa limited exent, correct statements this is true but computers will alwys need Inuman input To express limit of To.the best of my knowledge, As far as know, Canary Whar isthe tallest building in London. knowledge: “Tostaue other peopie’s | Its popularly believed that, Pople often claim tha, Its often alleged that, Some people argue that opinio ‘Many argue tat, Most people fel that, Some people pont out that welt wil bring happiness. Contrary o popular belief, wealth does not necessarily bring happiness. | "To make contrasting points: Tris a well-known fact that living inthe city i harmful to one's health yet, however, nevertheless, | but, even so, stil, nonetheless, a lt of people move tothe city every year in search of a beter future. “Although, Even though, Regardless ofthe fact that, In spite ofthe fact that, Despite the fact that, While itis wellknown fact that living inthe city is harmful 10 one’s health, a lot of people move to the city every year in search of a beer future To express balance (the other side of the argument): ‘Opponents of using animals in experiments argue, claim, believe that iterative methods of testing can abways be used. While itis true to say that genetic engineering holds the key to solving many of the world’s serious problems, in {act it should be viewed with caution. ‘The fact that a great numberof university graduates cannot find employment contradicts the belefidea that a university education is the key toa successful career. Negative addition: [Neither smoking nor consuming too muck alcohol are considered healthy. ‘Smoking is not considered healthy; nor, neither is consuming to0 much alcohol ‘Smoking is not considered healthy and consuming too much alcohol isn’, either. ‘To express exception: “He had collected every edition of the magazine apart from, but, except (for) one. To darify/rephrase: Th other words, That isto say, To put t another way, if you drive more carefully you are less likely to have an. accidentTo express similarity Brushing your t food containi th day is fundamental for good oral hyiene;similarylkewise,lin the same way, not eating] sugar in-between meals also promotes oral hygiene To give an alternative We could use (either) a chain-saw or an axe. We could use an axe.On the other hand, Alternatively, a chain-savv would be simpler and faster: To express condition: “ls father promised to buy him car on the condition that, provided (that), providing (dat), ony if as long as he passed his examas to enter university. In the event ofa fire alan, Inthe event that, fa fire alarm should ring leave by the nearest fre exit quickly and quietly Take « map in case you become disorientated Do you happen know whether (or not) this is the most direct rowie? You should call her otherwise, or (else se will start to become worried. To express the Jeonsequence of a condition: ‘The price of underground tickets is due to increase again; consequently, then, so, in which case, I wil star taking the bus. Tm hoping to get paid today; if so, Pl be going out tonight, ifnot, otherwise, i'l be another night in front ofthe TV. To express comparison: ‘My best fiend is as intelligent as, more ineligent than, twice as intelligent as, less intelligent than rae To conclude: Finally, Lastly, Alin all, Taking everything into account{consideration, On the whole, All things considered, {In conclusion, On Balance, For the above mentioned reasons, Therefore I feel that, To sum up, itis unlikely that there willbe peace in all the counties of the world concurrently Press the button when, whenever, before, until, ill, after the light comes on. ‘There have been no earthquakes since July last year. re saw her as he was leaving the shop. He saw her while he was waiting. T never see him now that his hours have changed. Relatives: Ie was those people over there whotha didi That's the witness whose testimony wil be heard later on today That's the judge whothat will adjudicate your claim That's the loweour where you wil be tied ‘Thats the woman wholwhomithat I shink was responsible Reference: Tarn writing to advise you of a meeting regarding, concerning the upcoming award presentation ceremony. Tam writing with respectiregardireference fo, in regardireference to your recently published article on Summarising: [In short, Briefly, To put it briefly, his performance on stage was fantastic!