Exercise 10.

4 (Solutions)
MathCity.org Textbook of Algebra and Trigonometry for Class XI
Page 336

Merging man and maths Available online @ http://www.mathcity.org, Version: 3.0

Question # 1
Express the following products as sums or differences:
(i) 2sin 3θ cosθ (ii) 2cos5θ cos3θ (iii) sin 5θ cos 2θ
(iv) 2sin 7θ sin 2θ ( ) (
(v) cos( x + y )sin( x − y ) (vi) cos 2 x + 30 cos 2 x − 30 )
(vii) sin12 sin 46 ( ) (
(viii) sin x + 45 sin x − 45 )
Solution
(i) Since 2sin α cos β = sin(α + β ) + sin(α − β )
Put α = 3θ and β = θ
2sin 3θ cosθ = sin(3θ + θ ) + sin(3θ − θ )
= sin 4θ + sin 2θ
(ii) Since 2cosα cos β = cos (α + β ) + cos (α − β )
Put α = 5θ and β = 3θ
2cos5θ cos3θ = cos(5θ + 3θ ) − cos(5θ − 3θ )
= cos8θ − cos 2θ
(iii) Since 2sin α cos β = sin(α + β ) + sin(α − β )
Put α = 5θ and β = 2θ
2sin 5θ cos 2θ = sin(5θ + 2θ ) + sin(5θ − 2θ )
= sin 7θ + sin 3θ
1
⇒ sin 5θ cos 2θ = ( sin 7θ + sin 3θ )
2
(iv) Since − 2sin α sin β = cos(α + β ) − cos(α − β )
Put α = 7θ and β = 2θ
− 2sin α sin β = cos(α + β ) − cos(α − β )
−2sin 7θ sin 2θ = cos(7θ + 2θ ) − cos(7θ − 2θ )
= cos9θ − cos5θ
2sin 7θ sin 2θ = cos5θ − cos9θ
(v) Since 2cosα sin β = sin(α + β ) − sin(α − β )
Put α = x + y , β = x − y
2cos( x + y )sin( x − y ) = sin( x + y + x − y ) − sin( x + y − x + y )
= sin 2 x − sin 2 y
1
⇒ cos( x + y )sin( x − y ) = ( sin 2 x − sin 2 y )
2
(vi) Since 2cosα cos β = cos (α + β ) + cos (α − β )
Put α = 2 x + 30 and β = 2 x − 30
FSc-I / Ex 10.4 - 2

( ) ( ) ( ) (
2cos 2 x + 30 cos 2 x − 30 = cos 2 x + 30 + 2 x − 30 + cos 2 x + 30 − 2 x + 30 )
( )
= cos ( 4 x ) + cos 60
1
⇒ cos ( 2 x + 30 ) cos ( 2 x − 30 ) = ( cos 4 x + cos60 )
2
(vii) Since − 2sin α sin β = cos(α + β ) − cos(α − β )
Put α = 12 and β = 46
− 2sin12 sin 46 = cos(12 + 46) − cos(12 − 46)
= cos58 − cos(−34)
= cos58 − cos34 ∵ cos(−θ ) = cosθ
1
⇒ sin12 sin 46 = − ( cos58 − cos34 )
2
1
= ( cos34 − cos58 )
2
(viii) Since − 2sin α sin β = cos(α + β ) − cos(α − β )
Put α = x + 45 and β = x − 45
( ) ( ) { } {
− 2sin x + 45 sin x − 45 = cos ( x + 45 ) + ( x − 45 ) − cos ( x + 45 ) − ( x − 45 ) }
= cos 2 x − cos90
1
( ) ( )
⇒ sin x + 45 sin x − 45 = cos90 − cos 2 x
2
Question # 2
Express the following sum or difference as product:
(i) sin 5θ + sin 3θ (ii) sin8θ − sin 4θ (iii) cos6θ + cos3θ
(iv) cos7θ − cosθ (v) cos12 + cos 48 (vi) sin( x + 30 ) + sin( x − 30 )
Solution
α + β  α − β 
(i) Since sin α + sin β = 2sin   cos  
 2   2 
Put α = 5θ , β = 3θ
 5θ + 3θ   5θ − 3θ 
sin 5θ + sin 3θ = 2sin   cos  
 2   2 
 8θ   2θ 
= 2sin   cos   = 2sin 4θ cosθ
 2   2 
α + β  α − β 
(ii) Since sin α − sin β = 2cos   sin  
 2   2 
Put α = 8θ , β = 4θ
 8θ + 4θ   8θ − 4θ 
sin8θ − sin 4θ = 2cos   sin  
 2   2 
= 2cos6θ sin 2θ

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 FSc-I / Ex 10.4 - 3

(iii) Do yourself

α + β  α − β 
(iv) Since cosα − cos β = −2sin   sin  
 2   2 
Put α = 7θ , β = θ
 7θ + θ   7θ − θ   8θ   6θ 
cos7θ − cosθ = −2sin   sin   = −2sin   sin  
 2   2   2   2 
= −2sin 4θ sin 3θ

α + β  α − β 
(v) Since cosα + cos β = 2cos   cos  
 2   2 
Put α = 12 , β = 48
 12 + 48   12 − 48 
cos12 + cos 48 = 2cos   cos  
 2   2 
 60   −36 
= 2cos   cos   = 2cos30cos ( −18 )
 2   2 
= 2cos30 cos18 ∵ cos(−θ ) = cosθ

α + β  α − β 
(vi) Since sin α + sin β = 2sin   cos  
 2   2 
Put α = x + 30 , β = x − 30
 x + 30 + x − 30   x + 30 − x + 30 
sin( x + 30) + sin( x − 30) = 2sin   cos  
 2   2 
 2x   60 
= 2sin   cos   = 2sin x cos30
[
 2   2 
Question # 3
Prove the following identities:
sin 3 x − sin x sin8 x + sin 2 x
(i) = cot 2 x (ii) = tan 5 x
cos x − cos3 x cos8 x + cos 2 x
sin α − sin β α + β  α − β 
(iii) = cot   tan  
sin α + sin β  2   2 
Solution
sin 3 x − sin x
(i) L.H.S =
cos x − cos3 x
 3x + x   3x − x   4x   2x 
2cos   sin   cos   sin  
=  2   2  =  2   2 
 x + 3x   x − 3x   4 x   −2 x 
−2sin   sin   − sin   sin  
 2   2   2   2 

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FSc-I / Ex 10.4 - 4

cos ( 2 x ) sin ( x )
= = cot 2 x = R.H.S
+ sin ( 2 x ) sin ( x )
(ii) Do yourself
sin α − sin β
(iii) L.H.S =
sin α + sin β
α + β  α − β 
2cos   sin  
=  2   2  = cot  α + β  α − β 
  tan   = R.H.S
α + β  α − β   2   2 
2sin   cos  
 2   2 
Question # 4
Prove that:
π  π  1
(i) cos 20 + cos100 + cos140 = 0 (ii) sin  − θ  sin  + θ  = cos 2θ
4  4  2
sin θ + sin 3θ + sin 5θ + sin 7θ
(iii) = tan 4θ
cosθ + cos3θ + cos5θ + cos7θ
Solution
(i) L.H.S = cos 20 + cos100 + cos140
(
= cos100 + cos 20 + cos140 )
 100 + 20   100 − 20 
= 2cos   cos   + cos140
 2   2 
1
= 2cos60 cos 40 + cos140 = 2   cos 40 + cos140
2
 140 + 40   140 − 40 
= cos140 + cos 40 = 2cos   cos  
 2   2 
= 2cos90 cos50 = 2 ( 0 ) cos50 = 0 = R.H.S

π  π 
(ii) L.H.S = sin  − θ  sin  + θ 
4  4 
 π π  π π 
=  sin cosθ − cos sin θ  sin cosθ + cos sin θ 
 4 4  4 4 
 1 1  1 1 
= cosθ − sin θ  cosθ + sin θ 
 2 2  2 2 
2 2
 1   1  1 1
= cosθ  −  sin θ  = cos 2 θ − sin 2 θ
 2   2  2 2
1 1
( )
= cos 2 θ − sin 2 θ = cos 2θ = R.H.S
2 2
sin θ + sin 3θ + sin 5θ + sin 7θ
(iii) L.H.S =
cosθ + cos3θ + cos5θ + cos 7θ
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 FSc-I / Ex 10.4 - 5

=
( sin 7θ + sinθ ) + ( sin 5θ + sin 3θ )
( cos 7θ + cosθ ) + ( cos5θ + cos3θ )
 7θ + θ   7θ − θ   5θ + 3θ   5θ − 3θ 
2sin   cos   + 2sin   cos  
=  2   2   2   2 
 7θ + θ   7θ − θ   5θ + 3θ   5θ − 3θ 
2cos   cos   + 2cos   cos  
 2   2   2   2 
2sin 4θ cos3θ + 2sin 4θ cosθ
=
2cos 4θ cos3θ + 2cos 4θ cosθ
2sin 4θ ( cos3θ + cosθ ) sin 4θ
= = = tan 4θ = R.H.S
2cos 4θ ( cos3θ + cosθ ) cos 4θ
Question # 5
Prove that:
1 π 2π π 4π 3
(i) cos 20 cos 40 cos 60 cos80 = (ii) sin sin sin sin =
16 9 9 3 9 16
Solution
(i) L.H.S = cos 20 cos 40 cos 60 cos80
1 1
= cos 20 cos 40   cos80 = cos80 cos 40 cos 20
2 2
1 1
( )
= 2cos80 cos 40 cos 20 = ( cos ( 80 + 40 ) + cos ( 80 − 40 ) ) cos 20
4 4
1 1 1 
4
( )
= cos120 + cos 40 cos 20 =  − + cos 40  cos 20
4 2 
1 1 1 1
= − cos 20 + cos 40 cos 20 = − + 2cos 40 cos 20
8 4 8 8
( )
1 1
= − cos 20 + ( cos(40 + 20) + cos(40 − 20) )
8 8
1 1 1 1 1 
= − cos 20 + ( cos 60 + cos 20 ) = − cos 20 +  + cos 20 
8 8 8 8 2 
1 1 1 1
= − cos 20 + + cos 20 = = R.H.S
8 16 8 16
π 2π π 4π
(ii) L.H.S = sin sin sin sin
9 9 3 9
180 2(180 ) (180 ) 4(180 )
= sin sin sin sin ∵ π = 180
9 9 3 9
3
= sin 20 sin 40 sin 60 sin 80 = sin 20 sin 40 sin 80
2
3 3
=
2
sin 80 sin 40 sin 20 = −
4
( −2sin 80 sin 40 ) sin 20

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FSc-I / Ex 10.4 - 6

3
=− ( cos(80 + 40) − cos(80 − 40) ) sin 20
4
3 3 1 
=−
4
( cos120 − cos 40 ) sin 20 = −  − − cos 40
4  2
 sin 20

3 3 3 3
=
8
sin 20 +
4
cos 40 sin 20 =
8
sin 20 +
8
( 2cos 40 sin 20 )
3 3
= sin 20 + ( sin(40 + 20) − sin(40 − 20) )
8 8
3 3 3 3 3 
=
8
sin 20 +
8
( sin 60 − sin 20 ) 8= sin 20 + 
8  2
− sin 20 

3 3 3 3
= sin 20 + − sin 20 = = R.H.S
8 16 8 16
(iii) Do yourself as above

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Book: Exercise 10.4

Text Book of Algebra and Trigonometry Class XI
Punjab Textbook Board, Lahore.

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