Steve Bannon

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Steve Bannon

White House Chief Strategist and

Senior Counselor to the President
In office
January 20, 2017 � August 18, 2017
President Donald Trump
Preceded by John Podesta
(2015, as Counselor)
Succeeded by Kellyanne Conway
Dina Powell
(as Counselors)
Personal details
Born Stephen Kevin Bannon
November 27, 1953 (age 64)
Norfolk, Virginia, U.S.
Political party Republican
Spouse(s) Cathleen Houff Jordan
(divorced)
Mary Piccard (1995�1997)
Diane Clohesy (2006�2009)
Children 3
Education Virginia Tech (BA)
Georgetown University (MA)
Harvard University (MBA)
Military service
Allegiance United States
Service/branch United States Navy
Years of service 1976�1983
Rank Lieutenant (O-3)[1][a]
Stephen Kevin Bannon (born November 27, 1953) is an American media executive,
political figure, strategist, former investment banker, and the former executive
chairman of Breitbart News. He served as White House Chief Strategist in the
administration of U.S. President Donald Trump during the first seven months of
Trump's term.[2][3]

Bannon was an officer in the United States Navy for seven years in the late 1970s
and early 1980s. After his military service, he worked at Goldman Sachs as an
investment banker, and left as vice president. In 1993, he became acting director
of the research project Biosphere 2. In the 1990s, he became an executive producer
in Hollywood, and produced 18 films between 1991 and 2016. In 2007, he co-founded
Breitbart News, a far-right[i] website which he described in 2016 as "the platform
for the alt-right".[I]

In August 2016, Bannon was named the chief executive officer of Trump's 2016
presidential bid.[21][22] Appointed Chief Strategist in the Trump administration,
he left this position on August 18, 2017 and rejoined Breitbart. After leaving the
White House, Bannon opposed the establishment Republican party and supported
insurgent candidates in Republican primaries. After Roy Moore, supported by Bannon,
lost the 2017 United States Senate election in Alabama, Bannon's reputation as a
political strategist was questioned.[23][24] In January 2018, Bannon was disavowed
by Trump for critical comments reported in the book Fire and Fury[25] and left
Breitbart.
After leaving the White House, Bannon declared his intention to become "the
infrastructure, globally, for the global populist movement."[26] Accordingly, he
has supported various national populist conservative political movements around the
world. These include France's National Front,[27] Hungary's Fidesz,[28] the Italian
League,[29] the Brothers of Italy,[30] Alternative for Germany,[31] the Sweden
Democrats,[32] the Dutch Party for Freedom,[33] the Freedom Party of Austria,[34]
the Swiss People's Party,[35] the UK Independence Party,[36] the Flemish Vlaams
Belang,[37] the Belgian People's Party,[37] Spain�s Vox,[38] the Finns Party,[37]
the pan-European identitarian movement,[39] Republika Srpska's Alliance of
Independent Social Democrats,[40] the Brazilian 2018 Jair Bolsonaro presidential
campaign,[41] and the Israeli Likud.[42] Bannon believes that the aforementioned
movements � along with Japan�s Shinzo Abe, India�s Narendra Modi, Russia's Vladimir
Putin, Saudi Arabia's Mohammad bin Salman, China's Xi Jinping, Turkey's Recep
Tayyip Erdogan, and America's Donald Trump, as well as similar leaders in Egypt,
the Philippines, Poland, and South Korea � are part of a global shift towards
nationalism.[43][44][45]

A self-described economic nationalist, Bannon advocates for reductions in

immigration,[46] restrictions on free trade with China and Mexico,[47][48] and an
increased federal income tax for those earning incomes of over $5 million a year.
[49] Bannon is a skeptic of military intervention abroad and has opposed proposals
for the expansion of U.S. involvement in Afghanistan,[50] Syria,[51] and Venezuela.
[52] He has been described by some as a white nationalist but rejects the
description.[53] According to conservative commentator David French, Bannon has
"done more than any other person to introduce the ... alt-right into mainstream
American life".[54]

Contents
1 Early life and education
2 Service as naval officer
3 Business career
3.1 Investment banking
3.2 Earth science
3.3 Entertainment and media
3.3.1 Breitbart News
4 Political career
4.1 Donald Trump campaign
4.2 Trump administration
4.2.1 National Security Council
4.2.2 Departure from the White House
4.3 Post-Trump administration activities
4.3.1 Republican Senate primaries
4.3.2 Fire and Fury: Inside the Trump White House
4.3.3 European politics
4.3.4 Brazilian elections
5 Political beliefs
5.1 Individual issues
5.1.1 On overseas military intervention
5.1.2 On the Middle East
5.1.3 On the UK
5.1.4 On Europe and Asia
5.2 Overview and influences
6 Personal life
7 Filmography
8 See also
9 Notes
9.1 Breitbart called far right
9.2 Breitbart associated with alt-right
10 References
11 External links
Early life and education
Stephen Kevin Bannon was born on November 27, 1953 in Norfolk, Virginia, to Doris
(n�e Herr), a homemaker, and Martin J. Bannon Jr.,[55] who worked as an AT&T
telephone lineman and as a middle manager.[56][57] His working class, Irish
Catholic family was pro-Kennedy and pro-union Democrat.[58][59]

Bannon graduated from Benedictine College Preparatory, a private, Catholic,

military high school in Richmond, Virginia, in 1971,[60] and then attended Virginia
Tech, where he served as the president of the student government association.[61]
During the summers he worked at a local junk yard.[62]

He graduated from Virginia Tech College of Architecture and Urban Studies in 1976,
with a bachelor's degree in urban planning. While serving in the navy, he earned a
master's degree in national security studies in 1983 from Georgetown University
School of Foreign Service.[63] In 1985,[66] Bannon earned a Master of Business
Administration degree with honors[67] from Harvard Business School.[68]

Service as naval officer

Bannon was an officer in the United States Navy for seven years in the late 1970s
and early 1980s; he served on the destroyer USS Paul F. Foster as a surface warfare
officer in the Pacific Fleet, and afterwards stateside as a special assistant to
the Chief of Naval Operations at the Pentagon.[69] Bannon's job at the Pentagon
was, among other things, handling messages between senior officers and writing
reports about the state of the Navy fleet worldwide.[70] While at the Pentagon,
Bannon attended Georgetown University at night and obtained his master's degree in
national security studies.[62]

In 1980, Bannon was deployed to the Persian Gulf to assist with Operation Eagle
Claw during the Iran hostage crisis. The mission's failure marked a turning point
in his political world-view from largely apolitical to strongly Reaganite, which
was further reinforced by the September 11 attacks.[71][72] Bannon has stated, "I
wasn't political until I got into the service and saw how badly Jimmy Carter fucked
things up. I became a huge Reagan admirer. Still am. But what turned me against the
whole establishment was coming back from running companies in Asia in 2008 and
seeing that Bush had fucked up as badly as Carter. The whole country was a
disaster."[73]

Upon his departure he was ranked as a lieutenant (O-3).[1][a]

Business career
Investment banking
After his military service, Bannon worked at Goldman Sachs as an investment banker
in the Mergers and Acquisitions Department.[75] In 1987, he relocated from New York
to Los Angeles, to assist Goldman in expanding their presence in the entertainment
industry.[60] He stayed at this position with Goldman in Los Angeles for two years,
and left with the title of vice president.[76][b]

In 1990, Bannon and several colleagues from Goldman Sachs launched their own
company "Bannon & Co.", a boutique investment bank specializing in media. In one of
Bannon & Co.'s transactions, the firm represented Westinghouse Electric which
wanted to sell Castle Rock Entertainment.[67] Bannon negotiated a sale of Castle
Rock to CNN, which was owned by Ted Turner at the time.[78] Instead of a full
adviser's fee, Bannon & Co. accepted a financial stake in five television shows,
including Seinfeld, which was in its third season. Bannon still receives cash
residuals each time Seinfeld is aired.[78] Soci�t� G�n�rale purchased Bannon & Co.
in 1998.[67]
Earth science
In 1993, while still managing Bannon & Co., Bannon became acting director of the
earth science research project Biosphere 2 in Oracle, Arizona. Under Bannon, the
closed-system experiment project shifted emphasis from researching human space
exploration and colonization toward the scientific study of earth's environment,
pollution, and climate change. He left the project in 1995.[79][80]

Entertainment and media

Bannon in 2010
In the 1990s, Bannon ventured into entertainment and media, and became an executive
producer in the Hollywood film and media industry. Bannon produced 18 films,[57]
from Sean Penn's drama The Indian Runner (1991) to Julie Taymor's film Titus
(1999). Bannon became a partner with entertainment industry executive Jeff
Kwatinetz at film and television management company The Firm, Inc., 2002�2003.[67]
[81]

In 2004, Bannon made a documentary about Ronald Reagan titled In the Face of Evil.
Through the making and screening of this film, Bannon was introduced to Reagan's
War author Peter Schweizer and publisher Andrew Breitbart, who would later describe
him as the Leni Riefenstahl of the Tea Party movement.[67] Bannon was involved in
the financing and production of a number of films, including Fire from the
Heartland: The Awakening of the Conservative Woman (2010), The Undefeated (2011),
and Occupy Unmasked (2012).

Bannon persuaded Goldman Sachs to invest, in 2006, in a company known as Internet

Gaming Entertainment.[82] Following a lawsuit, the company rebranded as Affinity
Media, and Bannon took over as CEO. From 2007 through 2011, Bannon was the chair
and CEO of Affinity Media.[83][84]

In 2007, Bannon wrote an eight-page treatment for a new documentary called

Destroying the Great Satan: The Rise of Islamic Facism (sic) in America. The
outline states that "although driven by the 'best intentions,' institutions such as
the media, the Jewish community and government agencies were appeasing jihadists
aiming to create an Islamic republic."[85] In 2011, Bannon spoke at the Liberty
Restoration Foundation in Orlando, Florida, about the Economic Crisis of 2008, the
Troubled Assets Relief Program, and their impact in the origins of the Tea Party
movement, while also discussing his films Generation Zero (2010) and The
Undefeated.[86]

Bannon was executive chair and co-founder of the Government Accountability

Institute, a tax-exempt 501(c)(3) organization (where he helped orchestrate the
publication of Breitbart News senior editor-at-large[87] Peter Schweizer's book
Clinton Cash),[67][88] from its founding in 2012 until his departure in August
2016.[89] For the years 2012 through 2015, he received between $81,000 and $100,000
each year; the organization reported that he worked an average of 30 hours per week
for the organization.[89] He has also worked as vice president of the board of
Cambridge Analytica, a data-analytics firm which allegedly used illegal tactics to
target American voters in the 2016 election and is owned largely by the Mercer
family,[90] the family that also co-owns Breitbart News.[91]

In 2015, Bannon was ranked No. 19 on Mediaite's list of the "25 Most Influential in
Political News Media 2015".[92]

Bannon also hosted a radio show (Breitbart News Daily) on the SiriusXM Patriot
satellite radio channel.[93]

Breitbart News
Bannon was a founding member of the board of Breitbart News,[94] a right-wing news,
opinion and commentary website. Philip Elliott and Zeke J. Miller of Time say the
site has "pushed racist, sexist, xenophobic and anti-Semitic material into the vein
of the alternative right".[13] Bannon said that Breitbart's ideological mix
included libertarians, Zionists, the conservative gay community, same-sex marriage
opponents, economic nationalists, populists, as well as alt-right, the alt-right
comprising a very small proportion overall. Conceding the alt-right holds views
with "racial and anti-Semitic overtones," Bannon said he has zero tolerance for
such views.[95][96]

In March 2012, after founder Andrew Breitbart's death, Bannon became executive
chair of Breitbart News LLC, the parent company of Breitbart News.[97][98][99]
Under his leadership, Breitbart took a more alt-right and nationalistic approach
toward its agenda.[100] In 2016, Bannon declared the website "the platform for the
alt-right".[14] Speaking about his role at Breitbart, Bannon said: "We think of
ourselves as virulently anti-establishment, particularly 'anti-' the permanent
political class."[101]

On August 18, 2017, Breitbart announced that Bannon would return as executive
chairman following his White House employment.[102] On January 9, 2018, he stepped
down as executive chairman.[103]

Political career
Donald Trump campaign
On August 17, 2016, Bannon was appointed chief executive of Donald Trump's
presidential campaign.[104] Bannon left Breitbart, as well as the Government
Accountability Institute[89] and Cambridge Analytica,[105] to take the job. Shortly
after he assumed the chief executive role, the chairman of the Trump campaign, Paul
Manafort, was dismissed.[98][106][107][108][97]

A placard criticizing Bannon at an anti-Trump protest

On November 13, following Donald Trump's election victory, Bannon was appointed
chief strategist and senior counselor to the President-elect.[109] His appointment
drew opposition from the Anti-Defamation League (ADL), the Council on
American�Islamic Relations, the Southern Poverty Law Center, Democratic Senate
Minority Leader Harry Reid, and some Republican strategists because of statements
in Breitbart News that were alleged to be racist or anti-Semitic.[21][22][110][111]
[112] A number of prominent conservative Jews, however, defended Bannon against the
allegations of anti-Semitism, including Ben Shapiro,[112][113][114] David Horowitz,
[115] Pamela Geller,[116] Bernard Marcus of the Republican Jewish Coalition,[117]
Morton Klein[118] and the Zionist Organization of America,[117] and Rabbi Shmuley
Boteach.[119] Alan Dershowitz at first defended Bannon, saying there was no
evidence he was anti-Semitic,[120][121] but then in a later piece stated that
Bannon had made bigoted statements against Muslims, women, and others.[122] The ADL
stated "We are not aware of any anti-Semitic statements from Bannon."[123] Shapiro,
who previously worked as an editor-at-large at Breitbart, said he had no evidence
of Bannon being racist or an anti-Semite, but that Bannon was "happy to pander to
those people and make common cause with them in order to transform conservatism
into European far-right nationalist populism".[124] Bannon had referred to Front
National politician Marion Mar�chal-Le Pen as "the new rising star".[125]

On November 15, 2016, U.S. Representative David Cicilline of Rhode Island released
a letter to Trump signed by 169 Democratic House Representatives urging him to
rescind his appointment of Bannon. The letter stated that appointing Bannon "sends
a disturbing message about what kind of president Donald Trump wants to be",[126]
[127][128] because his "ties to the White Nationalist movement have been well
documented"; it went on to present several examples of Breitbart News' alleged
xenophobia.[129] Bannon denied being a white nationalist and claimed, rather, that
he was an "economic nationalist."[130]
On November 18, during his first interview not conducted by Breitbart Media since
the 2016 presidential election, Bannon remarked on some criticisms made about him,
saying, "Darkness is good: Dick Cheney. Darth Vader. Satan. That's power. It only
helps us when they get it wrong. When they're blind to who we are and what we're
doing."[131][132] The quote was published widely in the media.[131][133][134][135]

In an interview with The New York Times in late November, Trump responded to the
controversy over Bannon's appointment, saying, "I've known Steve Bannon a long
time. If I thought he was a racist, or alt-right, or any of the things that we can,
you know, the terms we can use, I wouldn't even think about hiring him."[136]

Reuters reported on October 31, 2018 that the Senate Intelligence Committee is
conducting a "wide-ranging" investigation of Bannon's activities during the
campaign, including knowledge he may have had about any contacts between Russia and
two campaign advisors, George Papadopoulos and Carter Page, as well as his role
with Cambridge Analytica.[137]

Trump administration

Bannon and other advisors watching Trump sign an executive order

White House Chief Strategist Steve Bannon shakes hands with WH Chief of Staff
Reince Priebus at 2017 CPAC
Upon his inauguration, Trump appointed Bannon to be his Chief Strategist, a newly
created position. The title made him a senior advisor to the president, nearly
equivalent in authority to the Chief of Staff.[138] As a staff member in the
Executive Office of the President, the position did not require Senate
confirmation.[139] Breitbart editor Julia Hahn followed Bannon to the White House,
where she was appointed as Bannon's aide, as well as Special Assistant to President
Trump.[140]

In an interview with The Hollywood Reporter in the aftermath of the 2016 election,
Bannon analogized his influence to that of "Thomas Cromwell in the court of the
Tudors".[141][142][143]

Several days after Donald Trump's inauguration, Bannon told an American newspaper,
"The media should be embarrassed and humiliated and keep its mouth shut and just
listen for a while. I want you to quote this: the media here is the opposition
party. They don't understand this country. They still do not understand why Donald
Trump is the president of the United States."[144]

Bannon, along with Stephen Miller, was involved in the creation of Executive Order
13769, which resulted in restricted U.S. travel and immigration by individuals from
seven countries, suspension of the United States Refugee Admissions Program (USRAP)
for 120 days, and indefinite suspension of the entry of Syrians to the United
States.[145][146] According to The Economist, a British news magazine, Bannon and
Miller "see Mr [Vladimir] Putin as a fellow nationalist and crusader against
cosmopolitanism."[147]

'Bannon Says Corporatist Global Media Opposed to Economic Nationalist Agenda' video
from Voice of America, recorded at the Conservative Political Action Conference
2017
In February 2017, Bannon appeared on the cover of Time, on which he was labeled
"the Great Manipulator".[148] The headline used for the associated article was "Is
Steve Bannon the Second Most Powerful Man in the World?", alluding to Bannon's
perceived influence in the White House.[149]
It was reported that he intentionally published stories to undermine H.R. McMaster.
Bannon allegedly did this by leaking information to the alternative media,
including alt-right writer Mike Cernovich.[150][151] It was also reported that the
Trump administration retroactively granted Bannon a blanket exemption from federal
ethics rules that allowed him to communicate with editors at Breitbart News,[152]
which according to former Breitbart consultant Kurt Bardella would be proof of the
administration's intent to allow him to continue being "the de facto editorial
director of Breitbart".[153]

National Security Council

At the end of January 2017, in a departure from the previous format of the National
Security Council (NSC), the holder of Bannon's position, along with that of the
Chief of Staff, were designated by presidential memorandum as regular attendees to
the NSC's Principals Committee, a Cabinet-level senior inter-agency forum for
considering national security issues.[154][155] The enacted arrangement was
criticized by several members of previous administrations and was called "stone
cold crazy" by Susan E. Rice, Barack Obama's last national security adviser.[156]
In response, White House spokesman Sean Spicer pointed to Bannon's seven years
experience as a Navy officer in justifying his presence on the Committee.[157]

Bannon was removed from his NSC role in early April 2017 in a reorganization by
U.S. National Security Advisor H. R. McMaster, whom Bannon had helped select.[158]
Some White House officials said Bannon's main purpose in serving on the committee
was as a check against former National Security Advisor Michael T. Flynn, who had
resigned in February 2017 for misleading the vice president about a conversation
with the Russian ambassador to the United States.[159][160] Hence, with Flynn gone,
Bannon was no longer needed.[158] Bannon reportedly opposed his removal from the
council and threatened to quit if president Trump went forward with it, although
Republican megadonor Rebekah Mercer urged him to stay.[90] The White House said
Bannon had not attempted to leave, and Bannon said any indication that he
threatened resignation was "total nonsense".[161] Bannon only attended one NSC
meeting.[162]

Departure from the White House

Bannon's employment in the White House ended on August 18, 2017, less than a week
after the Charlottesville Unite the Right rally which degenerated into violence and
acrimony. Whereas members of both political parties condemned the hatred and
violence of white nationalists, neo-Nazis and alt-right activists, The New York
Times noted that Trump "was the only national political figure to spread blame for
the 'hatred, bigotry and violence' that resulted in the death of one person to
'many sides'".[163] The decision to blame "many sides" was reported to have come
from Bannon.[164] The NAACP released a statement saying that while they
"acknowledge and appreciate President Trump's disavowment of the hatred which has
resulted in a loss of life today", they called on Trump "to take the tangible step
to remove Steve Bannon � a well-known white supremacist leader � from his team of
advisers". The statement further described Bannon as a "symbol of white
nationalism" who "energized that sentiment" through his current position within the
White House.[165][166]

Some sources stated that White House Chief of Staff John F. Kelly asked Bannon on
August 18, 2017, to submit his immediate resignation in lieu of being fired.[167]
Bannon, however, stated he was not fired but rather submitted his two-week
resignation notice on August 4, 2017.[168] He reminded The Weekly Standard that
he'd joined then-presidential candidate Trump's campaign on August 14, 2016, and
said he'd "always planned on spending one year," but that he stayed a few more days
due to the Unite the Right rally in Charlottesville, Virginia.[169]

In an official statement, White House Press Secretary Sarah Huckabee Sanders said,
"... John Kelly and Steve Bannon have mutually agreed today would be Steve's last
day. We are grateful for his service and wish him the best."[170][171][172]

The same day, Breitbart News announced that Bannon would return to the site as
executive chairman.[102] Several weeks after his departure it was reported that
Trump still called Bannon using his personal cell phone, and only calling when
chief of staff Kelly was not around.[173] The Washington Post reported in October
2017 that Trump and Bannon remained in regular contact.[174]

Post-Trump administration activities

Republican Senate primaries
After leaving the Trump administration, the media widely reported Bannon's efforts
to unseat incumbent Republican members of Congress he deemed to be insufficiently
supportive of Trump's agenda.[175][176][177] In October he said he planned to
sponsor primary challenges against six of the seven incumbent Republican senators
in the 2018 elections. He said he had two requirements for a candidate to earn his
support: they must pledge to vote against Mitch McConnell as Senate Majority Leader
and to end the Senate filibuster.[178]

Bannon received credit for helping Roy Moore defeat incumbent Senator Luther
Strange in the September Republican primary for the 2017 special Alabama Senate
election, despite Trump's having endorsed Strange.[179] However, Moore lost in the
general election after nine women, the month before the election, alleged sexual
misconduct; Bannon doubled down on his support for the candidate, raising doubt
about the veracity of the accusations.[180] Following Moore's loss of what had been
considered a safe Republican seat, Bannon's reputation as a political strategist
was questioned by Republican commentators.[23]

Fire and Fury: Inside the Trump White House

In January 2018, upon the publication of Michael Wolff's book Fire and Fury: Inside
the Trump White House, which attributed many controversial and inflammatory
statements to Bannon, Bannon and Trump became estranged and were widely seen as
enemies.[181][182] The book quoted Bannon as saying that Ivanka Trump was "as dumb
as a brick";[25] that the meeting among Donald Trump Jr., Jared Kushner, Paul
Manafort, and agents of Russia was "treasonous";[183] and that Special Prosecutor
Robert Mueller would cause Donald Trump Jr. to "crack like an egg on live
television".[184] Bannon also warned that investigators would likely uncover money
laundering involving Jared Kushner and his family business loans from Deutsche
Bank.[185]

Trump promptly disavowed Bannon, saying that Bannon "lost his mind" when he left
the White House, and attacking him in multiple angry statements.[186][187] In a
tweet on the evening of January 4, 2018, Trump referred to Bannon as "Sloppy
Steve."[188] On January 7, 2018, Bannon expressed regret over his delayed response,
declared his "unwavering" support for Trump and his agenda, and praised Donald
Trump Jr.[189] Bannon said his remarks about the campaign meeting were aimed at
Manafort instead of Trump Jr., a claim which Wolff contested.[190]

Because of the break with Trump, Bannon's position as head of Breitbart News was
called into question by Breitbart's owners,[191][24] and on January 9 it was
announced that he had stepped down as executive chairman.[103]

European politics
Bannon has announced plans to move to Brussels for half the year to launch a new
political operation to unite populist parties across Europe before the European
Parliament election, 2019.[192] He has formed a foundation for nationalist parties
called The Movement.[193]

Brazilian elections
In August 2018, Bannon met with Eduardo Bolsonaro, the son of far-right candidate
Jair Bolsonaro, and serves as informal advisor to the Bolsonaro campaign in the
Brazilian presidential elections.[194]

Political beliefs
Bannon told Michael Lewis in February 2018, "We got elected on Drain the Swamp,
Lock Her Up, Build a Wall. This was pure anger. Anger and fear is what gets people
to the polls." He added, "The Democrats don't matter. The real opposition is the
media. And the way to deal with them is to flood the zone with shit."[195]

Individual issues
Bannon has advocated reductions in immigration[46] and restrictions on free trade,
particularly with China and Mexico.[47][48] He is in favor of raising federal
income taxes to 44% for those earning incomes over $5 million a year as a way to
pay for middle class tax cuts.[49] He also supports significantly increasing
spending on infrastructure, describing himself as "the guy pushing a trillion-
dollar infrastructure plan".[196] Bannon is opposed to government bailouts,
describing them as "socialism for the very wealthy".[197] He generally believes in
reducing the size of the federal bureaucracy, declaring at the Conservative
Political Action Conference he favored the "deconstruction of the administrative
state".[198] However, he does support increased regulation of Internet companies
like Facebook and Google, which he regards as akin to utilities in the modern age.
[199] He opposed the merger between Time-Warner and AT&T on antitrust grounds.[200]
He was a strong opponent of the Paris climate agreement within the administration,
successfully persuading the President to withdraw from it.[201]

On overseas military intervention

He is generally skeptical of military intervention abroad, opposing proposals for
the expansion of U.S. involvement in the War in Afghanistan,[50] the Syrian Civil
War,[51] and the crisis in Venezuela.[52] As White House Chief Strategist, Bannon
reportedly opposed the 2017 Shayrat missile strike, but was overruled by Senior
Advisor to the President Jared Kushner.[202]

In Afghanistan, he supported a proposal by Erik Prince for the deployment of

private military contractors instead of the U.S. military.[203] He believes "there
is no military solution" to the 2017 North Korea crisis.[47]

Bannon has described U.S. allies in Europe, the Persian Gulf, the South China Sea,
the Strait of Malacca, as well as South Korea and Japan, as having become
"protectorates of the United States" that do not "make an effort to defend
[themselves]", and believes NATO members should pay a minimum of 2% of GDP on
defense.[204]

He also supports repairing United States-Russia relations and opposes upgrading the
U.S. nuclear arsenal.[205]

On the Middle East

Bannon strongly favors U.S. withdrawal from the Iran nuclear deal,[206] and was
supportive of the approach taken by Saudi Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman during
the 2017 Qatar diplomatic crisis[207] and the 2017 Saudi Arabian purge.[citation
needed] He believes Qatar is "no less dangerous" than North Korea.[208]

Bannon believes Iran, Turkey and China are forming a "new axis" to challenge the
West,[209] and has described Turkey as "the greatest danger facing the United
States" and "far more dangerous than Iran".[208]

Bannon reportedly speaks often with Trump donor Sheldon Adelson, and has been
alarmed at a push for a renewed Middle East peace process.[210] He has described
Palestinian President Mahmoud Abbas as a "terrorist".[211] He has advocated giving
the land in the West Bank to Jordan and in Gaza to Egypt.[212]
On the UK
Although Bannon initially favored the British National Party (BNP) and the English
Defence League (EDL) in the United Kingdom,[213] he later backed the UK
Independence Party (UKIP).[36]

Nigel Farage, the former leader of UKIP, once presented Bannon with a portrait of
Bannon dressed as Napoleon Bonaparte.[214] Bannon has encouraged Farage to return
as leader of UKIP.[215]

Bannon has called for the release of former EDL leader Tommy Robinson from prison,
describing him as the "backbone" of Britain.[216]

Bannon has also called for a revolt in the United Kingdom should the country adopt
a soft Brexit, stating, "If I was in middle England and said this wasn't what I
voted for I would rise up and make sure the guys in parliament knew it." When asked
whether this should be interpreted as a "call to arms", he replied: "Absolutely".
[216]

Bannon has met with Jacob Rees-Mogg, a prospective candidate for the leadership of
the country's Conservative Party,[217] describing him as "one of the best thinkers
in the conservative movement on a global basis."[218]

Bannon has also urged Boris Johnson, another potential leadership contender, who
Bannon said in July 2018 that he had known "over the last year" and was "very
impressed" with, to challenge Prime Minister Theresa May.[219][220] According to a
Buzzfeed News report, Bannon was in private contact with Johnson during his visit
to Britain that month, and the two men were previously in text communication during
their respective tenures as White House Chief Strategist and British Foreign
Secretary.[221]

On Europe and Asia

Steve Bannon on the future of Europe

Bannon is supportive of several European right-wing populist national conservative
movements such as the Hungarian Fidesz, the French National Front, the Spanish Vox,
the Dutch Party for Freedom, Alternative for Germany, the Italian Northern League,
the Brothers of Italy, the Freedom Party of Austria, the Sweden Democrats, the
Finns Party, the Flemish Vlaams Belang, the Belgian People's Party, the Polish
National Movement, and the Swiss People's Party.[222][36][223][32][37][224][225]
[30]

Bannon has also praised the Hindu nationalist Bharatiya Janata Party government of
Narendra Modi in India,[226] and Shinzo Abe's Liberal Democratic Party government
in Japan.[227]

Overview and influences

Bannon's political and economic views have been described by others as nationalist,
[228] right-wing populist,[229] and paleoconservative.[230] He self-identifies as a
conservative.[106][231][232] He rejects allegations that he is a white nationalist,
[53] calling white nationalists "losers", a "fringe element", and a "collection of
clowns",[47] and describing white supremacist Richard Spencer as a "self promoting
freak" and a "goober".[233] In 2018, Bannon said at a speech for the right-wing
French National Front Party "Let them call you racists...let them call you
xenophobes...let them call you nativists. Wear it as a badge of honor."[234] Trump
has previously referred to Bannon as "more of a libertarian than anything else",
[235] although at least one libertarian commentator has disputed this claim.[236]

Bannon often describes himself as an economic nationalist, criticizing crony

capitalism, Austrian economics, and the Objectivist capitalism of Ayn Rand, which
he believes seeks to "make people commodities, and to objectify people."[53][237]
[238][239] However, he has also stated that he generally considers himself a free
market capitalist, believing it to be "the underpinnings of our society", while
noting that he believes America is "more than an economy".[204] He has referred to
himself as a "proud Christian Zionist" in reference to his support of Israel;[240]
[241][242] Christian Zionism is a belief some Christians hold regarding Israel and
its accordance with Bible prophecy.

Bannon's strategic thinking has been influenced by Neil Howe's and William
Strauss's Fourth Turning theory, which proposes that "populism, nationalism and
state-run authoritarianism would soon be on the rise, not just in America but
around the world. [... Once one strips] away the extraneous accidents and
technology, you are left with only a limited number of social moods, which tend to
recur in a fixed order. [...] Forests need periodic fires; rivers need periodic
floods. Societies, too."[243] The book is said to have been a major influence on
Bannon's film Generation Zero.[244]

A former practitioner of Zen meditation, and a nominal Roman Catholic,[245]

Bannon's political thinking has been influenced by the politics of American
populism exemplified by Andrew Jackson, Alexander Hamilton, Henry Clay, James K.
Polk, Theodore Roosevelt, and Trump; by Pope Pius XI's socio-political philosophy
of subsidiarity, as expressed in the 1931 papal encyclical, Quadragesimo anno,
defending that political matters ought to be handled by the lowest, least
centralized competent authority; and by Ren� Gu�non's Traditionalism, extolling the
social efficacy of spiritual ideas transmitted by "primordial" faith traditions
such as Vedanta, Buddhism, Sufism, and medieval Christianity, which it argued were
under attack by Western secularism. Bannon was particularly influenced by the Hindu
scripture Bhagavad Gita and the ancient Chinese military treatise The Art of War.
[246][247] Bannon has also cited Alexander Dugin's Russian nationalist variant of
Traditionalism called Eurasianism.[248] Bannon has been described as a "policy
intellectual".[249]

Lebanese-American author Nassim Nicholas Taleb, neoreactionary blogger Curtis

Yarvin and conservative intellectual Michael Anton have been pointed out as three
of the main influences in Steve Bannon's political thinking.[244][250] Bannon is an
admirer of paleoconservative commentator Pat Buchanan.[251] Bannon's favorite
columnist is academic Walter Russell Mead.[252] Political theorist and philosopher
Edmund Burke has also been described as a major influence on Bannon's ideological
outlook.[253] In a 2014 speech to a Vatican conference, Bannon made a passing
reference to Julius Evola, a twentieth-century, Nazi-linked Italian writer who
influenced Benito Mussolini's Italian Fascism and promoted the Traditionalist
School, described by a New York Times writer as "a worldview popular in far-right
and alternative religious circles that believes progress and equality are poisonous
illusions." Bannon's interest in the ideas of the Traditionalist School was driven
by Evola's book Revolt Against the Modern World, and Gu�non's books Man and his
Becoming according to the Vedanta and The Crisis of the Modern World.[254] In March
2016, Bannon stated he appreciates "any piece that mentions Evola."[255] In
referring to the associated views of Vladimir Putin, who is influenced by Evola
follower Dugin, Bannon stated "We, the Judeo-Christian West, really have to look at
what he's talking about as far as Traditionalism goes � particularly the sense of
where it supports the underpinnings of nationalism."[256] He has likewise quoted
French anti-Enlightenment writer Charles Maurras approvingly to a French diplomat.
[257][258] Bannon has also repeatedly referenced the controversial 1973 French
novel The Camp of the Saints, which depicts immigration destroying Western
civilization.[259] He has embraced what BBC News describes as Savitri Devi's
"account of history as a cyclical battle between good and evil".[260] Bannon told
an interviewer in 2018 that he is "fascinated by Mussolini", noting: "He was
clearly loved by women. He was a guy's guy. He has all that virility. He also had
amazing fashion sense, right, that whole thing with the uniforms."[261]

German film director Leni Riefenstahl, who produced propaganda films for the Nazi
regime, is said to have influenced Bannon's film-making techniques, with Bannon
describing himself as the "Riefenstahl of the GOP".[262] The opening of Bannon's
2012 documentary film The Hope & The Change consciously imitated Riefenstahl's 1935
film The Triumph of the Will, which depicted the 1934 Nuremberg Rally.[263]

According to The Guardian in January 2018, Bannon's ideology is substantially

similar to that of Stephen Miller, Tucker Carlson, Benny Johnson, Raheem Kassam and
Matthew Boyle, the latter two having been prot�g�s of Bannon at Breitbart.[264]

Personal life

Bannon in 2018
Bannon has been married and divorced three times. He has three adult daughters. His
first marriage was to Cathleen Suzanne Houff.[265] Bannon and Houff had a daughter,
Maureen, in 1988 and subsequently divorced.[266][110]

Bannon's second marriage was to Mary Louise Piccard, a former investment banker, in
April 1995. Their twin daughters were born three days after the wedding. Piccard
filed for dissolution of their marriage in 1997.[267][268]

Bannon was charged with misdemeanor domestic violence, battery, and dissuading a
witness in early January 1996 after Piccard accused Bannon of domestic abuse. The
charges were later dropped when Piccard did not appear in court.[269] In an article
in The New York Times Piccard stated her absence was due to threats made to her by
Bannon and his lawyer:

Mr. Bannon, she said, told her that "if I went to court, he and his attorney would
make sure that I would be the one who was guilty" ... Mr. Bannon's lawyer, she
said, "threatened me," telling her that if Mr. Bannon went to jail, she "would have
no money and no way to support the children." ... Mr. Bannon's lawyer ... denied
pressuring her not to testify.[270]

Piccard and Bannon divorced in 1997. During the divorce proceedings, Piccard
alleged that Bannon had made antisemitic remarks about her choice of schools,
saying he did not want to send his children to The Archer School for Girls because
there were too many Jews at the school, and Jews raise their children to be "whiny
brats". Bannon's spokesperson denied the accusation, noting that he had chosen to
send both his children to the Archer School.[269][271][272][273][274]

Bannon's third marriage was to Diane Clohesy; they married in 2006 and divorced in
2009.[275][276]

Filmography
Bannon has been a producer, writer or director on the following films and
documentaries:

Year Title Credited as Notes

1991 The Indian Runner[277] executive producer
1999 Titus[278] co-executive producer
2004 In the Face of Evil: Reagan's War in Word and Deed[279] director, co-
producer, writer based on the 2003 book Reagan's War by Peter Schweizer
2005 Cochise County USA: Cries from the Border executive producer
2006 Border War: The Battle Over Illegal Immigration executive producer
2007 Tradition Never Graduates: A Season Inside Notre Dame Football executive
producer
2009 The Chaos Experiment executive producer
2010 Generation Zero[280] director, producer, writer based on the 1997 book
The Fourth Turning by William Strauss and Neil Howe[281]
Battle for America[282] director, producer, writer
Fire from the Heartland: The Awakening of the Conservative Woman[282] director,
producer, writer
2011 Still Point in a Turning World: Ronald Reagan and His Ranch[283] director,
writer
The Undefeated[282][284] director, producer, writer about Sarah Palin
2012 Occupy Unmasked[285] director, writer
The Hope & The Change[286] director, producer, writer
District of Corruption director, producer
2013 Sweetwater[287] executive producer
2014 Rickover: The Birth of Nuclear Power executive producer
2016 Clinton Cash producer, writer based on the same-titled Peter Schweizer
book Clinton Cash
Torchbearer director, producer, writer features Duck Dynasty patriarch Phil
Robertson[288]
2018 Trump @War[289] director, writer Starring Corey Lewandowski, Pete Hegseth,
Sebastian Gorka, Raheem Kassam, Sonnie Johnson, Raynard Jackson, Alfredo Ortiz,
Sasha Gong, Erik Prince, Joe Concha, Lian Chao Han, Bill Gertz, Michael Caputo, Rob
Wasinger, John Zmirak
See also
No formal allegations have been made against Bannon regarding Russian interference
in 2016 elections or improper relations with Russia, though his actions within the
Trump campaign and administration are a subject of the Mueller investigation.

Timeline of Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections

Timeline of investigations into Trump and Russia (2018)
Notes
Bannon was erroneously referred to as a captain, but a correction was given.[74]
Bannon was erroneously referred to as a "managing partner."[77]
Breitbart called far right
[4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12]
Breitbart associated with alt-right
[13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20]
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