24 Topic 4 ertificate : a Trigonometry THEMES Date 1 Right-angled triangles 2 Reciprocal ratios 3 Complementary ratios 4 Exact ratios 5 Angles of any magnitude 6 Identiti 7 Sine rule 8 Cosine rule 9 Area of a triangle FORMULA TEST Using the terms opposite, adjacent, hypotenuse write down the definitions of sine, cosine and tangent. Write down the names of the reciprocals of sine, cosine, tangent. 1 1 i nd” wed” Tan sind” —* eos sin(90-@) = cos; 08(90-8) = sin sing cos sin?@+c0s?@ = tan?9+1 = 1+cot?9 = Complete the following table: For a triangle ABC, write down: 10 The sine rule 11 The cosine rule, given angle A 12 The cosine rule, given three sides 13 The area of the triangle HSC MATHS22 __rhiconoweray The following formulas and results are likely to be used in solving questions in this topic. 1 sine = opposit iiypotenuse ; cosine = 2 cosecant, secant, cotangent adjacent hypotenuse tangent = oD 1 1 5 e ; = seca; = B= eosee8; oy = 80 5 = e088 4 sin(@0°-6) = cos; cos(90°—6) = sine 5 6 7 8 9 0» | a0 | 45° | 60° | 90° mlols|#l#la os} 1/8/2]2 | 0 tan | 0 + 1 | WB |e HSC MATHEMATICS BY TOPIC opposite aTRIGONOMETRY Examination questions 1 Solve the equation 2sinx = V3, where 0° < x < 360" 2 Find all values of x with 0° < x $ 360° for which tanx = V3 3 Solve sin 3 for 0° < x s 360° 4 In the figure, the vertical edge of building which is 6-7 metres high casts a horizontal shadow 9-75 metres long. Find the angle of elevation of the sun (correct to the nearest degree). > Figure not to seale 67 metres “1 ‘The diagram shows a trapezium PQRS in which QR is parallel to PS. PQ=8, QR = 2PQM = 30° and ZQRS = 135°. Perpendiculars are drawn from Q and R to meet PS at Mand N. 2 Show PM=4, @ Show QM = 4\3. Si) Find the exact value of PS. >) Find the area of the trapezium PQRS. ‘Leave your answer in surd form. The figure shows the side view of two ramps opened to allow barges to pass along a canal. When the equal arms of the ramps PA and QB are lowered, they meet exactly to form the straight pathway PQ which is 20 metres long. When the ramps PA and QB are raised through an angle 8 as shown, the width AB is 4 metres wide. Calculate the size of angle 6. A horizontal wooden beam is laid across a gap PQ. the beam is supported by wire ropes AB and BC which are attached to the top of vertical pole BE. ‘The section of the vertical pole BD, above the beam, is 3 metres long and BAD is 48°. The distance DQ is 16 metres and C is the midpoint of DQ. (Find the length of the rope AB. ii) Find the size of ZBCD to the nearest degree. 8 Dz. As 106m *B In the figure above (not drawn to scale) ABCD is a quadrilateral in which CB = 5-1 m, DC = 7-3 m, AB =106m, ZC = 120° and 2A =65°. (a) Use the cosine rule for triangle BCD to find the length BD. (b) Use the sine rule to find 2 ADB tothe nearest dogree. 9 B ae cE 50m-*D Ben stands at point C and observes the top B of a pole AB. He then walks 50 metres directly towards the pole, stopping at point D. sc wars