OFFICIAL MICROSOFT LEARNING PRODUCT 20480B Programming in HTMLS with JavaScript and Css3Progaming in IMLS wth Sct and S53 Information in this document, including URL and other Internet Web site references, is subject ta change without notice. Unless otherwise noted, the example companies, organizations, products, domain names, ‘e-mail addresses, logos, people, places, and events depicted herein are fictitious, and no association with ‘any real company, organization, product, domain name, e-mail address, logo, person, place or event is Intended or should be inferred. Complying with all applicable copyright laws is the responsibilty of the User. 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Product Number: 204808 Part Number (if applicable): Released: xx/20xxMICROSOFT LICENSE TERMS OFFICIAL MICROSOFT LEARNING PRODUCTS: MICROSOFT OFFICIAL COURSE Pre-Release and Final Release Versions These license terms are an agreement between Microsoft Corporation and you. Please read them. They apply to: the Licensed Content named above, which includes the media on which you received it, if any. These license terms also apply to any updates, supplements, internet based services and support services for the Licensed Content, unless other terms accompany those items, If so, those terms apply. BY DOWNLOADING OR USING THE LICENSED CONTENT, YOU ACCEPT THESE TERMS. IF YOU DO NOT ACCEPT ‘THEM, DO NOT DOWNLOAD OR USE THE LICENSED CONTENT. If you comply with these license terms, you have the rights below. 1. 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Elle s'applique également, méme si Microsoft connaissait ou devrait connattre ’éventualité d’un tel dommage. Si votre pays n’autorise pas exclusion ou la limitation de responsabilité pour les dommages indirects, accessoires ou de quelque nature que ce soit, il se peut que Ia limitation ou exclusion ci-dessus ne s'appliquera, pas votre égard. EFFET JURIDIQUE. Le présent contrat décrit certains droits juridiques. Vous pourriez avoir d'autres droits prévus par les lois de votre pays. Le présent contrat ne modifie pas les droits que vous conférent les lois de votre pays sicelles-ci ne le permettent pas. Revised December 2011Progaming in IMLS wt Sct and S53 Welcome! ‘Thank you for taking our traning! We've worked together with aur Microsoft Certified Partners fer Leerning Solutions and our Microsoft IT Academies to biing you 2 world-class learning ‘experience—whether you're a professional looking to advance your skills or a student preparing for a careerin IT 1 Microsoft Certified Trainers and Instructors—Your instructor ica technical and instructional expert who meets ongeing certification requirements, And, if instructors are delivering training at one of our Certified Partners for Learning Solutions, they are also evaluated throughout the year by students and by Microsoft. Certification Exam Benefits—A‘ter tisining, consider taking 4 Microsoft Cetiicstion ‘exam, Microsoft Cetifications validate your skis on Mierocot tachnologias andi can help differentiate you when finding a job or boosting your career. Infact, independent rasearch by IDC concluded that 753 of managers believe certifications are important to team performance’. Ask your instructor about Microsoft Certification exam promotions and discounts that may be available to you. "Customer Satisfaction Guarantee—Our Certified Partners for Learning Solutions offer 2 satisfaction guarantee and we hold them accountable for it. At the end of class, pleare Complete an evaluation af tacay’s experience. We value your feedbackl We wish you a great learning experience end ongoing success in your career! Sincerely, Microsoft Learning wwewumicrosoft.com/learning Microsoft | Learning OC, Vieot Certcaton Team Craton nd Organon Peformance Hove 2005royraming in HIM with acid nd 53 si Acknowledgments Microsoft Learning wants to acknowledge and thank the folowing for thir contribution toward developing this tile, Their effort at various stages inthe development has ensured that you have a good classroom experience John Sharp - Content Developer John Sharp gained an honors degree in Computing from Imperial College, London. He has been eveloping software and writing traning courses, uides, and books for over 25 years. John has experience in a wide range of technologies, from database systems and UNIX through to C, C++ and Ct applications for the INET Framework, together with Java and JavaScript development, He has authored several books for Microsoft Press, including six editions of C# Step By Step, Windows Communication Foundation Step By Step, andthe J# Core Reference Andrew Davey - Subject Matter Expert ‘Andrew Davey has a Bachelor degree in Computer Science and has been working in the software industry for 10 years, primarily with Microsoft technologies His current focus ison building rich interactive web applications by using ASP.NET, HTMILS and JavaScript. He is an active member of the developer community and the creator of a number of popular open source: projects Andy Olsen - Subject Matter Expert ‘Andy Olsen studied Physics in Southampton University in the UK, and has been working in IT for more than 25 years. He has been working with the NNET Framework since Beta 1, and has written and designed numerous Microsoft courses covering a wide range of subjects, including ASP.NET, WPF, WCF, ADO.NET, XML, and HTMLS. ‘Andy is a regular speaker at conferences and spends most of his spare time developing .NET solutions for large companies based in the UK, Europe, and Asia, Dan Maharry - Subject Matter Expert Dan Maharty isan experienced technical author with over a dozen books to his name and many more as technical reviewer and editor for a variety of publisher including Wrox, Apress, Microsoft Press, and (OReilly, He's also a NET developer with past stints for the dotCoop TLD registry and various web development houses. David Day - Subject Matter Expert David Day isa senior web developer fora local authority inthe United Kingdom, He builds web applications that combine MIVC3, the NET Framework 4, Nbibernate, SQL Server, HTMILS, CSS JavaScript and jQuery. Carsten Thomsen - Technical Reviewer Carsten Thomsen is currently doing SharePoint 2010 development, but his interests are varied when it ‘comes to IT and include development of ASP.NET, Windows Forms, Windows Store, Windows Phone, and ‘other types of applications and components,Progr in HTML wth Sct and S53 He has authored a number of development books, as well as more than 20 Microsoft Learning courses.royraming in HIM with acid nd 53 Contents Module 1: Overview of HTML and CSS Lesson 1: Overview of HTML Lesson 2: Overview of CSS Lesson 3: Creating a Web Application by Using Visual Studio 2012 Lab: Exploring the Contoso Conference Application Module 2: Creating and Styling HTML Pages Lesson 1: Creating an HTMLS Page Lesson 2: Styling an HTMLS Page Lab: Creating and Styling HTMLS Pages Module 3: Introduction to JavaScript Lesson 1: Overview of JavaScript Lesson 2: Introduction to the Document Object Model Lesson 3: Introduction to jQuery Lab: Displaying Data and Handling Events by Using JavaScript Module 4: Creating Forms to Collect and Validate User Input Lesson 1: Creating HTMLS Forms Lesson 2: Validating User Input by Using HTMLS Attributes Lesson 3: Validating User Input by Using JavaScript Lab: Creating a Form and Validating User Input Module 5: Communicating with a Remote Server Lesson 1: Sending and Receiving Data by Using the XMLHTTPRequest Object Lesson 2: Sending and Receiving Data by Using the jQuery Library Lab: Communicating with a Remote Server Module 6: Styling HTMLS by Using CSS3 Lesson 1: Styling Text by Using CSS3 Lesson 2: Styling Block Elements Lesson 3: Pseudo-classes and Pseudo-elements Lesson 4: Enhancing Graphical Effects by Using CSS3, Lab: Styling Text and Black Elements by Using CSS3 Module 7: Creating Objects and Methods by Using JavaScript Lesson 1: Writing Well-Structured JavaScript Code Lesson 2: Creating Custom Objects Lesson 3: Extending Objects page 2 page 15 page 22 page 28 page 2 page 9 page 19 page2 page 13 page 19 page 27 page 2 page 6 page 10 page 14 page 2 page 8 page 12 page 2 page 6 page 14 page 17 page 24 page2 page 6 page 12xiv Programmingin ILS with ari and C3 Lab: Refining Code for Maintainability and Extensibility page 17 Module 8: Creating Interactive Pages by Using HTMLS APIs Lesson 1: Interacting with Files page 2 Lesson 2: Incorporating Multimedia page? Lesson 3: Reacting to Browser Location and Content page 12 Lesson 4: Debugging and Profiling a Web Application page 17 Lab: Creating Interactive Pages by Using HTMLS APIs page 22 Module 9: Adding Offline Support to Web Applications Lesson 1: Caching Offline Data by Using the Application Cache API. page 2 Lesson 2: Persisting User Data by Using the Local Storage AP! page 10 Lab: Adding Offline Support to Web Applications page 15, Module 10: Implementing an Adaptive User Interface Lesson 1: Supporting Multiple Form Factors page 2 Lesson 2: Creating an Adaptive User Interface page 6 Lab: Implementing an Adaptive User Interface page 13, Module 11: Creating Advanced Graphics Lesson 1: Creating Interactive Graphics by Using SVG page 2 Lesson 2: Programmatically Drawing Graphics by Using the Canvas API page 19 Lab: Creating Advanced Graphics page 26 Module 12: Animating the User Interface Lesson 1: Applying CSS Transitions page 2 Lesson 2: Transforming Elements page? Lesson 3: Applying CSS Key-frame Animations page 16 Lab: Animating the User Interface page 22 Module 13: Implementing Real-time Communication by Using Web Sockets Lesson 1: Introduction to Web Sockets, page 2 Lesson 2: Using the Web Socket API page4 Lab: Performing Real-time Communication by Using Web Sockets page 10 Module 14: Performing Background Processing by Using Web Workers Lesson 1: Understanding Web Workers page 2 Lesson 2: Performing Asynchronous Processing by Using ‘Web Workers page 5 Lab: Creating a Web Worker Process page 11 Lab Answer KeysPrograming in IMLS th aS nd C553 ‘Module 1 Lab: Exploring the Contoso Conference Application page 1 ‘Module 2 Lab: Creating and Styling HTMLS Pages page ‘Module 3 Lab: Displaying Data and Handling Events by Using JavaScript pagel ‘Module 4 Lab: Creating a Form and Validating User Input page 1 ‘Module 5 Lab: Communicating with a Remote Server page 1 ‘Module 6 Lab: Styling Text and Block Elements by Using CSS3 page 1 Module 7 Lab: Refining Code for Maintainabilty and Extensibility page 1 Module 8 Lab: Creating Interactive Pages by Using HTMLS APIs page Module 9 Lab: Adding Offline Support to Web Applications pagel Module 10 Lab: Implementing an Adaptive User Interface page 1 ‘Module 11 Lab: Creating Advanced Graphics page 1 ‘Module 12 Lab: Animating the User Interface page 1 ‘Module 13 Lab: Performing Real-time Communication by Using Web Sockets pagel Module 14 Lab: Creating a Web Worker Process pagebout Tis Cause About This Course This section provides a brief description of the course, audience, suggested prerequisites, and course ‘objectives. Course Description This course provides an introduction to HTML, CSS3, and JvaScrint. It helps students gain basic HTML, 552, and JavaScript programming sil. Students wil lean how to use HTMLS, C553, and JavaScript to bud responsive and scalable web applications that can dynamically detect and adapt to diferent form factors and device capabiies. Audience This course is intended for professional developers who have six to 12 months of programming experience and who are interested in developing applications by using HTMLS with JavaScript and CSS3 (either Windows Store apps for Windows 8 or web applications). This course is intended for students who have the following experiencé ‘+ One to three months of experience creating web applications, including writing simple JavaScript code. ‘+ One month of experience creating Windows client applications. ‘+ One month of experience using Visual Studio 2010 or 2012, This course is not intended for developers with three or more months of HTMILS coding experience. Student Prerequisites Before attending this course, students must have at last three months of professional development experiance. In addition to their professional experience, students who attend this training should have a combination of practical and conceptual knowledge related to HTMLS programming, Ths includes the following prerequisites: ‘© Understand the basic HTML document structure: ‘© How to use HTML tags to display text content. © How to use HTML tags to display graphics. © How to use HTML APIs. ‘+ Understand how ta style common HTML elements by using CSS, including: © How to separate presentation from content. © How to manage content flow. ‘© How to control the position of individual elements, © How to implement basic CSS styling, ‘+ Understand how to write JavaScript code to add functionality to a web page: © How to create and use variables. © How touse:Abou This couse arithmetic operators to perform arithmetic calculations involving one or more variables; + relational operators to test the relationship between two variables or expressions; + logical operators to combine expressions that contain relational operators. ‘© Howto control the program flow by using if... else statements, ‘© Howto implement iterations by using loops. 2 Haw to write simple functions. Course Objectives ‘After completing this course, students will be able to: Explain how to use Visual Studio 2012 to create and run a web application. Describe the new features of HTMLS, and create and style HTMLS pages. ‘Add interactivity to an HTMLS page by using JavaScript Create HTMLS forms by using different input types, and validate user input by using HTMLS, attributes and JavaScript code. Send and receive data to and from a remote data source by using XMLHTTPRequest objects and jQuery AJAX operations. Style HTMLS pages by using C553. Create well-structured and easly maintainable JavaScript code. Use common HTMLS APIs in interactive web applications. Create web applications that support offline operations. Create HTMLS web pages that can adapt to different devices and form factors. ‘Add advanced graphics to an HTMLS page by using Canvas elements, and Scalable Vector Graphics. Enhance the user experience by adding animations to an HTMLS page. Use Web Sockets to send and receive data between a web application and a server. Improve the responsiveness of a web application that performs long-running operations by using Web Worker processes Course Outline ‘The course outline is as follows: Module 2, “Overview of HTML and CSS" Module 2, "Creating and Styling HTML Pages’ Module 3, “introduction to JavaScript’ Module 4, "Creating Forms to Collect and Validate User Input* Module 5, "Communicating with a Remote Server” Module 6, “Styling HTMLS by Using CSS3°bout Tis Cause ii ‘Module 7, "Creating Objects and Methods by Using JavaScript ‘Module 8, "Creating Interactive Pages by Using HTMLS APIs* ‘Module 9, “Adding Offline Support to Web Applications* ‘Module 10, “Implementing an Adaptive User Interface” ‘Module 11, “Creating Advanced Graphics’ ‘Module 12, “Animating the User interface Module 13, “implementing Real-time Communi Module 14, “Performing Background Processing by Using Web Workers" Course Materials The following materials are included with the course: Course Handbook: a succinct classroom learning guide that provides the critical technical information in e crisp, tightly focused format, which is essential for an effective in-class learning experience. ‘+ Lessons: guide you through the learning objectives and provide the key points that are critical to the success ofthe in-class learning experience. ‘+ Labs: provide a real-world, hands-on platform for you to apply the knowledge and skill learned in the module. ‘+ Module Reviews and Takeaways: and skills retention, rovide on-the-job reference material to boost knowledge + Lab Answer Keys: provide step-by-step lab solution guidance. Course Companion Content: searchable, easy-to-browse digital content with integrated premium online resources that supplement the Course Handbook. ‘+ Modules: include companion content, such as questions and answers, detailed demo steps and additional reading links, for each lesson. Additionally they include Lab Review questions and answers and Module Reviews and Takeaways sections, which contain the review questions and answers, best practices, common issues and troubleshooting tips with answers, and real-world issues and scenarios with answers. Resources: include well-categorized additional resources that give you immediate access to the ‘most current premium content on TechNet, MSDN® or Microsoft® Press. Student Course files on the http://www.microsoft,com/learning/companionmoc Site: includes the Allfilesexe, a self-extracting executable file that contains all required files for the labs and demonstrations, Course evaluation: at the end of the course, you will have the opportunity to complete an online evaluation to provide feedback on the course, training facility, and instructor. ‘+ To provide additional comments or feedback on the course, send an email to support@mscourseware.com. To inguire about the Microsoft Certification Program, send an email to mephelp@microsoft.com.v Abou This couse Virtual Machine Environment ‘This section provides the information for setting up the classroom environment to support the business scenario of the course, Virtual Machine Configuration In this course, you will use Microsoft Hyper-V™ to perform the labs. Important: At the end of each lab, you must close the virtual machine and must not save any changes. To close a virtual machine (VM) without saving the changes, perform the following steps: 1 On the VM, on the Action menu, click Close. 2. In the Close dialog box, in the What do you want the virtual machine to do? lst, click ‘Tum off and delete changes, and then click OK. ‘The following table shows the role of each VM that Virtual machine Role MSL-TMGL Gateway computer for Internet access 204808-SEA-DEVIL Development computer used for building web applications. The demonstration and lab flies are located on the E\Drive, in folders named Mod01, ‘Mod02, and so an up to Moda. Software Configuration ‘The following software is installed on each VME '¢ Microsoft Windows 8 Enterprise ‘¢ Microsoft Visual Studio 2012 Ultimate Microsoft Office Professional Plus 2010 Course Files ‘The files associated with the labs in this course are located in the E\Labfiles folder on each VM. Classroom Setup Each classroom computer will have the same VMs configuted in the same way. Course Hardware Level To ensure a satisfactory student experience, Microsoft Learning requires a minimum equipment ‘configuration for trainer and student computers in all Microsoft Certified Partner for Learning Solutions (CPLS) classrooms in which Official Microsoft Learning Product courseware is taught.bout Tis Cause v Hardware Level 6+ Intel Virtualization Technology (Intel VT) or AMD Virtualization (AMD-V) processor ‘Dual 120 GB hard disks 7200 RM SATA or better* 8GB or higher DVD drive ‘Network adapter with Intemet connectivity Super VGA (SVGA) 17-inch monitor “Microsoft Mouse or compatible pointing device Sound card with amplified speakers *Striped {In addition, the instructor computer must be connected to a projection display device that supports SVGA. 1024 x 768 pixels, 16 bt color.aa Module 1 Overview of HTML and CSS Contents: Module Overview a Lesson 1: Overview of HTML 12 Lesson 2: Overview of CSS ais Lesson 3: Creating a Web Application by Using Visual Studio 2012. 1-22 Lab: Exploring the Contoso Conference Application 1-28 Module Review and Takeaways 138 Module Overview ‘Most modern web applications are built upon a foundation of HTML pages that describe the content that users read and interact with, style sheets to make that content visually pleasing, and JavaScript code to provide a level of interactivity between user and page, and page and server. The web browser uses the HTML markup and the style sheets to render this content, and runs the JavaScript code to implement the behavior of the application. This module reviews the basics of HTML and CSS, and introduces the tools that this course uses to create HTML pages and style sheets. Objectives ‘After completing this module, you will be able to: ‘+ Explain how to use HTML elements and attributes to lay out a web page. “+ Explain how to use CSS to apply basi styling to a web page. ‘+ Describe the tools that Microsoft® Visual Studio® provides for building web applications.1-2 _veniewof HAL ad 35 Lesson 1 Overview of HTML HTML has been the publishing language ofthe web since 1992, In this lesson, you wil learn the fundamentals of HTML, how HTML pages are structured, and some of the basic features that can be added to an HTML page. Lesson Objectives {After completing ths lesson, you will be abe to: + Describe the structure of an HTML page + Explain basic HTML elements and attributes. + Create and correctly markup an HTML page containing text elements * Display graphics in an HTML page by using image elements, and link pages together by using anchor elements. + Create an HTML form page. * Integrate JavaScript code into an HTML page. The Structure of an HTML Page HTML is an acronym for Hyper Text Markup. Language. It is a static language that determines, AIL HTML pages have the same structure the structure and semantic meaning of web a ee page. You use HTML to create content and "ce metadata that browsers use to render and display = information. HTML content can include text, images, audio, video, forms, lists tables, and many | “Each version of HTML has ks own DOCTYPE “he browser ses the DOCTYPEdecoation to tering ‘other ites. An HTML page can also contain Tove taepet tne inom mohun hyperlinks, which connect pages to each other and For MLS pages. speaty a DOCTYPE of htm ‘to websites and resources elsewhere on the Internet, Every HTML page has the same basic structure: ‘+ ADOCTYPE declaration stating which version of HTML the page uses. ‘+ An htm! section that contains the following elements ‘© Aheader that contains information about the page for the browser. This may include its primary language (English, Chinese, French, and so on), character set, associated style sheets and script files, author information, and keywords for search engines. © Abody that contains al the viewable content of the page. This is true forall versions of HTML up to and including HTMLS. ‘An HTMLS web page should include 2 DOCTYPE declaration, and a element that in turn contains ‘a chead> element containing the title and character set of the page and a element for the content, ‘The minimum maintainable page Progen in HTML ith eat and C555 1-3 cht] Tang"en"> “cheads ‘nota charset—"utf-8"/> ‘ thts The code example above uses the DOCTYPE declaration for HTMLS. ‘+ Strict DOCTYPEs, which do not permit the use of frames or deprecated elements from previous versions of HTML. Atal times, if you cannot use the HTMLS DOCTYPE you should use the strict HTML 401 DOCTYPE. If an HTML file has no DOCTYPE, browsers may use their own value and might render your web page inconsistently, so itis important to include the DOCTYPE. Tags, Elements, Attributes, and Content The head and body of a web page both use HTML elements to define its structure and contents. For ‘example, a paragraph element, representing 3 paragraph of text an the page, consists of: ‘+ An opening tag,

, to denote the start of, the paragraph, © Text content. = Adlosing ta paragraph. }.

, to denote the end of the Tags and elements are sometimes referred to interchangeably, although this is incorrect. An ‘element consists of tags and content. “HIML elements define the structure and semantics ‘of cantent on a web page “Elements identify their content by surrounding it with 2 start and an end tag Elements can be nested: *Use attributes to provide ational information about the content of an element1-4 _eniewof HAL ad 35 Nest elements within each other to elicit more semantic information about the content. If tis nat obvious from the context, indent nested elements to help keep track of which are parent and which are child elements ‘The body of a simple document ‘eh class-"blue">an introduction to elenents, tags and contents D> “ consist of bookended by a tag.

= Certain elements, such as the horizontal rule element, do not need content hovever and consist of a Single, Self-closing element. These are known as enpty elenents ip Each HTML element tells the browser something about the information that sits between its opening and closing tags. For example, the strong and em elements represent “strong importance” and ‘emphasis for ‘their contents, which browsers tend to render respectively as text in bold and text in italics. hi elements represent a top-level heading in your document, which browsers tend to render as text in a large, bold font. Attributes provide additional information, presentational or semantic, about the contents of an element. They appear within the start tag of an element and have a name and a value The name should be in lowercase characters. Most values are pre-defined based on the attribute they are for, and should be contained within quotes. In the previous example, the hl start tag contains the class attribute set to the value biue. Most attributes can qualify only certain elements, However, HTML defines a group of global attributes for Use with any element. © additional Reading: You can view a complete list HTML global attributes on the WC ‘website, at http://g0.microsoft com/fwlink/?LinkID =267708, Displaying Text in HTML Every web page requires content: text and images. HTML defines many elements that enable you to | Textin HTML can be marked up structure that content and to give it some sematic context Headings and Paragraphs HTML has included elements to identify paragraphs and headings in a document since v1 in 1992, +

identifies paragraphs of text. © chl>,

,

, ..,

identify sic levels of heading text. Use

to identify + Asheadings and paragraphs With emphasis the main heading of the entire page,

to identify the headings of each section in the page, <

to identify the sub-sections within those secondary headings, and so on.Progen in IMLS with eat and (SSS 1-5 Its important to use the heading and paragraph tags to identify sections, sub-sections, and text content in a web page. Headings and tags make the content more understandable to readers and indexers, as well as easier to read on screen. ‘Marking up text -chisan Introduction to HTm a Worldiidelicb was a piece of software written by Sir Tim Berners-Lee at CERN as a replacenent for Gopher. Tt and HIML vi were made open source software in 1993. The World Wide Wed as wwe know it started with this piece of software.

The openness of WorldideHed neant many different web browsers were created early (on, including Netscape Navigator and NCSA Mosaic, uivich Tater became Internet Explorer.

When writing HTML markup, remember that any sequence of whitespace characters-spaces, tabs, and carriage returns-inside text are treated as a single space. The only exception to this is when that sequence is inside a

 element, in which case the browser displays all the spaces.

Emphasis
HTML defines four elements that denote a change in emphasis in the text they surround from the text in
which they are nested:

‘+  identifies text that is more important than its surrounding text. The browser usually renders
this content in bold.

‘©  and  identity text to be rendered in bold or in italics, respectively.

You can combine and nest the , , , and  elements to indi
emphasis,

 

te different types of

Browsers can render emphasized text in many different ways.

Adding stress to text

cs
“To  is to give extra weight to (z communication); 

BD Note:The  and  elements in HTML are simply instruction for displaying the text,
rather than specifying than some semantic meaning. In HTMLS, it is better to use  and
 rather than  and .

Lists
Lists organize sets of information in a clear and easily understood format. HTML defines three types of list:

 

‘+ Unordered lists group sets of items in no particular order.

‘© Ordered lists group sets of items in a particular order.1-6 _Qveniewof HAL ad C35

 

* Definition lists group sets of name-value pairs, such as terms and their definitions

All three lis types use a tag to define the start and end of the lst - 
, 
, and 
 respectively
Individual lst entries are identified with the 
 tag for unordered and ordered lists, while definition ists
Use two tags per list item; 
 for the name, or term, and 
 for its value, or definition,

HTML provides for lsting sets of things, steps, and name-value pairs

 

Unordered, ordered, and definition lists


‘
-Here’s 2 smal] 1ist of HTML editors
cus


S}ievisual Studio«/11>

‘SpeHere's how to write @ web page



SlisAdd sone HTML
‘

“peHere’s 2 snall Tist of people in the Internet Hal) of Fame and what they dide/p>

‘

edtsLirus Torvaldse/dt>
‘dgsOriginator of Linux



You can also include anather list within a lst item, as long as the nested list relates to that one specific
item. The nested list does not have to be the same type of list as its parent, although context dictates that
this is usually the case.

‘You may write a table of contents as an ordered lst of chapter names. Each list item may then include a
nested list of headings within that chapter.

Writing nested lists


‘col
‘



elipForms

fit

‘lipLesson Two: Introduction to CSS«/11>





Browsers usually render nested lists by indenting them further into the page, and additionally changing
‘the bullet point style for unordered lists or restarting the list numbering for ordered lists.Progen in HTML ith eat and SSS 1-7

 

Displaying Images and Linking Documents in HTML

 

You use the HTML  tag to insert an image
into your web page. It does not require an end tag | “Use the  tag to display an image

asit does not contain any content. In addition to Tha se tite species the URL of te brag sour:
the global attributes, the  tag has a number

he gb ateteges the to ep" eg ego wa

 

+ The sre attribute specifies a URL that identifies | Use the  tag tocdefine a tnk
the location of the image to be displayed The ref aibute species the tape of the ink

+ The alt atribute identifies a text alternative 
cs
‘




Additional Reading: With so many hardware devices-phones, tablets, televisions, and
‘monitors-offering the user a chance to browse a web page in many different resolutions, it has
become very important to offer the same image at different sizes rather than always getting the
browser to scale the picture. The problem now is how to identify which version of the image
should be displayed at which resolution, The W3C Responsive Images Community Group
|hetpy//mrw.w3.0rg/community/respima/ is hoping to figure out this problem soon.

 

Hypertext Links
‘The main reason forthe invention of HTML was to link documents together. The  tag, also known as
the anchor tag, allows you to identify a section of content in your web page to link to another resource on.
the web. Typically the target ofthis hypertext link is another web page, but it could equally be a text fie,
image, archive fle, email, or web service. When you view your web page in a browser, you click the
content surrounded by the anchor tags to have the linked document downloaded by the browser.

‘Anchor tags have the following non-global attributes

+The href attribute identifies the web page or resource to link to1-8 _veniewof HAL and C35

 

‘+ The target attribute identifies where the browser wil display the linked page; valid values are blank,
_parent,_self, and top.

+ Therel attribute identities what kind of link is being created,
+ The hreflang attribute identifies the language of the linked resource.
‘+ The type attribute identifies the MIME type of the linked resource,

‘One common use for hypertext links is to build a navigation menu on a page so the user can visit other
pages inthe site

‘Adding hypertext links to your web page



‘
Hona

Slivea href="essays.ntal” alte"A list of my essays">Essaysc/a>



  

‘The href attribute is the most important part of linking one online resource to another. You can use
several different value types:

‘+ AURLin the same folder (for example: about htm).
‘* AURL relative to the current folder (for example: ./about htm)

+  AURL absolute to the server root (for example: /pages/about htm.

+ AURLon a different server (for example: http://www. microsoft.com/default htm)
‘+ A fragment identifier or id name preceded by a hash (for example: #section2)

+ A combination of URL and fragment identifier (for example: about html4section2).

Gathering User Input by Using Forms in HTML

 

Many web sites require the user to input

information, such as a user name, password, or
address, Text and images define content that a
user can read, buta form provides a user with a
basic level of interaction with a site, giving the
User an opportunity to provide data that will be
sent to the server for collation and processing,

Use the HTML 
 element to identify an

‘area of your web page that will act as an input

form, This element has the following attributes:

‘+ The aetion attribute, which identifies the URL
‘of the page to which the form data submitted
by the user wil be sent for processing.

 

The  element provides a mechanism for
‘obtaining user input
‘The action atribte species whore
the data vl be sr
“The method atibue species how
ary diferent types ae
sealable

   

 

+ The method attribute, which defines how the data is sent to the server. Valid values are:

© GET for HTTP GET. This is the default value, but is not secure,
© POST for HTTP POST. This is the preferred value,roe in HTML with eat and C553 1-9

 

‘+The accept-charset attribute, which identifies the character encoding of the data submitted in the
form by the user.

‘+The enctype attribute, which identifies the MIME-type used when encoding the form data for
submission when the method is POST.

‘+The target attribute, which identifies where the browser will display the action page: valid values are
blank, parent, self, and top.

 

 

You can add controls and text elements to the form element's content to define its layout

Form Controls
‘An  element represents the main HTML data entry control and has many different forms based
(on its type attribute, as shown in the following table. In addition, the value attribute sets a default value
for numeric or text-based controls, and the name attribute to identify the name of the control

“Value Result
text (defauit) A single line text box
password A single-ine text box where the text entered into the box i replaced by
asterisks
hidden A field not visible to the user
checkbox ‘A checkbox. Provides a yes/no or true/false choice. Use the selected attribute

toiindicate if itis checked by default.

radio A radio button control. Use the name attribute to group several radio button
Controls together. The form will alow either none or one of the grouped radio
buttons to be selected.

 

 

reset A reset button. Clicking this resets all the fields to thei initial values.

submit ‘A submit button, Clicking this wil submit the current form values to the action
ppage for processing,

image ‘An image for use as a submit button. Use the sre attribute to identify the image
tobe used

button ‘A button, This has no default behavior and may be used to run a script when

clicked, for example.

file A file control. Provides a way to submit a file to the server when the submit
button is clicked,

There are four other HTML elements that you can use in a form:

‘+ , which generates a free-form, multiline, plain text edit box; use the rows and cols
attributes to set its size

+ <select>, which defines alist box or drop-down lst. Use the multiple attribute to indicate if the user
can select more than one item from the list and <option> elements nested within <select to
‘identify the items, Use the <option>’s selected attribute to indicate that its selected by default and
Its value attrinute to indicate a value other than its text content to be sent to the server when the
form is submitted,

+ <button>, which defines a button, Use the type atrbute to indicate whether it a submit, reset or
button (does nothing) button, The defauitis submit1-10 Oven of HTML 8S

 

You should use the <button> element rather than its <imput> equivalent if you need the content,
displayed by the button to be more complex than a simple piece of text or a single picture.

Form Layout Elements
You can use <p> and <div> tags to apply a basic layout to a form. HTML also defines two further tags,
that can help to improve a form's presentation:

+ <fieldset>, which identifies a group of controls ina form. The browser reflects this by drawing 2 box
around the contents of the <fieldset> and labeling the box with a name. This name is set by using
the <legend> element, which must be the first child of the <fieldset> element.

+ <label>, which identifies a text label associated with a form control. It does so either by surrounding
both the text and the control, or by surrounding the text and setting t's for attribute to the id of the
form control,

You can use a form to gather many types of input from the user.
Using a form to obtain the details of a user

<form nethod-"post” action="/registration/new" 1d-"registration-fora">
<label Tor="First-nane"sFirst nawe:</Tabel><br />
<input type-‘text* id"first-nane" nane~'FirstName"/><br />
label for-"Tast-nane'>Last nane:</Tabel><br [>
<input type="text" ice"Tast-nane" name="LastNane"/><br (>
<<label for~"enail-address">enail address: </label><br />
Sinput type~'enail” ice"email-address" nama-"Enai laddress"/><br />
Slabel for—"password"=Choose a passvord:</label><br />
<input type="password’ id="passvord” nane="Passvord"/><br />
label for="contirn-password">Contira your password: </Tabel><or />
input type~"password” id-"confirm-passvord’ nane-"ConfirmPassword"/=<br />
label for="websi te"swebsite/blog:</label><br />
<input type—"url” d-"website" rane-"nebsiteurl® /><or />
<eutton type-"'subm t>Register</auttor>
</Torm

 

 

 

 

 

 

Demonstration: Creating a Simple Contact Form

In this demonstration, you will see how to build a simple contact form that enables a user to send a
rmescage to the organization running a web site,

Demonstration Steps
Create an HTML Page

1. On the Windows 8 Start screen, right-click outside of any tile, and in the task bar click All apps.
2. Onthe Windows 8 Start screen, in the Windows Accessories section, click Notepad,
3, Add the following basic HTML structure to the blank text file,

<IDOCTYPE: HTML
shtml Tang"en">
shea
‘meta charset—"UTF-8" />
<titlescontact Usc/title>
<jneat>
ebody>
</body>
</html>

Save the file as E:\Mod01\Democode\ ContactUs.htmlPrograming in MLS th aScipt and S31.

 

‘Add Content to the Page
|Add a level 1 page heading to the <body> element.
-chiscontact contaso Conferencings/hi>
2. Add the company address by using two paragraphs and the line break element as follows:
“eContose Conferencing Ltd.</p>
<=p>123 South Streetebr />
Someshere<br />

‘ver Therecbr >
<em> USAc/emt></p>

 

3. Add a hyperlink for the company's contact emi
than the more common http://.

sddress. Note the use of the mailto: protocol rather

-

i href="nai Itorcontactécontoso.con”>
contactacontose.coM/a>

<p

4. Add the following text to invite users to use the contact form.
p>
If you would 1ke to contact Contoso Conferencing, whether you're interested in our
Services or in a conference we're currently organizing, don't hesitate to contact us

Using our enquiry fore (<strong>Eold fields</strong> are required)
</p>

Save the file.
‘Add a Form with Input Controls
1. Add the following <form> element to the page beneath the text created previoutly.

 

-<form method-"Post* action-"support.as
</form

2. Add the following <fieldset> element and submit button to the form (between the <form ...> and
</form> tags),

sfelaser
legends
‘Your Detai1s and Enquiry
sflegent>
</fieldsets
‘<input type-"submit’ valuen"send” />

3. Add the unordered list shown in the following code sample to the <fieldset> element below the
<flegend> tag, This lst contains input elements for the user's name, telephone number, email
address, and a message.

<ol>
als
label»
-<strongptiane</strong> <br />
‘<input type-" text”
wnane="Usertiane” />
</label>
</i>
<li112 Ovenien of HIM nd 55

 

4, Save the file and close Notepad.
View the Page

1._ Inthe Windows taskbar, click the File Explorer icon.

2. Browse to the folder E:\Mod02\Democode.

3, Double-click ContactUs.htm! to display the page in Internet Explorer.

4. Inthe How do you want to open this type of file .ntml)? dialog box, clck Internet Explorer.
‘The page should look lke this:Programing in IMLS th aarigt and S83 1.33,

 

Desewromasncenctn B= 6) Semele

 

Contact Contoso Conferencing

Comes Cvfrning

Grate

scatman
you woud idk cae Coe Cong whet you ted series on
feafeenc wee caret sy, Sat hese o conta wing ef Ble
Ss were)

‘Yor Deis nd Eiry

1 ame

 

 

 

FIGURE 1.1:THE CONTACTUS PAGE
5. Enter sore sample data, but do not click Send.

BD Note: ifyou do click Send, internet Explorer will display the message This page can’t be
displayed, This occurs because the URL thet is specified asthe action attribute forthe form
(Gupportasps) does not exist.

Attaching Scripts to an HTML Page

 

 

HTML enables you to define the layout for your

web pages, but apart from the eform> element it | -HTMLis static, but pages can use JavaScript to

does not provide for any interaction with the user. | _#4@ dynamic Behavior

‘Additionally, the layout defined by using HTML

 

ofthe JavaScript code
‘markup tends to be fairly static. You can add
Trans babar tea osae' writing measeiol peeve
code Tye oe ccf elena isimgstnt

Nake sie objec sd incon ae nacope before
‘There are several ways that you can include they ae ed oe

+ Use the <script> element to specify the location

JavaScript in your web page, all involving the + Use the <noscript> element to alert users with

<script> element browsers that have serpting disabled

 

‘+ Write the JavaScript on the page as the

 

 

content part of a <script> element.1-14 Oven of HTML 8S

 

<script type="text/javascript">
alert("E am a Ving of JavaScript);
</scripb

Save the JavaScript in a separate file on your web site and then reference it by using the sre attribute
of the <seript> element.

‘<script type-"text/javascript” src~"alertme.j5"></script
+ Reference a third-party JavaScript fle on a different web site

<script _typen"'text/Javascript”
src=" http: //ajax.contoso.com/ajax/jquery/jquery-1.7.2.j5">
<(scrip>

‘The <ccript> element has three attributes:
+ The type attribute, which identifies which script language is used; the default is text/javascript.

# There attribute, which identifies a script fle for download; do not use src if you are writing script
into the content part of the <script> element.

The charset attribute, which identifies the character encoding (for example, utf-8, Shift-IS) of the
‘external script file: if you are not using the ste attribute, do not set the charset attribute.

‘Always specify both start and end <script» tags, even if you are linking to an external script file and you

have no content between the tags.

lis common for a web application to divide JavaScript functionality into several scripts. Additionally,

‘many web applications use thied party JavaScript files (such as those that implement jQuery). The order in

which you add links to JavaScript files is important, and to ensure that they are in scope you must add

links to scripts that define objects and functions before the scripts that use these objects and functions.

Older browsers do not always support JavaScript, and sometimes users running more modern browsers

‘may disable JavaScript functionality for security reasons. n these cases, any features on your web pages

‘that use JavaScript may not run correctly. You can alert the user that this isthe case by using the

<noscript> element. This element enables a browser to display a message, warning the user that the

page may not operate correctly unless JavaScript is enabled,

Use the <noseript> element to alert users that your page uses JavaScript, and so the user should enable

JavaScript in the browser in order to display your page correctly.

‘The <noscript> element

<body>
<noscript-this page uses JavaScript. Please enable it in your browser</noscript>

Rest of page

“escript sre-"myscripts. 1s
</body>

</script>

 

 

=) nest Practice: In general, it is good practice to add links to scripts as the last elements
nested inside the <body> element. Also, remember that the order of the scripts is important, so
add links for dependent scripts after those on which they depend,Pouring in IMLS th aSrgtandSS3 1-35

 

Lesson 2
Overview of CSS
\Where HTML defines the structure and context of a web page, CSS defines how it should appear in a

browser. In this lesson, you will learn the fundamentals of CSS, how to create some basic styles, and how
to attach these styles to elements of an HTML page.

Lesson Objectives
After completing this lesson, you will be abe to:
+ Explain basic CSS syntax

+ Describe how CSS selectors work

* Describe how CSS styles inherit and cascade.

+ Attach €SS to an HTML page.

 

Overview of CSS Syntax
55's an acronym for Cascading Style Sheets. CSS

provides the standard way of defining how a ~All CSS rules have the same syntax:

browser should display the contents of a web ea

page. CSS enables you to attach presentation rules ree

to fragments of HTML based on selectors that nae

target HTML elements by name, id, or class. It also 1

enables you to vary how 8 page is presented Resumes

according tothe form factor ofthe device on conmentsue | | iapeipi tia
which itis displayed, from a large monitor to a delimiters tay oe
smartphone, and even on an audio reader or ier seo
printer.

 

 

Every CSS rule has the same basic structure:

selector {¢
propertyi valu
property2:_valu

 

PropertyN: value:

This example shows the four parts of every CSS rule:

+ Aselector defines the element or set of elements to target. The styling specified by the CSS rules
associated with this selector is applied to all elements on the web page that match this selector. A CSS
selector can specify the type of element such as dv to select all <div> elements, or the name
attribute of a specific instance of an element. Yau can also select multiple element types such as piv
to select all <p> and all <div>elements. You can even * to select all elements. Other selector
‘expressions are algo possible, and these are described later in this course.

‘+ Apair of curly braces encloses the rules for the selected elements, A rule defines how to render the
selected element; it contains a property-value pair suffixed by a semi-colon.

+ Aproperty identifies the visual aspect of the selected element to change.1-16 Oven of HTML nd 5

 

+ Avalues variable specifies the styling to apply to the property, Values can vary depending on the
property. They might be color names, size values in percentages, pixels, ems, oF points, or the name
of a font, to name three possibilities

‘You can also add comments to your style sheets by using /* */ delimiters. The browser will ignore
comments. Comments can span one or more lines. You can write them outside of or within a CSS rule

All CSS rules have the same basic syntax. Beyond that, the first key to CSS is to know the properties to
apply to sets of elements. This example demonstrates the use of some text-specific properties.
Some simple CSS rules

/* Targets level 1 headings and renders then as 1arge pink text using the Segoe UT font

 

7
hit

font-size: 42px;

color: pini

font-fanily: ‘Segoe Ur";
i
7 Targets enphasized text, rendering it as italicized on a yellow background */
ent

‘background-color: yellow: /* Yellow 35 a good highlight cotor «/
font-style: italic;
z

In the example above, the two rules translate as follows:
* Every chi> element should have text that is 42px high, pink, and in Segoe UI font,
+ Every <em> element should have a yellow background color and its text in italics

‘When writing CSS, note that any sequence of whitespace characters is treated as a single space character.

How CSS Selectors Work

 

CSS selectors specify the content to be styled by
Using the associated set of rules, and + There are three basic CSS selectors
understanding how CSS selectors work is the key Thecemert actor: N29

to defining reusable and extensible syle sheets Deets ret

 

‘The CSS specification provides many different

Wwaysto select the clement or set of elements in a | "CSS to canbe combined 0 crest more

speciicrules

‘eb page to which presentation rules wil apply -Thewicard selector retums these ofa

The following lst summarizes the basic selectors eloments

and the set of elements that they identity. Use (1 to refine selectors based on atte
values

+ The element selector identities the group of
allelements in the page with that name. For
example, h2 0) returns the set of all level to
headings in the page.

 

 

 

+ The class selector, identified by a period, returns the set of all elements in the page where the elass
attribute is set to the specified value. For example, .myClass () returns the set of elements where the
«lass attribute is set to "myClass

+ The id selector, identified by a hash, returns the set of all elements in the page where the id attribute
is set to the specified value. For example, #thisid () returns the set of any elements where the id
attribute is set to *thisld”Programing in IMLS th Sct and S53 _1.27

 

‘The class selector may return a set containing different types of HTML elements—for example, <p>,
section», and <h3>—if they all have the same class attribute value. The same is true of the id selector,
although this selector should only return a single element because the id attribute in a page should be
unique (this is not enforced).

 

Style sheets are often written with the least specific selectors first and the most specific selectors last
Element selectors are the least specific, followed by class and id selectors, and then combinations of the
three.

nd id selectors,

 

Introducing the element, class,

rat
font-size: 24x:

¥

red ¢
color: reds

r

walert {
background-color: red:
color: writes

+

You can combine selectors by using concatenation. In the following example, the two rules combine
selectors to identify a more specific set of elements than either does on its own,

The selector, h2.blue returns the set of <h2> elements with the class "blue", and h2#toc returns the set of
‘<h2> elements with id “toc”

   

Combining selectors
e.plue {
colon: blue;
:
astoc £
font-weight: bold;
r

Note that these two sets may intersect, in which case the CSS properties and values for both rules will
apply—in this case to the set of <h2> elements with id “toc” and class “blue”.

The following table shows examples of the various ways you can concatenate selectors and the set of
elements that the browser returns:

 

 

 

 

 

hablue Returns any <h2> elements of class "blue"

Se Returns any <h2> elements with id "blue"

‘section, h2-Retums any <h2> and any <section> elements

secant Returns any <h2> elements nested within a <section> element at any level

‘section » hz Returns any <h2> elements nested immediately under a <section> element

‘section «hz Returns any <h2> elements immediately following and sharing the same parent
element as a <section> element1-18 Oven of HTML 08 8S

 

h2blue Returns any <h2> elements of class “blue”

Beta) ‘ets any. cha» elements flowing and shang the sae parent element asa

‘The Wildcard Selector

‘The wildcard selector * returns the set of all the elements in a document. This selector is rarely used by
itself, but it can be useful in combination with other elements. For example, the following rue returns @
set of all elements within an <aside> element and makes them slightly fainter.

 

aside * { opacity : 0.6; 7

The Attribute Selector

‘You can further refine any of the selectors already described by inspecting an element for the declaration
of an attribute and its value. The attribute selector is contained in a pair of square brackets appended to a
selector, and can have any of the following forms:

 

aes Returns any <input> elements that use the type attribute, whatever

 

 

 

 

its value.

inputitype="text") Returns any <input> elements where the type attribute value is exactly
‘equal tothe string “text”

input{foo-="red") Retums any <input> elements where the foo attribute (for instance, the
class attribute) contains @ space-separated list of values, one of which is
‘exactly equal to ‘red’

input(type®="sub") Returns any <input> elements where the type attribute value begins
‘exactly with the string "sub".

input(typeS="mit"] Returns any <input> elements where the type attribute value ends

exactly with the string “mit
Returns any <input> elements where the type attribute value contains
the substring “ubmi

 

Returns any <input> elements where the foo attribute valve is either
‘exactly "en" or begins exactly with "en-", ie. the value plus a hyphen.

 

 

‘You can combine attribute selectors by concatenating them. For example, to return a set of all checkboxes
that are checked by default, you would use the following selector:

‘input type-" checkbox" [selected]Programing in IMLS th aSigtandSS3 1.19

 

How HTML Inheritance and Cascading Styles Affect Styling

 

‘As the phrase Cascading Style Sheets suggests,
‘elements on a page can be subjected to several “HTML inheritance and the CSS cascade
cascading transformations depending on ‘mechanism govern how browsers apply style rules

telationships among the elements and the style Sid hhetance deta hic dla

 

sheets associated with a page. To create successful | “bropertes an clement ects from it parent
style sheets, itis important to understand two
concepts: inheritance between HTML elements, The cascade mechanism determines how style

‘and how multiple CSS rules cascade as they are bropertes are angled when conficting res apply
applied to HTML elements. ieaeseiee

HTML Inheritance
Ina web page, HTML elements inherit some
properties from their parent elements unless
specified otherwise, This is of great importance; without inheritance, you would have to declare several
tules for every single element on a page.

 

 

 

Consider the scenario in which you want all text on a web page to use the Candara font. You can set the
<body> element of your page to use this font, and inheritance means that text in every other element
nested inside the body will also se Candara unless another, more specific rule supplants it

body ¢

Font=famit
2

+ Candara;

 

 

inheritance didn't exist, you would have to set this property on every single type of element containing
text content. You might end up writing many repeating styles as shown in the following code example,
hich can be dificult to maintain. You would probably also be looking for an alternative to CSS,

mm, h2, he, na, hs, he

 

©) Note: Not all CSS properties are inherited from parent to child, because it would make no
sense to do so. For example, if you set a background image for an <article> element, it would
probably not be useful for al the child sections and paragraphs to display the same background
image.

Cascading Rules
‘A single element in an HTML page may be matched against more than one selector in a style sheet and
bbe subjected to several different styling rules, The order in which these rules are applied could cause the
‘element to be rendered in different ways. The cascade mechanism is the way in which style rules are
derived and applied when multiple, conflicting rules apply to the same element; it ensues that all
browsers display the element in the same way.

‘There are three factors that browsers must take into considers

 

when they apply styling rules:

1. Importance. You can ensure a certain property is always applied to a set of elements by appending
the rule with important,1-20 Oven of HTML 8S

 

Fe { font-veight : bold !important; }

2. Specificity. Style rules with the least specific selector are applied first, then those for the next specific
‘and so on until the style rules for the most specific selector are applied,

 

3, Source order. If styles rules exist for selectors of equal specificity, they are applied in the order given
in the style sheet.

® Reference Links: For more information on inheritance and the cascade, including
details on how the specifiy ofa selector is calculated, goto
http//go.microsof.comfulink/?LinkID=267710

Adding Styles to An HTML Page

 

HTML enables you to attach your CSS rules to your

 

‘web page in three ways. You can: “Use an element’ style
epegcineie nel? ¥ irbutetodefne yes ttn
+ Write rules specifi to an element within ts specticto that ele
style attribute
“Use the <eyle> element 8 ye gge-eaten
<p stylefont-tamily + Candara; font= the <head> toincude “pSer

 

Size! pe ">... </B> styles specific to @ page: oe

+ Write a set of rules specificta a page within its | -Use the <link» element to reference an external

<head> element by using <style> tags. test

 

 

 

<style types"text/ess">
pt
font-fanily + Candar
>
<style

 

 

font-size: 12p%;

* Write all your rules in a separate style sheet file with the..css extension, and then reference itn the
‘markup of the page by using a <link> tag. The most common place to add a <link> tag is within the
<head> element.

<link rel="stylesheet” type-"text/css" href-'nystyles.css" media-'screen">.

 

‘The <link> element has four CSS-relevant attributes:
+ The href attribute specifies a URL that identifies the location of the style sheet file.

+ Therel attribute indicates the type of document the <link> element is referencing; set this to style
sheet when linking to style sheets.

+ The media attribute indicates the type of device targeted by the style sheet; possible values include
speech for speech synthesizers, print for printers, handheld for mobile devices and all (the default),
indicating the style sheet is all purpose.

+The type attribute indicates the MIME type of the document being referenced; the correct type for
style sheets is text/css which is also the default value for this atribute.

‘The type and media attributes have the same function for the <style> element as their namesakes for
the <link> element.

 

Note that styles are applied in order, from top to bottom, as the page is parsed and processed. Later styles
override earlier styles that are applied to the same element. For example, if you define styles in a <head>Proyramnig in MLS th Script and S312

 

clement and then subsequently add a <link> that references a stylesheet with different styling for the
same elements, then the styles in the stylesheet will override those defined directly in the <head>
clement. However, ifyou define the styles in a <head> element after a <link> that references a stylesheet,
then the styles defined directly will take precedence over those in the stylesheet. If you define styles ini
2 part of an element, they always override any other styling for that element.1:22_Oveiew of HTML 18S

 

Lesson 3
Creating a Web Application by Using Visual Studio 2012

Visual Studio 2012 offers a comprehensive set of tools for developing web applications. From HTML
formatting to JavaScript debugging, it s a must-use tool for web application developers using the
‘Windows platform, Internet Explorer 10 also contains a number of useful tools for inspecting a web page
and the style sheets and script it references,

‘This lesson introduces Visual Studio 2012 and the support itincludes for building web epplications. This
lesson also examines the F12 Developer Toots for Internet Explorer.

Lesson Objectives

‘After completing ths leon, you will be able to:

+ Open, inspect and run a web application by using Visual Studio 2012

+ Explain how to use the F12 Developer Tools for Internet Explorer.

Developing Web Applications by Using Visual Studio 2012

 

Visual Studio 2012 is the current version of

 

 

Microsoft's primary suite of tools for developers. Visual Studio 2012 provides tools for:

‘With Visual Studio 2012, you can perform the ‘eeainga web appaton project and dking flders

following tasks: Dxbsoging laser cade examining and moving

robes nd ing the

+ Create web applications using HTMLS, C583, Deploying awe apletion toa web server tothe
and JavaScript sous

Visual Studio 2012 provides a collection of project | visual studo 2012 features include:

templates to get you started building web Ful suppor for HTMIS

applications. you are building applications by melisens for inact code

Suppo C553 properties and
(CSS colorpicher

 

using HTMLS and JevaScript only, the most
appropriate templates are the ASP.NET Empty
‘Web Site and ASP.NET Empty Web Application
‘templates. You can structure your web application to organize the content by creating additional folders
incide the project.

 

 

 

+ Debug web applications

\Visual Studio 2012 provides extensive debugging features for JavaScript code. You can set breakpoints,
single step through code, examine and modify the contents of variables, view the call stack, and perform,
many other common debugging tasks

+ Deploy web applications to a web server, orto the cloud with Windows Azure.

\Visual Studio 2012 provides wizards that enable you to quickly deploy a web application to a web server.
I you have the Windows Azure SDK installed, you can deploy a web application directly to the cloud.

‘There are several editions of Visual Studio. At one end of the scale, Visual Studio Express 2012 for Web is
‘ree to download and install. It targets hobbyists. At the other end, Visual Studio Ultimate 2012 is aimed at
large teams of developers building and maintaining enterprise-level applications.

You can use Visual Studio in conjunction with Team Foundation Server to provide source code control
and tracking for team development.Pouring in MLS th JScript and S53 1.23

 

All versions of Visual Studio 2012 have the same core level of support for developing web applications.
This includes:

+ AN HTML editor updated to recognize HTMLS tags and attributes,
+ Anew JavaScript editor with intliSense suppor.

+ ACSS editor updated to support CSS3 properties and value types.
+ Anew CSS color picker

Visual Studio aso includes @ new development web server called llS Express. This web server provides
many of the same features as IS, except that it is optimized for the development environment.

‘) Note: Previous editions of Visual Studio provided the ASP.NET Development Server. This
server i still available, but IIS Express has fewer limitations. For example, IIS Express includes the
integrated pipeline mode of the full IS that was not available in the ASP.NET Development
Server.

Demonstration: Creating a Web Site by Using Visual Studio 2012

Visual Studio 2012 is the current version of the Microsoft integrated development environment (IDE). This
demonstration shows the primary features that Visual Studio provides for building a web site.

 

Create a Web Site Project

1. On the Windows 8 Start screen, click the Visual Studio 2012 tile
2. In Visual Studio, on the File menu, point to New, and then click Web Site.
3. Inthe New Web Site dialog box click ASP.NET Empty Web Site.

   

Note: It does not matter whether you select the Visual Basic or Visual C# templates in the
left pane; the templates for both languages enable you to create HTMLS web pages and
implement functionality by using JavaScript.

4. From the web location drop-down lis, click File System, set the file path to
E\Mod01\Democode\DemoWebsite, and then click OK.

5. On the File menu, click Save DemoWebsSite.
‘Add and Edit files inthe Project

In Visual Studio, click Solution Explorer.

In the Solution Explorer window, right-lck the DemeWebSite project.

In the context menu, point to Add and then click Existing Item.

In the Add Existing Item dialog box, browse to E\Mod01\Democode, click ContactUs.html, and
then click Add.

5. Inthe Solution Explorer window, right-click ContactUs.html, and then click Set As Start Page.

6. In the Solution Explorer window, right-click the DemoWebSite project, point to Add, and then click
New Folder.1-24_Oveiew of HTML 18 8S

 

7. Change the name of the folder ta styles.
8. Right-click the styles folder, point to Add, and then click Add New Item.

8. In the Add New Item - DemoWebSite dialog box, in the middle pane, click Style Sheet, in the
Name box, type ContactUsStyles.css, and then click Add

 

=] Note: You can also use the Add New Item dialog box to create new JavaScript and HTML
files and add them to a project.

10. In the ContactUsStyles.css file, add the following style shown in bold

boay £
font-family: ‘Times New Roman’;
color: blue:

5

 

Note: Notice that the new CSS color picker appears when you specify the color property.
‘You can use the color picker to select a color and to generate the corresponding code for the
color

11. In the Solution Explorer window, double-click ContactUs.html,
12. Add the following markup shown in bold to the <head> element of the page.

head
eneta charsot—"UTF-s" />
<titlescontact Use/title
<link href="styles/ContactUsStyles.css” rel="stylesheet” type:
<lread>

 

“text/ess” />

©) Note: HTML Intelsense provides hints to help ensure that you enter valid HTML. The Pick
URL wizard enables you to quickly select a style sheet.

13. On the File menu, click Save All
Run the Web Application

1. On the Debug menu, click Start Debugging,

2, Inthe Debugging Not Enabled dialog box, click Modi
debugging, and then click OK.

 

‘the Web.config file to enable

3, Verify that Internet Explorer starts running and displays ContactUs html. The text for the page should
appear in blue

4, Imintemet Explorer, if the message Intranet settings are tuned off by default appears click Don’t
show this message again,

 

Note: You can enter some sample data, but do not click Send because the URL that is the
target of the form is not available.

5. Leave Internet Explorer running and return to Visual Studio 2012,Programing in IMLS th aarigt and S83 1.25

 

Modify the Live Application
1. Inthe ContactUs htm! file, make the following modifications:
a. Change <strong>Name</strong> to <strong>Full name</strong>
b. Change Telephone to Telephone number.
2, Inthe ContactUsStylescs file, add the following style:
met

‘font=fami1
color: red:

  

"copperplate cothict
?

3. On the File menu, click Save All
4. Return to Internet Explorer and press FS to refresh the display.

5. Verify that the Name field changes to Full name, the Telephone field changes to Telephone
‘number, and that the style of the heading has changed.

6. Retumn to Visual Studio 2012,
7. On the Debug menu,

 

lick Stop Debugging.

Using the Internet Explorer F12 Developer Tools

As an aid to developers wishing to inspect and
debug how their web pages are delivered to their
browser, and also in response to similar
‘capabilites in other browsers, Microsoft has
provided the F12 Developer Tools as a feature of
Internet Explorer. These tools enable a developer
to quickly perform the following tasks while the
application is running in Internet Explorer:

‘+ Inspect and validate HTML markup and CSS.
style sheets,

   
  

‘he F2 Developer Tools ensles devlopersto
+ Ip reat HIML ad CS

 

wioomare

 

+ Run and debug JavaScript code.
‘+ Profile page load times to optimize an application.

+ View a page as ifit were being viewed in Internet Explorer 7, Internet Explorer 8, Internet Explorer 9,
or Internet Explorer 10,

In Internet Explorer, press F12 to display the F12 Developer Tools wi

 

‘web application is running1:26 Oven of HTML sn 8S

 

 

(CONTACT CONTOSO CONFERENCING

ie a ae ae 5
Pagoo i ae
ee. eS} ‘saan
‘him ae che Scteciiitmsom |
ret a3 cn
vil el
Peake emi i — on a

 

FIGURE 1.1:THE F12 DEVELOPER TOOLS

‘The menu bar across the top of the Tools window gives you quick access to some Internet Explorer
features and some online document validation services:

‘¢ The File menu gives access to help documents and to close the Tools window.
+ The Find menu enables you to select the HTML markup for an element by clicking on it.

‘+ The Disable menu enables you to toggle Internet Explorer's support for blocking popups, script and
css.

‘+The View menu enables you to taggle the display of information about the elements on the page
such as link paths and tab indexes; ths information overlays the page.

‘+The Images menu enables you to toggle Internet Explorer's support for displaying images along with
the display of information about the images in the page.

'* The Cache menu enables you to change Internet Explorer's cache and cookie settings.

‘¢ The Tools menu gives access to several useful tools; for example, you can change the user agent
string to emulate the behavior of the page in other browsers.

‘+ The Validate menu allows you to validate your HTML and CSS documents against the current
standards and accessibility checklists.

‘The rendeting engine that displays HTML in the Internet Explorer window changes with each new version,

so the Browser Mode and Document Mode drop-down lists allow you to select which version of

Internet Explorer you wish to mimic to see how it would render your page.

Beneath the menu bar, there are six tabs:Programing in MLS th Spt and S83 _1-27

 

‘+The HTML tab has two panes. The left shows a tree-view of the HTML elements in the current page:
its Document Object Model. Clicking on any element in the tree-view populates the right pane with
its CSS styles and attribute values. You can also use this pane to edit the HTML content of a page.

‘+The €SS tab enables you to inspect any of the style sheets referenced by the current document and
cenable\disable any rule or property within a rule to see how that affects the presentation of the page.

  

+The Console tab lets you view any error messages from Internet Explorer during the execution of the
page.

‘+The Script tab enables you to step through and debug any JavaScript executing on your page.

‘+The Profiler tab lets you to examine the performance of each call and function in your JavaScript

code, This feature is useful for determining the hot spots in your application and for highlighting
areas where it may be beneficial to optimize your JavaScript code.

‘+The Network tab enables you to inspect how and when the various images, style sheets, scripts, and
other resources are downloaded as part of your page, why they were downloaded, and how long they
00k to download.

Demonstration: Exploring the Contoso Conference Application

{In this demonstration, you will larn how to open the Contoso Conference application in Visual Studio,
land how to run the application.1:28 Oven of HTML 18S

 

Lab: Exploring the Contoso Conference Application

Scenario
‘ContosoConf is an annual technical conference that describes the latest tools and techniques for building
HTMLS web applications. The conference organizers have created a wab site to support the conference,
Using the same technologies that the conference showcases,

You are a developer that creates web sites by using HTML, CSS, and JavaScript, and you have been given
access to the code for the web site for the latest conference. You decide to take a look at this web
application to see how it works, and how the developer has used Visual Studio 2012 to create it
Objectives

‘After completing this lab, you willbe able to:

+ Describe the structure of the Contoso Conference web application

* Use Visual Studio 2012 to examine the structure of a web application, run a web application, and
modify a web application.

Estimated Time: 30 minutes.
* Virtual Machines: 204808-SEA-DEVL1, MSL-TMG1
# User Name: Student.

+ Password: PasSw0rd,

Exercise 1: Exploring the Contoso Conference Application

Scenario
In this exercise, you will run the Contoso Conference web application and examine each of the functions it
provides.

The Contoso Conference web application contains the following pages:

The Home page, which provides a brief overview of the conference, the speakers, and the sponsors.
The Home page also includes a video from the previous conference.

+ The About page, which provides more detail about the conference and the technologies that it

‘The Schedule page, which lists the conference sessions. The conference has two concurrent tracks,
and the sessions are organized by track. Some sessions are common to both tracks.

* The Register page, wich enables the user to provide their details and register for the conference.

+The Location page, which provides information about the conference location and a map of the
venue.

The Live page, which enables an attendee to submit technical questions to the speakers running the
conference sessions. The page displays the answer from the speaker, together with questions (with
answers) posted by other conference attendees.

+ The Feedback page, which enables the user to rate conference sessions and speakers
The main tasks for this exercise ae as follows

1. Start the web application and view the Home page.

2, View the About and Schedule pages.

3, View the Register page and ragister as a new attendee,Programing in IMLS th aSrgtandSS3 1.29

4. View the Location page.
5. Submit a question and provide conference feedback.

> Task 1: Start the web application and view the Home page
1 Start the MSL-TMGI virtual machine if itis not already running.

2. Start the 20480B-SEA-DEVL1 virtual machine if tis not already running, and log on as Student with
the password Pa$$wOrd

3. Stare Visual Studio,
4. Open the ContosaConf solution in the E\ModO2\Labfiles\Startr folder
5. Star the application without debugging

The Home page is displayed in Internet Explorer, ike this:

    
    
    
            

ContosoConf

 

 

AaZLe

 

southiigle

Troy Rewarch tware. Sur Feurn Cotes sai

 

FIGURE 1.2:THE HOME PAGE

The graphics elements for the speakers and sponsors are implemented by using HTML img elements, The
sources of the images are jpg and png files.

6. Scroll to the bottom of the page and play the video from the previous conference. This functionality
's implemented by using the HTMLS video element.

7. Pause the video.

 

Note: You will not hear any sounds because Hyper-V daes not provide a virtual audio
device,

8, Scroll to the top of the Home page and hover the mouse over the Register Free icon. Notice that
the icon rotates and expands as the mouse enters the icon. This feature is implemented by using CSS.

9. At the very top of the page, move the mouse ever the menu bar listing the names of the pages in the
application. Do not click any menu items. Notice that each item is highlighted as the mouse traverses
it. This feature is implemented by using an HTML nav element and CSS.1-30 Oven of HTML in 5

 

} Task 2: View the About and Schedule pages
1. Using the menu bar, move to the About page.
‘The About page looks lke this:

; -

ContosoConf

      

 

ContosoConf brings web designers and developers together

"tp

     
         
   
     
   
   
   
     

 

nat Ie AM Abou?

 

 

FIGURE 1.3:THE ABOUT PAGE

Notice that when you click an item in the menu bar, the style of the item changes; it is displayed with a
ribbon effect. Ths feature is implemented by using CSS.

 

‘The other styling features, including the large drop-capital’S" at the start of the frst paragraph, the
column layout, and the quotation in the third column, are also implemented by using CSS.

2. Move to the Schedule page.
‘The Schedule page looks like this:

   
   
  

ContosoConf

Schedule

   

 

FIGURE 1.4:THE SCHEDULE PAGEPouring in IMLS th aSrgtandSS3 1.31

‘The list of sessions is held in a database that is accessed by using a web service. This page uses JavaScript
code to connect to the web service, retrieve the list af sessions, and dynamically populate the body of this
page with the session information,

 

3. Select the session Moving the Web forward with HTMLS and click the star icon. When this
happens, notice that the star changes color and that number next to the star increases. This number
indicates how many attendees have expressed an interest in this session; to get a good seat, the user
may need to arrive early for popular sessions.

4. Click the star again to deselect the session. The number of interested attendees drops by one.

The functionality is implemented by a combination of CSS and JavaScript code that sends information to
another web service about the sessions that a user selects.

D> Task 3: View the Register page and register as a new attendee
1. Move to the Register page

The Register page looks like this

ContosoConf

Register for the conference

 

2. Register the details fora new attendee, Enter the following information and then click Register:
© Fist name: Erie
Lastname: Gruber
© Emil address: dummy data
Notice that the page performs the following validations:
© Allfieds apart from Website/blog are mandatory.
©The Email addrass must be in the correct format
©The password must contain at least 5 leters and numbers.
©The value entered for the Confirm your password field must match the password field

This validation is performed by using a combination of HTMILS forms validation controls, and JavaScript
code, The styling of the fields when they display an error is controlled by using CSS.

3. Complete the data by providing the following information, and then click Register:1-32 Oven of HTML 108 8S

© Email address: grubere@contoso.com
© Choose a password: abel234
© Confirm your password: wxyz9999

Notice that this time a different errar message appears because the values specified for the two password
fields are not the same.

4, Change the value in the Confirm your password field to abe1234, and then click Register again.
‘When you have successfully registered, the confirmation page appears

The confirmation page looks like this:

' :

ContosoConf

    
     

 

‘Thanks for registering

 

 

FIGURE 1.6:THE REGISTRATION CONFIRMATION PAGE

 

> Task 4: View the Location page
1. Move to the Location page.

If the message localhost wants to track your physical location appears in the Internet Explorer
message bar, click Allow once. In the Enable Location Services message box, click Yes.

The page displays information about your current location (the distance from the conference venue) by
Using the Geolocation API in JavaScript.

‘The Location page looks like this:Programing in IMLS th aSigtandSS3_ 1.33

 

ContosoConf

tos

 

‘Travelling to ContosoConf
‘Your 462 miles rom the conarence

:THE LOCATION PAGE

 

 

FIGURE 1.

 

Scroll to the bottom of the page. The venue map that appears is generated by using Scalable Vector

Graphics,

Task 5: Submit a question and provide conference feedback
Move to the Live page.

‘The Live page looks like this:

     
   

ContosoConf

 

Attending the conference right now? Get involved!

 

 

FIGURE 1.8:THE LIVE PAGE

‘The Live page enables an attendee to submit questions to a speaker and to view the response. The page
also displays questions asked by other attendees,

Type the question What is the best way to learn HTMILS2, and then click Ask,

2
3

Review the questions that are displayed. This page also enables an attendee to report any questions.
that they feel are unsuitable or offensive.1:34 Oven of HTML in 8S

 

4, Select the question that you just asked and report it. The question will be vetted and then disappear.

Questions and reporting are managed by using a web socket server. The application connects to this
server by opening a client connection and sending requests asynchronously. As other attendees post
questions, the JavaScript code behind this page automatically updates the list of questions that is
digplayed,

5. Move to the Feedback page
The Feedback page looks lke this:

     
    

ContosoConf

Enjoyed the conference? Leave your feedback!

  

 

 

FIGURE 1.2:THE FEEDBACK PAGE.

The Feedback page enables an attendee to provide feedback about a session by selecting a star rating
and by providing additional comments.

The star rating is implemented by using a combination of JavaScript cade and CSS styles behind HTMLS
input fields.

6. Provide a rating for a session; click the third star adjacent to the first question, the fifth star adjacent
to the second question, and the fourth star adjacent to the two remaining questions.

7. Inthe Any addi

 

nal comments box type Good conference, and then click Send Feedback.

Notice that when you send the feedback, the form flies off the screen to indicate that the feedback has
been posted, This animation is performed by using CSS.

8, Close Internet Explorer.

Results: After completing this exercise, you willbe able to describe the features ofthe Contoso
Conference web application and ist the technologies that are used to implement them.
Exercise 2: Examining and Modifying the Contoso Conference Application

Scenario

In this exercise, you will examine the Visual Studio 2012 project for the Contaso Conference application
You will see how the projec is structured, and how the files and scripts for the project are organized intoPrograming in MLS th aScipt and SS3_1.35,

 

folders. You will then run the application again, make some modifications to the HTML markup and CSS,
and view the results

‘The main tasks for ths exercise areas follows
1. Explore the web pages for the application by using Visual Studio 2012.
2. Explore the structure ofthe project.

3. Run the application and male live modifications

D> Task 1: Explore the web pages for the application by using Visual Studio 2012

1. In Visual Studio, open the index.htm file. This file contains the HTML markup for the Home page as
static text, Examine the following items in the file:

© The nav element at the start of the body section, This element defines the menu that appears at
‘the top of the page (the same menu appears on the other HTML pages as well. The item tagged
with the active class specifies the item that refers to the current page. This item is styled
differently when itis rendered,

©The section with the video class above the page footer. This section implements the video player:

‘© The link elements near the top ofthe file, These elements specify the CSS files that provide the
styling for this page. The indexcss style sheet contains the styles specifically for this page, while
the other style sheets contain styles that are used throughout the application.

(©The script elements just before the closing body tag. These elements specify the JavaScript files
‘that implement the functionality for this page.
2. Open the about.htm file. This file contains the HTML markup for the About page as static text.
Notice that

© This page implements the same navigation menu as the Home page. Notice that the About item.
is tagged with the active class; this causes the About item to be displayed using the ribbon style
‘when iti rendered by using the nav.css stylesheet.

© Styling is handled by a set of CSS files. The about.css style sheet implements the styling specific to
this page.
3. Open the schedule.htm file. This file contains the HTML markup for the Schedule page.
In this page, notice that the lst of sessions in the <seetion class=" page-section schedule> clement

's empty: itis populated when the page is displayed by using the JavaScript code in the schedules
script referenced near the end of the file.

4. Open the register.htm file, Ths file contains an HTML form in the <section class="page-section
register"> element. This form validates the data that an attendee enters,

When the user submits the form, their details are posted to the registration service at the URL
registration/new,

(Open the location.htm fie. This file contains an HTML page that displays the distance of the user
from the conference site, together with a venue map.

The distance to the conference site is calculated by using JavaScript code that calls the Geolocation
AI, in the script loeation,js. The script displays the distance in the <h2> element with the id of
distance in the <section class="travel"> element,

‘The venue map is drawn by using Scalable Vector Graphics in the <section class="venue"> element.

 

6. View the live.htm file1-36 Oven of HTML 08 8S

 

enny

‘This file contains a form in the <section class="page-section Live"> element that enables a user to
submit questions,

Questions are posted to a server listening on a web socket

Questions posted by other users are received by using a web socket, and then added to the list on the
page. The JavaScript code that implements the web socket code is located in the lives file.

 

View the feedback.htm file, This page contains the feedback form in the <seetion class="page-
section feedback"> element, enabling attendees to provide thelr feedback on the conference.

The input fields forthe first four questions are rendered as stars by using the JavaScript code in the
StartRating Views file and the styles in the feedbackccss style sheet. Properties of the input fields
define the maximum and minimum ratings, and each rating is displayed as a single yellow star.
The input field for the comments feedback is @ <textarea> element,

‘When the user submits the feedback, JavaScript code in the feedbackis fle and styles in the
feedback css style sheet animate the form to make it fly off the screen.

Task 2: Explore the structure of the project

‘The files for the project are organized into the following folders. n Solution Explorer, examine the
‘contents of each folder in turn:

© images. This folder contains photographs of the conference speakers, and logos of conference
sponsors.

© seripts. This folder contains the JavaScript files used throughout the application. The pages
subfolder contains the JavaScript fles containing the code that is specific to each page. Each file
is named alter the corresponding HTML file.

© styles. This folder contains the styles for the application. tis organized in a similar manner to the
seripts folder, The images subfolder contains the graphic image of a star, used by the feedback
and schedule pages

 

Note: For the purposes of this lab you can ignore the Controllers and Views folders. These
folders contain C# and ASP.NET code that implement the web services used by the application. In the
real world, they would be implemented separately from the web application. You can also disregard
‘the Properties and References folders, which contain items that support the web services, as does the
Global asax fle, You will not use any of these items in this course.

Task 3: Run the application and make live modifications

Build and run the web application without debugging, and display the Home page.

Leave the application running and return to Visual Studio 2012,

Edit the HTML markup for the Home page and change the text for the Register Free button to
Register Now.

Open the nav.ess style sheet in the styles folder, ths style sheet contains the styles used to render
the contents of the <nav> element and change the background color to blue.

Save the changes, return to Internet Explorer, refresh the view, and verity that you can see the effects
‘of the changes.Pouring in ILS with aScigt nd SS3_1-37_1:38 Oven of HTML 8 8S

 

Module Review and Takeaways

In this module, you have learned how you can use HTML to define the content, structure, and semantics
‘of a web page, to use CSS to define the way in which a web page is displayed, and to use JavaScript code
to1add dynamic functionality.

‘You have learned how to write a basic HTML page, and how to use CSS selectors to identity a set of.
‘elements to apply presentation rules to, and how to attach both style sheets and script files to @ web
page.

Finally, you have seen how to use Visual Studio 2012 to create and run a web application, and how to use
‘the F12 Developer Tools in internet Explorer to examine a live application,

Review Question(s)
‘Question: What are the four elements that define the basic structure of an HTML page?
‘Test Your Knowledge

 

Question

‘What is the best way to apply CSS rules to HTML elements that occur in several different pages?

Select the correct answer.

Include all rules for each element in the <style> attribute of the element.

 

Include the rules for each page in a <style> element in the <head> element

 

Write the rules for the whole site in one or more style sheets and reference them by using a
<style> element in the <head> element of each page.

 

‘Write the rules for the whole site in one or more style sheets and reference them by using a
<link> element in the <head> element of each page.

Write the rules for the whole site in ane or more style sheets and reference them by using a
<stylesheet> element in the <head> element of each page.2a

 

Module 2

Creating and Styling HTML Pages

Contents:

‘Module Overview 24
Lesson 1: Creating an HTMLS Page 22
Lesson 2: Styling an HTMLS Page 29
Lab: Creating and Styling HTMLS Pages 219
‘Module Review and Takeaways 2:26

Module Overview

‘The technologies forming the basis ofall web applications HTML, CSS, and JavaScript—have been
available for many years, but the purpose and sophistication of web applications have changed
significantly. HTMLS isthe first major revision of HTML in 10 years, and it provides a highly suitable means
cf presenting content for traditional web applications, applications running on handheld mobile devices,
and also on the Windows 8 platform

 

This module introduces HTMLS, describes its new features, demonstrates how to present content by using
the new features in HTMLS, and how to style this content by using CSS.

Objectives

‘After completing this module, you will be able to:

‘+ Describe the purpose of and new features in HTMLS, and explain how to use new HTMILS elements to
lay out a web page.

‘+ Explain how to use CSS to style the layout, text, and backoround of a web page.2-2 Cetin nd Sting HTML Pages

Lesson 1
Creating an HTMLS5 Page

Many developers creating web applications use HTMLS and CSS3 because these technologies are
lightweight, feature-rich, and platform independent. In ths lesson, you will learn about the new features
‘of HTMLS that are attracting so many new developers to it, and how to create and structure a page by

using some of the new elements in HTMLS.
Lesson Objectives

‘After completing ths lesson, you will be abe to
+ Describe the new features of HTMLS.

+ Explain how to use the new HTMLS elements for describing areas of a document and marking up text

‘+ Explain how to use the new HTMLS elements for adding hyperlinks and images to a page.

What's New in HTMLS?

In 1998, the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C)
decided that it had finished developing HTML and
stopped work on it once version 4.01 became a
‘web standard. However, a small group of
Individuals associated with this project disagreed,
‘and continued to develop it themselves. In 2006,
\W3C reversed its decision based on the work
performed by this group, now named the Web
Hypertext Application Technology Working Group

(WHATWG), and started work on HTMLS, based on

‘a subset of the features defined by WHATWG,

HIMLS has several aims:

 

 

HTML provides many extensions over previous
versions, inluging
Rules fr browser vendors HTML
New elements that reflect modern

‘web application development
“JavaScript APIs that support desktop

and mobile application capabilities

 

 

+ Not to "break the web*, HTMLS is backwards compatible with previous versions of HTML

+ Add new features that reflect how the web is now used. For example, HTMLS supports form validation

and video.

+ Specify how every browser should behave when working with HTML All HTML implementations can
be interoperable. This behavior includes defining how to handle errors.

+ Be universally accessible. Features should work across all devices, in any language, and for the

disabled,

@ Reference tis
http://go.microsoft.com/fulink/?LinkID =267713.

 

ks: You can see these aims explained in full at

“The most abvious new feature in HTMLS is the DOCTYPE declaration, which describes which version of

HTML a page uses.

=) Note:

 

1e DOCTYPE declaration was described in module 1.Progen in HTML ith eat and C555 2-3

 

HTMLS defines many other new features, including
+ New elements that improve the semantic structure of a document

+ New form contro and builtin validation.

+ Native audio and video support, so users do not have to rely on browser plug-ins

‘©The <canvas> element and the associated JavaScript API provide a freeform area in a page to draw
(on, and the JavaScript commands to do the drawing, importing, and exporting,

‘+ Support for uploading files to a web server
+ Support for dragging and dropping elements on the page.

+ Support to enable web applications to continue running when the browser is ofine.
+ Support for local data storage, over ancl above that provided by cookies.

‘There are also a number of HTMLS-associated specifications authored byW3C that are outside of the
wider WHATWG work, including:

‘+A formalization of the JavaScript object that underpins AJAX by using the XmlHttpRequest object.
‘+ Support for continuous communication between browser and web server by using wab sockets.

‘+ Suppor for using multiple threads to handle processing for a web page by using web workers.

‘+ Support for accessing a device's GPS capabilities by using the Geolocation APL

@_ Reference Links: You can find the current draft of the W3C HTMLS specification at
hitpr//go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkID=267714,

You can find a version of the specification for web developers (minus the browser interoperability
instructions) at http://g0,microsoft.comy/fwiink/?LinkiO=267715,

 

Document Structure in HTMLS

   

HTMLS includes new elements that enable you to
‘mark up your content and present a better HIMLS provises new elements to define the
structure for your documents, compared to earlier | StUsture of« web page:
versions of HTML. + <ections to dhide un
+ cheader> art <footer>

 

‘One of the mast common tasks in a page is to

 

identity different areas of the document: the ‘or poge headers and footers
navigation bar, the header, the footer, and so on, | tv fr negation init
In HTML4, you used the id attribute. For example: ate
cade for quotes
all idtnavigation's .. </ul> sd bear tert

 

 

</div>

 

 

While this approach is convenient, it does not
convey the semantic meaning of the different areas, HTMLS provides a much richer semantic structure for
documents, including:

‘+The <section> element, which identifies component pieces of content on a page. For example, the
ingredients and the method in a recipe displayed by a page could be two separate sections.

‘+The cheader> element, which identifies the content in the header of the page. For example, a
company website might include its logo, name, and motto in the <header>2-4 Creating and ying HTML Paes

+ The <footer> element, which identifies the content in the footer of the page. For example, links to
site maps, privacy statements, and terms and conditions ate often included in the <foater>

‘The <nav> element, which identifies the content providing the main navigation sections of the page.
Developers often use this element to implement a menu listing the various features of a web
application, organized as a series of web pages.

# The <article> element, which identifies standalone pieces of content that would make sense outside
of the context of the current page. For example, a blog post, a recipe, or a catalog entry.

# The <aside> clement, which identifies content related to an <article> that isn't part of its main flow.
For example, you might use <aside> to identify quotes or sidebar content.

 

‘The following markup example shows one way to mark up an HTMLS document by using the new
structural elements.

Content Structure in HTMLS

<IDOCTYFE html >
satel
read
sneta charset—"utf-8" />
etitlenmy Best Recipese/title:
</head>
<body>
“3 hret="/">Homes/a>
</nay>
‘cheader>
<nlsMy Best Recipes«/ti>
<pomy favorite recipese/p>
</neader>
carticles
<hilsBears On Toast</hi>
ssection
“chi Ingredients</hl>
ue
<1>Beans</ 11>
elivsreade/Ti>
ful
</section
esection:
“chstethod</hi>
o>
<11>Toast_ bread</11>
<lisHeat. beanse/1i>
<lisPut beans on the toast</li>
</ol>
</section
<farticle:
‘<footer
<smal>Last Updated on <tine datetime-"2012-08-1
</footer>
</body>
</ntm>

 

  

August 12, 2012«/tine></snal]>

Itis important to realize that there is no prescribed order in which to use these elements, For instance, you
could decide to include your navigation links in the header, footer, or sidebar. Similarly, you could split
‘your page up into thematic sections (such as Breakfasts, Lunches, and Dinners) and include <article>
elements within those sections. The important thing isto grasp the purpose of each new element and use
it appropriately,Progen in HTML ith eat and C555 2-5

 

 

Note: Note how there are three <h1> elements on the page, rather than just the one you
would expect. Previously, this would have been semantically incorrect, but the <section> and
<article> elements are defined in HTMLS such that you may restart the heading numbering. The
HIMLS outlining algorithm defines this and the use of <hgroup> in the next topic.

Text and Images in HTMLS.

 

HTMLS supports the header, paragraph, and
emphasis elements used in the previous version of | HTMLS defines new text elements, including:
HTML. HTMLS also defines a number of new + <hgroup>

  

 

lements to improve the semantic context of the cae

document, including setimes <tr 01208 06a

+ The <hgroup> element, which indicates that | -<mark> vhs steht nond in ne
its contents should be treated as.a single Jaa REECE
heading. This element can contain header Samat: Selena eerste
tags shi to <he>. + figure» and <igcaption>

 

Ti sicoaeotiearsog" ath rae of bears on was >
-ehgrou None ie
shibMy Recipesc/hi>
<hasGreat to eat,
-<flgroup>

 

 

 

 

 

ssy to makec/t2>

‘+The <time> element, which enables you to define an unambiguous time, duration, or period that is
both human and machine readable. The datetime attribute contains the ISO standard representation.
of the contents of an element.

<<time datetime" 2012-08-08">Todays/tine>
‘<cime datet)me-"2012-08-08T09:00:00-0500">Gam today in tlew York</time>
<tine>4he/ times

<tine-2012</tine>

 

‘©The <mark> element, which identifies that its contents should be treated as text to be marked or
highlighted for reference purposes

<peThis text should be emarkenoted for future use</maris rather than
‘<ememphasized</em> </p>

‘+The <small> element, which identifies that its contents should be treated as side comments, such as
small print or author attributions.

-<p-Heat your beans for five minutes. <snall>0r until they are hot enough for
‘you. </smal ></p>

‘+The <figure> element, which is typically used to identify an image, video, or code listing and its
associated descriptive content and other elements. If the content needs a caption, you can nest the
<figcaption> element inside the <figure> element.

figures
<)ng src~" plateofbeans. pq" 2lt-"A Plate of beans on toast” />
“figcaptiorA wonderful plate of beans in five minutes flat</Figcantiom
</figures

© Additional Reading: HTMLS also adds to the global attributes defined in HTML. You can
find a ful list at http//go.microsoft.comytulink/?LinkID=267716.2-6 Creating and ying HTML Paes

Demonstration: Using HTMLS Features in a Simple Contact Form

In this demonstration, you will see how to add some of the new HTMLS elements to flesh out the contact
form created during the demonstrations in Module 1 and add some semantic richness. You will then use
the F12 Developer Tools to view the structure of the page. You will also see how to use the F12 Developer
Tools to make a temporary change to a page in a browser for testing purposes.

Demonstration Steps

Divide the Content for a Page into an Article with Sections

1. On the Windows 8 Start screen, click the Visual Studio 2022 tie.

2. InVisual Studio, on the File menu, point to Open, and then click Project/Solution

3, In the Open Project dialog box, browse to the E:\Mod02\Democode\starter folder, click
DemoWebSite.sin and then click Open.

4, In Solution Explorer, expand the E:\...\DemoWebSite web application, and then double-click
ContactUs.htm!

5, Inthe ContactUs.html fle, enclose the entire contents of the <body> element in an <article>
‘element as shown in bold in the following code example

<IDOCTYPE HTML
<henl Tang="en">

<fheads
<body>
‘article>

<farticle>
</Dody>
<ihtm>

6, Within the <article> element, enclose the first three <p> elements containing the company name,
address, and contact email in a <Section> element, as shown in bold in the following code example:

<hisContact Contoso Conferencinge/fi>
‘<section>
“p>Contoso Conferencing Ltd. </p>
<poiz3 South Streatcbr />
Sonciherecbr />
Over Therecbr />
<em>USAc/eM> </P>
<p
<a href="nai1 to:contactécontoso.con">contactécontoso,.con</a>
</e>
</section>
x
1 you wouta T1ke to contact conteso conrerencing
</p>

7. Wrap the HTML form and <p> element immediately above it in a second <seetion> element, as
shown in bold in the following cade example:

‘section>
=
If you would 11ke to contact Contoso Conterencing
<pPregamningin MIMS with onSeipt and CSS3_2-7

 

</form
</section>
8. On the File menu, click Save All
‘Add a Header and Footer to the Page

1. Enclose the <hi> element near the top of the ContaetUs.htm! file in a <header> element, as shown
in bold in the following code example:

article
‘cheader>

‘chisContact Contoso Conterencings/hi>
</header>

<farticle.

2. Add the following <img> element shown in bold to the <header> element above the <h1>

    

element.
“cheaders
‘<img src="images/Contoso.png” alt="Company Logo" />
“chiscontact Contoso Contereneinge/hi>
<sheaders

3, Add the following HTML markup shown in bold immediately after the </arti
the document.

 

Yirsele
<footer>
<p>
“ral eas
st updat
‘time datetime="2012-08">
‘August 2012
<hime>
</small>
<p>
<ffooter>
foo
<jhtal>

4. On the File menu, click Save All
View the Structure of the Page by Using the F12 Developer Tools
1. On the Debug menu, click Start Without Debugging,

2. In Internet Explore, if the message Intranet settings are turned off by default appears, click Don't
show this message again.

3. Press F12
4. Inthe F12 window, click the HTML tab
5. Expand the <html> element.
6. Expand the <body> element.2-8 Cetin nd Sting HTML Pages

7. Expand the <article> element and verify that it contains a <header> element and two <section>
elements.

Expand the <header> element.
Expand the <h1> element.

10. Click each element, and verify that Internet Explorer surrounds each element on the page with a box
asitis selected in the F12 window.

Make a Temporary Change to the Page by Using the F12 Developer Tools
1, Inthe <h1> element, click Contact Contoso Conferencing.

2. Change this text to We'd love to hear from you..., and then press ENTER
3. Verify that Internet Explorer displays the modified text.

4, Press F12 to close the F12 window.

5. Close Internet Explorer, and then close Visual Studio 2012.Progen in HTML ith east and SSS 2.9

 

Lesson 2
Styling an HTML5 Page

‘ter you have defined the structure and set the content ofa web page, your next task s to apply some
presentation rules to itby using CSS. inthis lesson, you wil learn about the core CSS properties that you
an use to syle the text and background of a page. Youll also learn how to use the CSS box model to.
position bloc level elements on a age.

Lesson Objectives

‘After completing this lesson, you willbe able to

+ Use C55 tex styles to set the fonts used ina page and other text properties

+ Explain how to use the CSS box model to position elements on a page

+ Use-C5S to set the background forthe elements on a page

Understanding CSS Text Styles

 

However good the layout of a website, itcan be

ruled if you write poor content or present it | =CSS Fx Sling supports:
badly if contents the foundation of the web, sete marc voumncarae
then typography isthe foundation of web design, | “F0™% ——i i

and so the fst set of CSS properties that you

should learn are those that concern the ways in clos

 

Which text is displayed.

Fonts “Typography fen ie

  

‘The most obvious aspect of text content isthe
font. The discussion of when to use which type of
font for headings, body text, sidebars, and so on is
‘outside the scope of this course. Also, many
‘organizations have style guides that specify the fonts for their web pages. That said, you can use the
following CSS properties to set the selected font,

 

 

 

‘+The font-family property, which sets a comma-separated list of preferred font families for the
specified text. You should write the list in order of preference and wrap any font-family names
containing spaces in double quotes. When the text is rendered, the browser will use the frst font that
is available on the computer. If none of the specified fonts are available, the browser will use its own
algorithm to select another font. The following code shows some examples:

 

font-fasily Arial. Candaras Verdana, sans-se
font-family : Georgia, Corbe
font-family : Consolas,

 
 

+ The font-size propery, which sets the height ofthe font. You can st the font-size value to an
absolute value in pixels (for on-screen display), in points (for printing), or to a value relative to the
parent element's font-size (in percent) or relative to the base font siz ofthe page in ems) The
fallowing code shows some examples:

font-size : 16px:
font-size : 150%; /* Font-size of the parent elenent * 150% */
ont-size : len; /* len ~ base font-size of the page. Usually épx */2-10 eating and Syn HTML Pages

+ The font-style property, which enables you to select a normal (vertical, italic, or oblique version of
the font to be displayed, as shown in the following example:

font-style : italic:

+ The font-weight property, which enables you to set the weight of a font. Usually, this means setting
the property value to bold, but you can also set it to one of nine numerical values (100, 200, .., 900)
reflecting different font weights in that family (black, book, semi-bold, and so on). The following code
shows some examples:

font-weight : bold:
font-weight : normal;
Tont-weight : 800;

CSS also provides a shortcut property simply called font, which enables you to set some or all of these
‘four properties (plus line-height) in a single rule rather than having to write out all five rules for every
element, You must set the value for these properties in the following order (note that the font-family
and font-size properties are mandatory, but the other properties are optional):

1. font-style
2. font-weight

3. font-szeline-height
4. font-family

For example

{font : bold 26px/1.5 "Arial";
/* ‘The above 1s @ Shorthand for the following rules The default font-style 1s used. */
Pt

font-weight: bold;

font-size: 16px;

Vine-height > 2.Sen:

font-fanily: Arial:

3

Colors
There are two color-related properties in CSS: color and opacity

+ The color property, which enables you to set the color ofa font. You can specify the color as an RGB
(ced-green-blue) value or as one of the 147 predefined color names in the HTML and CSS
specification. The following code shows some examples

{+ The folowing color values are all equivalent. */
colar : olive:

color

color

   

+ The opacity property, which enables you to set the transparency of some text or of an image. This
property takes a value between 0.0 (fully transparent) and 1.0 (fully opaque). The following code
shows an example:
pe
opacity : 0.6:

fiter:alpha(opacity=60); /* TEB and earlier */
y

Note that Internet Explorer versions prior to Intemet Explorer 9 do not support the opacity property.
Instead, you must use the filter property and set the opacity to a value between 0 and 100,Programing in IMLS th aScipt and S322

 

‘Typographic Properties

3S defines another five text-related properties that cover typographic properties such as line height and

kerning, as well as more obvious features such as alignment and underlining, These properties are

+ Thelletter-spacing property, which enables you to increase or decrease the space between characters,
ina block of text. You can set the font-size value to an absolute value in pixels or points, or toa
relative value in percentages or in ems. The following code shows some examples:

Jetter-spacing : en:
Jetter-spacing + —3p%;

 

‘+The line-height property, which enables you to increase or decrease the space between lines of text
Jina block of text, You can set this value to an absolute value in pixels or points, or a value relative to
the current font-size by using either a percentage or a positive number. The following code shows
some examples:

Vine-height + 6x;
Vine-neight = normal; /* This 15 the derauit */

Vine-herght = 1.2:
Vine-height : 120%:

‘+ The text-align property enables you to set how the text in the selected blocks s aligned. For
example, left, right, or justity, The following code shows an example:

text-align : left:
‘+The text-decoration property, which enables you to set whether text in selected elements will be

decorated witha line, and if so, where, Possible values are none (the default), underline, overline, and
Jine-through. The following code shows an example

 

‘text-decoration : underline;

‘+The text-transform property, which enables you to set the capitalization of text in selected blocks.
Possible values are none (the default), capitalize, uppercase, and lowercase. The following code shows:
an example:

‘text-transtorm : Towercase:

note: it you are using Visual Studio to define new styles, you can use the Build Style
Wizard to generate these styles and to ensure that the syntax of your CSS code is valid. This
\wizard is avalable inthe toolbar inthe CSS editor.212 _Crenng and Sing HTML Paes

The CSS Box Model

 

‘To determine the layout of an HTML page,
browsers treat each element in the page as aset of | ~The CSS box model trots each element a a
four nested boxes, The CSS box model enables you |  colection of four concentric boxes

‘to specify the size of each box, and so modify the
layout of each element on the page.

 

 

 

 

‘The box model places content inside four boxes:
Content, Padding, Border, and Margin

*CSS defines properties that
“Cont! how a bows ai out on a page
[Ate the night one with, a the sje of the borer

 

 

 

Padding
Content

 

 

 

 

FIGURE 2.1:THE CSS BOX MODEL

Inthe center box is the content, your text and images. Use the height and width properties to set the
height and width of the content box in pixels.

‘Around the content box is the padding box. Use the padding property to set the width of the padding
box.

Around the padding box is the border box, wihich can also act as a visible line around the content and
padding, Use the border property to set its width, color, and style.

‘Around the border boxis the margin box. Use the margin property to set the width of the margin box.

‘The following code example shows how to use the CSS box model to draw a border around some padded
heading text and to set a margin around the border so that it does not interfere with other elements on
the page.

Using the box model properties

he.mmightioht {
height :
width
padsing
border : 2px dotted blue;
margin : 25px 0 25px 0; /* Could also be written 25px 0 */
3

  

Margin and padding are both shorthand properties. CSS actually defines individual properties for the
top, right, bottom, and left of each box, butif they are the same you can just use padding or margin. In
the previous code example, padding is set to 10px. You could write this out in full as:Pouring in IMLS th Jack and 532.93

 

padding-top: 0px:
Padding-right : 1opx:
padding-bottom : 109%;
padding-left : 10px:

 

Reader Aid: You can easily recall the order of the sides by thinking of the word TRouLe:
Top, Right, Bottom, and Left

Border is also a shorthand property for the width, style, and color of the border box. In the previous
example, border is set to 2px dotted blue. You could write this out in full as:
border-width: 2px;

border-style: dotted;
border-color: blue

 

Using the border-width, border-style, and border-color properties assumes that you want the set
values to be the same around all four sides of the box. If this is not the case or you only want to set them
{or ane side of the border, you can use the border-left-style, border-left-width, border-left-color,
border-right-style, border-right-width and so on properties. For example:

 

p.exanple {
padding: 10px:
border-bottom: solid ipx black
border-left-style: dotted;
borger-left-aidth: 2px;

z

 

‘The border-top, border-right, border-bottom, and border-left properties are also shorthand,
properties like border, but for the width, style, and color of the respective sides of the border box

 

Note: Note that the F12 Developer Tools offer you a graphic illustrating the dimensions of
teach box in a page. To see the illustration, with a page loaded in Internet Explorer, select the
HTML tab, and then in the right pane click Layout.

Beyond the core box model properties, CSS defines several more properties to control how content is
viewed in the flow of the elements on the page. Specifically:

‘+The visibility property enables you to blank out the selected elements, but leave the space that they
would take up on the page empty.

+ The display property enables you to set how to display selected elements on the page. This includes
hiding the selected elements, or completely removing them from the page,

‘+The position property enables you to set positioning method for the selected elements are
positioned. The four possible values are static (the default), fixed, absolute, and relative,

‘+The float property enables you to take the selected elements out of the flow of content and ‘float
them to the left or right of their containing elements,

‘+The overflow property enables you to set what happens when the content of an element is too big
for the box that contains it,

+The box-sizing property enables you to set how the width and height properties apply to an
element's box model. If set to content-box (the default), they work as described above. If set to
border-box, the width and height apply to the total af content, padding, border and margin taken
together,2-14 Coating ad ing HTML Pages

 

Styling Backgrounds in CSS

Many websites use a background image, color, or
pattern to provide more color and character to the:
ppages. CSS enables you to set a background for
any block-level element by using the following
elements.

+ The background-image property, which
‘enables you to specify the URL af an image to
Use as a background for the selected

 

Set the background for an element by using the
5S background properties:

ackground-image | wit

sbackgroune-tize aint ee pele
Tpndroundesior eam then
+ ackgrounc-position|

sbackground-origin

ackground:-repeat

    

elements. You may use a relative or an SEaekgranaoueesiit

absolute URL, Note that if you provide a
relative URL, you must specify the path
relative to the location of the style sheet or
web page that defines the style

 

 

 

background-inage:uri ("../inages/pattemn. 309");

 

+ The background-size property, which enables you to set the height and width of the background
image. Use values specified in pixels or as percentages of the height and width of the specified
element.

background-size: 40px 60ex; J* 40px wide, Gopx high =/
+ The background-color property, which enables you to set the color of an element's background. You
‘can specify the color as an RGB (red-green: blue) value or as one of the 147 predefined color names
in the HTML and CSS specification.
backgroune-color

background-color :
background-color :

‘oneens
00FFO0;
rgb(O, 295, 0);

 

+ The background-position property, which enables you to set the position of the background image
in the element, The property takes two values: the frst for the x-axis and the second for the y-axis. Set
‘them both as absolute values (top, left, bottom, right, center), percentages, or pixels.

 

ackgroung-position : left top; /* Tnage locked into top Tert corner of elenent */
background-position : 100% 100%; "/* Image Tocked into bottom rigitt comer of element
y

background-positien : Spx Spx; /* Image starts 8px from Teft and fpx fron top of
elenent */

+ The background-origin property, which enables you to set which of the bax model boxes the
background-positian should be relative to. Possible values are content-box (the default), padding-
box, and border-box

background-origin : border-box;

+ The background-repeat property, which enables you to set how a background image is repeated
behind the selected element ifitis smaller than the selected element. Possible values are repeat (the
default), repeat-x, repeat-y and no-repeat.

background-repeat : repeat-x; /* Repeat background image only horizontally */
ackgrounc-repeat : no-repeat; /* Don't repeat the mage */Programing in IMLS th laScipt and S325

 

‘+The background-attachment property, which enables you to set whether a background image
scrolls up and down with a page or remains fixed in place. Possible values are serall (the default) and
fixed,

bbackground-position : fixed:
CSS also provides the background shortcut property, which enables you to set some or all of the

elements just described. You must set the values for these properties in the following order (only the
bbackground-image property is mandatory, the others are optional):

1. background-color.
2. background-position
3. background:size.
4

background: repeat.

background-origin
6. background-clp.

7. background-attachment.
8. background-image
For example:

article { background : transparent repeat-x url (*flutfycat.ip9"); 3

7 The above 18 a shorthand for the tallownng rules «/

article {
background-color
background-repeat.
background image

y

transparent
repeat)
uri Cfluttycat. 09"):

 

   

Demonstration: Adding CSS Styles to an HTML Page

In this demonstration, you will se how to create new styles for the contact form created during the
previous demonstrations. You will then view the page in Internet Explorer and use the F12 Developer
Tools to inspect the styles of elements and to modify them to see how they are rendered by the browser.

Demonstration Steps
Create New Styles by Using Visual Studio

1._On the Windows 8 Start screen, click the Visual Studio 2012 tile

2. In Visual Studio, on the File menu, point to Open, and then click Projeet/Solution

3._ In the Open Project dislog box, browse to the E\Mod02\Democode\starter folder, click
DemoWebSite.sin, and then click Open.

 

4. In Solution Explorer, expand the
folder

 

\DemeWebSite web application, and then expand the styles

5. Double-click ContactUsStyles.css
6. Review the existing rules for the bedy and hl elements.

7. Modify the body rule, remove the color rule, and change the font used on the whole page as shown
in bold in the fallowing code example.2-16 eating and Syn HTML Pages

 
  

 

‘Segoe UI", Helvetica, Arial, sans-

8, Remove the following rule from the stylesheet:

mt
font-family: "copperplate cothic';
color: red:

z

9, Add the following rules that make the header appear separately from the rest of the content,

header £
padding-bottom: 10px;
border-bottom: 2px dotted blue:
margin-bottom: 0px;

3

reader ma ¢
margin-left: 20px;
display: intine-biocks

d

10. Add the following empty rule:

section £
7

11. Click after the opening curly brace for the section rule, and in the toolbar click the Build Style
button,

 

Note: Ifthe toolbar is not visible, right-click in the body of the section rule and then click Build

Style.

12. In the Modify Style dialog box, in the Category lst, lick Box
13. Clear the padding: Same for all check box, and in the bottom box, type 5,
14. In the Category lis, click Border.
15. Under border-style, clear the Same for all check box, and in the bottom list box, click dotted.
16. Under border-width, clear the Same for all check box, and in the bottom box, type 1
17. Under border-color, clear the Same for all check box, and in the bottom box, type grey.
18. Click OK.
19. Verify that the section rule now looks like ths:
section ¢

padding-bottom: Spx:

border-botton-style: dotted:

border-botton-width: px;

border-botton-color: grey:
3

 

20. Add the following rules to style the form and its elements

Feldset ¢Proyramning in IMLS th ait andSS3 2.97

background-color: pink:
5 ee se
Jegend ¢
font-size: 1.2em;
as
Fieldset 14 {
Tist-style: none;
en ee
‘input [type-" submit") ¢
background-color: pink:
opacity: 0.6;
width: 205%:
a

21, On the File menu, click Save Al
Use the F12 Developer Tools to Inspect Styles

1. In Solution Explorer, double-click ContactUs. hemi.

2. On the Debug menu, click Start Without Debugging

3. In Internet Explorer, if the message Intranet settings are turned off by default appears, click Don’t
show this message again.

4. Verify that the new styles have been applied to the page.
The ContactUs page should look like this

 

 

joao tcp or Cane wt ye Hee og arcsec
{en oan Sot eas oat eny te aaa ope)

FIGURE 2.2:THE CONTACTUS PAGE WITH STYLING
5. In Internet Explorer, press F12.2-18 Costa ad syn HTML Pages

 

6 Inthe F12 window, with the HTML tab selected, double-click the <html> element to expand it
7. Click the <body> element.
& Inthe right pane, verify that the following the CSS rule appears:

font-family: “Segoe UI", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;

9, Inthis rule, select the text "Segoe UI".
10. Change the value to read "Times New Roman’ and press ENTER.
11. Verify that Internet Explorer reflects this change to the font on the page.

12. In the left pane, expand the <body> element, expand the <article> element, and then click the first
<section> element.

13, In the right pane, verify that the following styles are specified for this section:
‘mher ited - body

cy
font-family: “Times New Roman", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;
section
‘padding-bottom: 5p

 

14, Press F12 to close the F12 window.
15. Close internet Explorer, and then close Visual Studio 2012.

Demonstration: Creating and Styling an HTMLS Page

In this demonstration, you will learn about the tasks that you will perform in the lab for this modulePrograming in IMLS th aScipt and SS 2.19

Lab: Creating and Styling HTMLS5 Pages

Scenario

You are a web developer working for an organization that builds websites to support conferences. You
have been asked to create a website for ContosoConf, a conference that showcases the latest tools and
techniques for building HTMLS web applications,

You decide to start by building a prototype website consisting of a Home page that acts as a landing
page for conference attendees, and an About page that describes the purpose of the conference. In later
labs you will enhance these pages and add further pages that enable attendees to register for the
conference, and that provide information about the sessions scheduled to run as part of the conference.
Objectives

After completing this lab, you will be able to:

+ Create HTMLS pages

+ Style HTMLS elements.

‘+ Estimated Time: 45 minutes

‘+ Virtual Machines: 204808-SEA-DEVI1, MSL-TMGL

+ User Name: Student

+ Passworc: PasswOrd

Exercise 1: Creating HTMLS Pages
Scenario:
In this exercise, you wll begin to create the ContosoConf website.

First you will create a new ASP.NET Web Application. Then you will add two HTML files for the Home and
‘About pages. Next, you will add navigation links to the pages. Finally you will run the web application and
verify that the Home page and About page are formatted correctly,

The main tasks for this exercise ae as follows:
1. Create a new ASP.NET web application

2. Add the Home page

3. Add images to the Home Page.

4, Add the About page.

5. Add navigation links.

6. Run the web application

> Task 1: Create a new ASP.NET web application

1 Start the MSL-TMGI virtual machine i itis not already running

2. Start the 20480B-SEA-DEV11 virtual machine if tis not already running, and log on as Student with
the password PaS$wOrd.

3. Start Visual Studio,

4. Create a new web application named ContosoConf in the E:\Mod02\Labfiles\Starter\Exercise 1
folder, Use the Visual C# ASP.NET Empty Web Application template to create this web application,2-20 _Gresng and Sing HTML Paes

> Task 2: Add the Home page

1. Add a new HTML page named index.htm to the ContosoConf projact. This page is the default page
for the website, and willbe displayed when a user browses to the URL for the website.

2. Using Notepad, open the index.txt file located in the E:\Mod02\Labfiles\Starter\Exercise
1\Resources folder.

‘+ Examine this file, and then add HTMLS elements to the indexhtm file in the web application that can
display the items specified in the index. file.

+ Use HTMLS elements, such as <header>, <section>, and <footer> where appropriate.
For example, the following <header> element contains the content from the index.be file:

sneader>
‘fils ContosoConf</hi>
‘<peA tHO-track Conference on the latest HIMLS devel opaents</p>
</neader>

‘The following image shows how the unstyled page should look, and how the content should be divided
into the elements on the page.

Cmte

tna es tay scton

‘Featuring thee excelent speakers

 

| ian
Thanks tour poner |

owe
FIGURE 2.3:THE LAYOUT OF THE HOME PAGE.

} Task 3: Add images to the Home Page

1. Add the speaker and sponsor images to the ContosoConf project. These images are located in the
E\Mod02\Labfiles\Starter\Exercise 1\Resources folder. They should be added to a new folder called
images in the project,

2. Update the HTML markup in the index.htm file to include the images from the speakers and
‘sponsors folders in the images folder. For example:

<ing src=" /images/speakers/melissa-kerr. jpg" alt=""elissa Kerr"/>
etissa Kerr

 

‘The following image shows how the page should appearPrograming in IMLS th awit andSS3 2-21

 

2) Bernat D=86|@temee 26
ConteseCont a

ached sie

FRESE gy orem coremnretenge meta en apes ea

Fema thee act peer,

FIGURE 2.4:THE HOME PAGE WITH IMAGES

1B) Note: in an <img> element you can use the Pick URL wizard to specify the are attribute for an
image.

> Task 4: Add the About page

1. Add a new HTML page, named about.htm to the ContosoCont project.
0 Use the Add New Item command on the Project menu.
© Select the HTML Page template.

2. Add HTML elements to about.htm, using the text provided in the about.txt file located in the
E\Mod02\Labfiles\Starter\Exercise 1\Resources folder

+ Add an appropriate title to the page.
+ Copy the cheader> and <footer> elements from index.htm,

+ Userthe <article>, <blockquote>, and-ol> elements where appropriate,
‘The following image shows how the unstyled page should look2-22_Crenng and Sing HTML Paes

ContosoCont
ContooCon bring: web designers

 

| evelper together

  

 

What ell About?

 

FIGURE 2.1:THE LAYOUT OF THE HOME PAGE.

> Task 5: Add navigation links
1, Add a navigation element to index.htm and about.htm. The navigation element should contain links
to both pages.

For example, the <nav> element for the index htm page should look lke this:
“<2 hrefa"/index.hitn">Home</3>
<a href="/about-htn*>About</a>
</nav>
Task 6: Run the web application
Run the web application by using Internet Explorer.
Verity that the correct text and images are displayed.

wey

Verify that the navigation links reference the correct pages.

Results: After completing this exercise, you will have built a simple HTMLS web application with a Home
‘page and an About page.

Exercise 2: Styling HTML pages
Scenario
In this exercise, you will add styling to the Home and About pages.

You will create a stylesheet in the ContosoConf project. Then you wil add CSS rules to style the Home and
‘About pages to match a specified design Finally, you will un the web application and verify that the
pages are styled correctly

‘The main tasks for this exercise are as follows
1. Create a new style sheet.Programing in MLS th Sct and 532.23

 

2. Add CSS nules to style the pages
3. Run the web application.
D Task 1: Create a new style sheet
1. Add a folder named styles to the ContosoCont project
2. Adda stylesheet named site.css to the styles folder.
© Use the Add New Item command on the Project menu:
Select the Style Sheet tempiate
3. Adda link tothe site.ess style sheet from the index.htm and about.htm HTMLS pages
© Usea <link> element inside the page header, set the href property to “styles/site.css”, set the
rel property to “stylesheet”, and set the type property to “text/ess"
D> Task 2: Add CSS rules to style the pages

‘Add a CSS rule to the site.css style sheet to style the <html> element of the Home and About pages
(the same styling rules should apply to both pages):

© Set background-color property for the web page to HEAEEFA, cet the list of fonts in the font
family to Calibri, Arial, sans-serif, and set the font size 62.5%

2. Add a CSS rule to style the <bedy> element of a web page:
2 Set the margin property to 0, and the font-size property to 1.8rem.
3. Add a CSS rule to style the <nav> element of a web page:

© Set the background-color property to #1d1d1d, set the line-height property to 6rem, and set
the font-size property to 1.7rem.

© Additionally, add a style for al links (<a> elements) that occur inside a <nav> element; set the
color property to #fff and the padding property to Lrem,

©) Note: Use the expression nav a to specify an <a> element inside a <nav> element in a CSS
selector,

4, Add a CSS rule to style the <hi> element of a web page:

©. Set the font-size property to 4rem, set the letter-spacing property to -1px, and set the margin
property to tem 0 0,25em 0,

5. Modify the HTMIL markup for the Home and About pages and wrap the <a> elements in the <nav>
section in <div elass="container"> element, lke this:

‘<div class—"container*>
“@ href" /index. htm Home</a>
<a nrer="/adOUt. Mt" >About </a>

</div>

  

6. Add rule to the sitecss style sheet to achieve the horizontally centered, fixed-width column effect for
all sections marked with the container class.

© Set the padding property to O.Lrem, the max-width property to 94rem, and the margin,
property to 0 auto,2-24 eating and Sy HTML Pages

3} Note: Use the expression .cantainer as the selector for the CSS rule

The styled Home page should look similar to this:

ContosoConf

 

 

  

FIGURE 2.2:THE STYLED HOME PAGE

 

Note: Use the Internet Explorer F12 developer tools to experiment with the CSS rules until you
achieve the correct styling,

> Task 3: Run the web application
1. Run the web application and verify that the About page and Home page are both styled
appropriately.

‘The About page should look like ths in Internet ExplorerPrograming n IMLS th awScigtandSS3 2.25

 

ContosoConf

;s web designers and developers together

‘Whee All About?

 

FIGURE 2.3:THE STYLED ABOUT PAGE

 

Results; Aiter completing this exercise, you will have used CSS rules to style the Home and About pages.2-26 Costa adn HTML Paps

Module Review and Takeaways

In this module, you have learned how to use the new features of HTMLS to organize the content for a
‘web page. You have seen how to use the new tags available in HTML to specify the semantics ofthe text,
‘elements in a web page.

‘You have also learned more about using CSS to style text and background elements ina web page. You
teamed about the CSS box model, and how to apply styling to elements based on their margin, border,
padding, and content.
Review Question(s)

‘Question: What are the new elements that HTMLS provides for specifying the semantic

meaning of content in a web page?

Test Your Knowledge
Question
‘Which of the following items is NOT a property of the CSS box model?

 

 

 

Select the correct answer.

 

Margin

 

Content

 

Border

 

Style
Padding34

 

Module 3

Introduction to JavaScript

Contents:

‘Module Overview Ba
Lesson 1: Overview of JavaScript 32
‘Lesson 2: Introduction to the Document Object Model 313
Lesson 3: Introduction to jQuery 319
Lab: Displaying Data and Handling Events by Using JavaScript 327
‘Module Review and Takeaways 334

Module Overview

HTML and CSS provide the structural, semantic, and presentation information for a web page. However,
these technologies do not describe how the user interacts with a page by using a browser. To implement
this functionality, all modern browsers include a JavaScript engine to support the use of scripts in a page.
They also implement the Document Object Model (DOM), a W3C standard that defines how a browser
should reflect a page in memory to enable scripting engines to access and alter the contents of that page.

This module introduces JavaScript programming and the DOM It also briefly describes jQuery, a powerful
‘open source JavaScript library that makes web programming in JavaScript easier.

Objectives

‘After completing this module, you will be able to:

4+ Describe basic JavaScript syntax

‘+ Write JavaScript code that uses the DOM to ater and retrieve info from a web page.
‘+ Use jQuery to simplify many common JavaScript programming tasks3:2 _Inodvtontoaasorpt

Lesson 1
Overview of JavaScript

Tare rea pera anages in conmion se, but avdSenp isby far the wast eran
programming language wed for adding functonaity to web pages. n this lesson, you wlleam about the
Stax of JavaScript to enable you to start writing code for your own web pages and to understand how
JavaScript code writen by other developers works

Lesson Objectives

‘ier completing ths lesson, you will beable to

+ plan the purpose of JavaScript.

Describe bask iyi of stateients ad coments Navasero,

+ Declare variables and write expressions by using JavaScript operators.

Create and call Javascript functions.

+ Use conditional statements to contra execution flow,

+ Usetoop statements to implement repeated operations.

© Use JavaScript objects in your code.

+ Use JavaScript Object Notation (SON) syntax to define an aray of objets.

What is JavaScript?

 

JavaScript originated as a programming language
in the 1990s and has steadily evolved. The “JavaScript isa programming language that
standard upon which itis based, ECMA-262, is supports

frequently updated and augmented,
‘Consequently, the JavaScript engines used in
moder browsers are now exponentially faster and

more functional than their predecessors. +UseJnaSerpt withthe Document Object Model
and Browser Object Model to make eb pages

dynamic

+Use the AUAK API to make asynchronous requests

toa web cover

Atits heart, JavaScript is a scripting engine with
the same basic features as any other programming
language. It provides:

 

 

= vari

 

sles for storing information.

 

+ Operators for performing calculations and comparisons.
‘© Funetions for grouping statements into reusable chunks,

‘+ Conditional statements and loop constructs to control program flow
‘+ The ability o create objects with properties, methods, and events

By itself, JavaScript cannot do much more than perform calculations and manipulate text, but in
‘combination with the DOM that all browsers implement you can do far more, For example, you can use
JavaScript code to:

‘+ Add or remove items to a list displayed on a page.
‘+ Add, change, or remove text on a page.
‘+ Change the CSS styles applied to a set of elements on the page.Progen in HTML ith eat and C555 3-3

 

‘© React to events, such as a mouse clicking a button,
‘+ Validate the contents of a form before they are sent to the web server.

‘+ Obtain information about the browser displaying the web page, such as the manufacturer and
version, and even environmental information such as the current window size and local time.

‘© Display an alert in the user's browser.
Additionally, the combination of JavaScript and the XMLHttpRequest API (commonly referred to as
AJAX! enables a web page to make asynchronous requests back to the web server. The JavaScript code for

{page can use this feature to query a server for more information, without requiring that the entire page
bbe reloaded in the browser.

 

Note: JavaScript is not Java. It was originally named Mocha and then LiveScript before its
creator, Brendan Eich, became a Sun employee and Sun decided to rename it JavaScript. The
standards name for the language is ECMA-262 because Sun would not license the JavaScript
name to the standards body. Microsoft's implementation of ECMA-262 is called JScript.

JavaScript Syntax

 

JavaScript has a simple syntax for writing

statements, declaring variables, and adding
comments, Any code you write must adhere to
this syntax

Statements
AA statement isa single line of JavaScript It
represents an operation to be executed. For
‘example, the declaration of a variable, the
assignment of a value, or the call to a function,
The following code fragments show some
examples:

var thisvariable

counter = counter + 1;
Goporhi sThing);

 

 

+A JavaScript statement represents a line of code to
be run
“Terminate statements with a semicolon
arta
Gobethsthingd
‘camer wean in
‘ovine

ya)

  

+ Use comments to add notes to your scripts
acu itn amiga ely a mesos

 

 

All statements in JavaScript should be written on a single line and be terminated with a semicolon. The
‘exception to this rule is that you can split a large string over several ines (for readability) by using @

backslash. For example:

docunent.write(*An incredibly really \.
very Tong greeting to the world");

 

Note: The semicolon terminator is actually optional. However, if you do not terminate
statements with a semicolon, JavaScript attempts to discern where they should have been placed,
sometimes with unintended results.

‘You can combine statements into blacks, delimited by opening and closing curly braces, { and ), This
syntax is used by many commen programming constructs such as functions if, switeh, while, and for
statements, which are discussed later in this lesson,3:4 _Invodutontoaasorpt

‘Comments

‘Comments enable you to add descriptive notes and documentation to your JavaScript code, The
JavaScript interpreter does not treat comments as part ofthe code and does not attempt to understand
their contents. JavaScript supports two different styles of comment: multi-line comments that begin with
/* and end with */, and singe-tine comments that begin with // and finish atthe end ofthe line

 

‘Comments should describe the purpose or the reasoning of your code in plain English, to enable you or
~another developer to quickly understand it,

‘Statements and comments

<script type-"text/javascript">
docunent. write("I'n learning Javascript"
7 You can use a multi-line connent
to add mare information */
alert¢"T'n learning JavaScript too
</script>

 

+ // display @ message to the user

 

Variables, Data Types, and Operators

 

 

Variables + Use var to declare variables
Variables are used to store data, There are three Terral aiing
ways to dectare 2 variable: “JavaScript has three simple types
1. Give it aname and a value. ‘Sing, Number, nd Botean
Variables an alzo be urdefng a all
greeting = *HalTo"; va rota: / nals the yal urine

armed eta taeae tnarues
2. Declare without giving ita valve by using | “SaSept supports many operators
the var keyword. Until a variable is given a ae preek ogeton bok
value, JavaScript will tum its value as
undefined,

 

 

 

var mystery:
3. Combine the above two approaches (this is the recommended style).

var code = "Spang";

‘There are two important ules for naming variables in JavaScript:
1, Variable names must begin with a letter or the underscore character.
2. Variable names are case sensitive,

Bearing this in mind, try to avoid giving variables similar names that are differentiated only by letter
‘casing, such as valueOfMilk and ValueOFMilk. Use descriptive names that will make your code easier to
Understand and to debug, For example, selectedTime, preferredTrack currentSession,

Data Types
Unlike C#, Visual Basic, and other common programming languages, you cannot specify the type of a

variable in JavaScript. You declare it with the var keyword, and then JavaScript attempts to discern its type
for you. JavaScript recognizes three simple types:roe in HTML with eat and SSS 3-5

 

1 String: Any set of characters (alphanumeric and punctuation) enclosed in double quotes. To include
special characters such as", ;, \ and & in your string, escape them with a backslash. Also use a
backslash to split a string aver two or more lines.

 

var simple ~ "Green Egos and Han";
var escaped = "\"Green Eggs \é& Han \'
var verylong = "cracked, fried, overripe ovords and \

Porcine strips cooked’ medium well and allowed to cool

    

 

 

2. Number: Any integer or decimal number. Do not wrap a number between double quotes when you
declare 2 numeric variable or it willbe treated as a string

var answer = 42)
var actuallyastring = "42"; // not treated as 2 number

3. Boolean: A Boolean value: true or false.

var canvouReagthis = true:

JavaScript also converts data between types, which can lead to confusion if you are not careful. For
‘example, the numeric value 0 evaluates to false in Boolean expressions, so itis important to use the
correct operator when comparing the values of variables.

3D Notes Remember that if you declare a variable but do not give it a vale, the variable is
undefined. You canals decioe a variable and sett to null ike this

var variableWithNulvalue = nul;

Setting 2 variable to null indicates that a value does not exis, rather than that a variable has not
been given a value tis important to understand the difference.

You can determine the current type of data in a variable by using the typeof operator:
var data - 99;
if (typeof data —- “nunber") (

U) cata 15 rumeric
?

Operators

Aan operator's a keyword or a symbol indicating how to combine one or more values into an expression.
For example, the addition operator + indicates that two numbers should be added together. There are six
{groups of operators in JavaScript:

4. Arithmetic operators indicate a mathematical function to be performed on values/variables:
+ (addition)
(subtraction)

» (enultipli

 

1 (division)
96 (modulus)

+++ (increment)
~- (decrement)

5. Assignment operators assign values to JavaScript variables3:6 Inodutontoaasorpt

 

 

xezyQ=eey)
y@=x-y)
yo=xty)
1)
(=x %y)

   

xisy

  

 

6 Comparison operators determine if two values/variables are or are not equal, The first set of
‘comparison operators converts the two values/variables to the same type before comparison,

 

is equal to)
I= (isnot equal to)
> (is greater than)
< (sess than)

= (is greater than or equal to)

 

= (is less than or equal to)

‘The second set of two comparison operators does not convert the two values/variables to the same type:
before comparison.

is equal in value and in type)

  

= (is not equal in value or in type)
7. Boolean operators are used to perform Boolean operations.
x &&y returns true if x and y are both true, false otherwise,

x lly returns true if either x or y or both are true, false otherwise.
Ix retums true if xs false, false otherwise.

8, The ternary conditional operator:

2 assigns one of two values to a variable based on a condition. For example, the expression x =
(condition)?valuel:valve2; sets x to valuel if condition is true, value2 otherwise

9. The string operator:
+ concatenates two strings. For example, "Bo" + "om" returns “Boom

‘There are a number of issues to be aware of with respect to JavaScript operators and how they convert
vvalues\variables between types as the JavaScript interpreter executes expressions.

‘+ you add a number and a string, the result will be a string!

// * 15 set to the nunber 20;

Wy 18 set to the string "1010"
z"Ten'e10: //'x is set to the string ‘Teno

   

 

‘+ 0," (the empty string), undefined, and null all evaluate to false in Boolean operations. Always use
when comparing to any of these values.

 

var zero = 9;
var enptyString =
var falseVar = false:
zero — falsevar: // returns true;
Zero ——= falsevar; // returns false;Uf returns true:
If returns fas

cemptyString == False:
emptystring — False;

 

Functions

‘A function is a named sequence of statements that
perform a specific task. Functions are useful for
defining reusable blocks of code. After it has been
defined, a function can be called from elsewhere
in the script and the sequence of statements that
constitute the function will run before execution
returns to the next statement after the one that
called the function.

Function definitions in JavaScript all have the same
syntax

function aNiane( argunentl, argunent2, _,
argument) ¢

Statenent2;

statenent2;

 

 

statement;

y

‘There are four parts to a function declaration:

 

rogeenin in HTML ith eat and C555 3-7

 

 

Functions ore named blocks of reusable code

Argues ace only accessible inside the uncon
‘Afncion an eur 38

function can to dcae local wares

‘Global erable: defined avtde ca function sre
‘psiselatoalfonetone in tite elerenced by page

 

 

‘+The function keyword indicates this is the start of a function definition.

‘+The function name. You use this name to run the function. tis case-sensitive,

+ comma-separated list of values, called arguments, which you can pass to the function. This list is
enclosed in parentheses. Ifthe function has no arguments, it should still have the pair of parentheses

after its name,

+ Asset of JavaScript statements enclosed in a pair of curly braces. These statements run when the:

function is invoked,

‘A function uses the arguments like variables; it can read thelt values and modify them, but they only exist

inside the function.

) Note: Function arguments are optional. f you don't speci

 

any arguments, you can stil

pass parameters into a function. The arguments are available in an array called arguments. You
can access the first argument by using the expression arguments[0], the second argument by
using the expression arguments[2], and so on. This mechanism gives you a way to define
‘methods that can take a variable number of parameters. You can find out how many parameters
\Were passed in by querying the value of arguments.tength,

‘A function that calculates a result can use the return statement to pass this result back to the statement
that called the function, What happens when the value is returned depends on how the function was
called.

For example, if you wanted to calculate the total hotel bill for a guest, you might write the following
function and calli ike so.3:8 _Invodusionto ansorpt

 

 

Creating and calling a function

function Calculatesi11 (nusberofwightsstay, mightlyRate, extras) {
return (nunberofNightsStay * migntiyRate) + extras:
2

// elseibere in the script
Var ToralAmountowed - Calculateai11(29, 100, 50);

 

&) Note: Not all functions have a name. You can even declare anonymous functions. You
typically use anonymous functions when writing code to handle events or implement callbacks. In
‘these cates, the function is invoked by the browser (or whatever environment your code happens
to be running in) rather than by your code, and itis referenced by a variable rather than its name,
For an example, see the topic "Handling Events in the DOM" in the next lesson.

‘You can declare a local variable within a function. Only the statements within that function can use it It
will disappear and be removed from memory when the function has finished,

You can also declare global variables. A global variable isa variable declared in your JavaScript code
outside of a function. Any function on a web page that references your JavaScript code can use the global

variable. A global variable remains in memory until the page is closed.

Conditional Statements

Conditional statements enable you to make
decisions in your JavaScript code and execute
different statements depending on whether 2
Boolean condition is true or false. There are two
‘common types of conditional statements:

1. Anif statement runs a block of code if
condition is true. For syntactic reasons, you
‘must enclose the condition in round brackets,
For example:

if (TotalAmountoned > AdvancePaid) {
GeneratelewInverceQ: // runs 1F

condition is true

7

 

 

 

+ JavaScript provides two conditional constructs

  

Sieh pei

1

 

 

Note: A block of code in JavaScript stars with an opening curly brace, (and terminates

with a closing curly brace, ). The statements inside these braces are executed if the expression
specified by the if statement evaluates to true. JavaScript uses this same block structure to delimit
other syntactic structures, such as the else clause of an if statement, or the code for looping

statement (described later in ths lessor

‘An if statement can have an optional else clause that runs a block of code if the Boolean condition is

false.

}f Clotalamountoned > AdvancePaid)

Generatetiewinvoiced): // runs if condition is true

pelse {
twishauestaPleasantoumey ();

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2.76l-1.324.006c-.302 0-.634-.02-.951.083-.328.106-.616.3-.842.561-.418.483-.595 1.15-.558 1.79.038.661.249 1.354.717 1.834.425.435 1.101.643 1.693.643.928 0 1.612-.331 2.102-.797L5.317 6.82h2.288l1.05 1.39Z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg><span style="position:absolute;border:0;width:1px;height:1px;padding:0;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;clip:rect(0, 0, 0, 0);white-space:nowrap;word-wrap:normal"></span></span> <!-- -->From Everand</div><div class="title" data-e2e="doc-info-title">Grit: The Power of Passion and Perseverance</div><div class="_38nure" data-e2e="doc-info-author"><a class="Hv6j2r" href="https://www.everand.com/author/683814892/Angela-Duckworth" target="_blank">Angela Duckworth</a></div><div class="_16H48L"><div class="wrapper__static_stars _3FghFh"><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star 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8.588c0-3.164 3.145-3.38 3.145-3.38l-.697-.803c-.944-1.104-.91-2.488-.287-3.343C3.725.288 4.485 0 5.634 0 7.991 0 8.44 2.17 8.44 2.17h-1.91s-.062-1.11-1.106-1.11c-.99 0-1.275.694-1.193 1.294.034.252.143.487.275.648 0 0 1.985 2.401 2.295 2.76l-1.324.006c-.302 0-.634-.02-.951.083-.328.106-.616.3-.842.561-.418.483-.595 1.15-.558 1.79.038.661.249 1.354.717 1.834.425.435 1.101.643 1.693.643.928 0 1.612-.331 2.102-.797L5.317 6.82h2.288l1.05 1.39Z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg><span style="position:absolute;border:0;width:1px;height:1px;padding:0;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;clip:rect(0, 0, 0, 0);white-space:nowrap;word-wrap:normal"></span></span> <!-- -->From Everand</div><div class="title" data-e2e="doc-info-title">Shoe Dog: A Memoir by the Creator of Nike</div><div class="_38nure" data-e2e="doc-info-author"><a class="Hv6j2r" href="https://www.everand.com/author/683814899/Phil-Knight" target="_blank">Phil Knight</a></div><div class="_16H48L"><div class="wrapper__static_stars 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1.693.643.928 0 1.612-.331 2.102-.797L5.317 6.82h2.288l1.05 1.39Z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg><span style="position:absolute;border:0;width:1px;height:1px;padding:0;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;clip:rect(0, 0, 0, 0);white-space:nowrap;word-wrap:normal"></span></span> <!-- -->From Everand</div><div class="title" data-e2e="doc-info-title">The Perks of Being a Wallflower</div><div class="_38nure" data-e2e="doc-info-author"><a class="Hv6j2r" href="https://www.everand.com/author/683815248/Stephen-Chbosky" target="_blank">Stephen Chbosky</a></div><div class="_16H48L"><div class="wrapper__static_stars _3FghFh"><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_halffill light_lit"></span><span class="visually_hidden">Rating: 4.5 out 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class="crossLinkHeading"><span class="Icon-module_wrapper_LUeQrI"><svg width="12" height="12" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" role="img" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><path d="M8.654 8.21c.13-.441.159-.81.159-1.085 0-1.144-.67-1.899-.67-1.899h1.594c.182.382.32.97.32 1.783 0 .335-.1 1.206-.641 2.193l1.984 2.603H9.108l-.84-1.104C7.442 11.445 6.26 12 4.577 12 2.454 12 1 10.545 1 8.588c0-3.164 3.145-3.38 3.145-3.38l-.697-.803c-.944-1.104-.91-2.488-.287-3.343C3.725.288 4.485 0 5.634 0 7.991 0 8.44 2.17 8.44 2.17h-1.91s-.062-1.11-1.106-1.11c-.99 0-1.275.694-1.193 1.294.034.252.143.487.275.648 0 0 1.985 2.401 2.295 2.76l-1.324.006c-.302 0-.634-.02-.951.083-.328.106-.616.3-.842.561-.418.483-.595 1.15-.558 1.79.038.661.249 1.354.717 1.834.425.435 1.101.643 1.693.643.928 0 1.612-.331 2.102-.797L5.317 6.82h2.288l1.05 1.39Z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg><span style="position:absolute;border:0;width:1px;height:1px;padding:0;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;clip:rect(0, 0, 0, 0);white-space:nowrap;word-wrap:normal"></span></span> <!-- -->From Everand</div><div class="title" data-e2e="doc-info-title">The Hard Thing About Hard Things: Building a Business When There Are No Easy Answers</div><div class="_38nure" data-e2e="doc-info-author"><a class="Hv6j2r" href="https://www.everand.com/author/684983410/Ben-Horowitz" target="_blank">Ben Horowitz</a></div><div class="_16H48L"><div class="wrapper__static_stars _3FghFh"><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_halffill light_lit"></span><span class="visually_hidden">Rating: 4.5 out of 5 stars</span></div><div class="_1c33kx">4.5/5 (348)</div></div></div></div></div></div></li><li class="wrapper__mono_document_list_item" data-e2e="document-list-item"><div class="view_wrapper"><div data-e2e="list-item-info" class="list_item_container"><a data-e2e="list-item-link" class="link" href="https://www.everand.com/book/234028503/Bad-Feminist-Essays" target="_blank"><span class="visually_hidden">Bad Feminist: Essays</span></a><div class="thumbnail_and_info"><img src="https://imgv2-1-f.scribdassets.com/img/word_document/234028503/149x198/600d1fe3f9/1718276304?v=1" srcSet="https://imgv2-1-f.scribdassets.com/img/word_document/234028503/298x396/1455400f40/1718276304?v=1 2x" alt="Bad Feminist: Essays" aria-label="book" class="thumbnail_img"/><div class="doc_info"><div class="crossLinkHeading"><span class="Icon-module_wrapper_LUeQrI"><svg width="12" height="12" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" role="img" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><path d="M8.654 8.21c.13-.441.159-.81.159-1.085 0-1.144-.67-1.899-.67-1.899h1.594c.182.382.32.97.32 1.783 0 .335-.1 1.206-.641 2.193l1.984 2.603H9.108l-.84-1.104C7.442 11.445 6.26 12 4.577 12 2.454 12 1 10.545 1 8.588c0-3.164 3.145-3.38 3.145-3.38l-.697-.803c-.944-1.104-.91-2.488-.287-3.343C3.725.288 4.485 0 5.634 0 7.991 0 8.44 2.17 8.44 2.17h-1.91s-.062-1.11-1.106-1.11c-.99 0-1.275.694-1.193 1.294.034.252.143.487.275.648 0 0 1.985 2.401 2.295 2.76l-1.324.006c-.302 0-.634-.02-.951.083-.328.106-.616.3-.842.561-.418.483-.595 1.15-.558 1.79.038.661.249 1.354.717 1.834.425.435 1.101.643 1.693.643.928 0 1.612-.331 2.102-.797L5.317 6.82h2.288l1.05 1.39Z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg><span style="position:absolute;border:0;width:1px;height:1px;padding:0;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;clip:rect(0, 0, 0, 0);white-space:nowrap;word-wrap:normal"></span></span> <!-- -->From Everand</div><div class="title" data-e2e="doc-info-title">Bad Feminist: Essays</div><div class="_38nure" data-e2e="doc-info-author"><a class="Hv6j2r" href="https://www.everand.com/author/694002562/Roxane-Gay" target="_blank">Roxane Gay</a></div><div class="_16H48L"><div class="wrapper__static_stars _3FghFh"><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_outline"></span><span class="visually_hidden">Rating: 4 out of 5 stars</span></div><div class="_1c33kx">4/5 (1018)</div></div></div></div></div></div></li><li class="wrapper__mono_document_list_item" data-e2e="document-list-item"><div class="view_wrapper"><div data-e2e="list-item-info" class="list_item_container"><a data-e2e="list-item-link" class="link" href="https://www.everand.com/book/263504218/Elon-Musk-Tesla-SpaceX-and-the-Quest-for-a-Fantastic-Future" target="_blank"><span class="visually_hidden">Elon Musk: Tesla, SpaceX, and the Quest for a Fantastic Future</span></a><div class="thumbnail_and_info"><img src="https://imgv2-1-f.scribdassets.com/img/word_document/263504218/149x198/5791495c90/1719056179?v=1" srcSet="https://imgv2-2-f.scribdassets.com/img/word_document/263504218/298x396/ca05b40921/1719056179?v=1 2x" alt="Elon Musk: Tesla, SpaceX, and the Quest for a Fantastic Future" aria-label="book" class="thumbnail_img"/><div class="doc_info"><div class="crossLinkHeading"><span class="Icon-module_wrapper_LUeQrI"><svg width="12" height="12" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" role="img" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><path d="M8.654 8.21c.13-.441.159-.81.159-1.085 0-1.144-.67-1.899-.67-1.899h1.594c.182.382.32.97.32 1.783 0 .335-.1 1.206-.641 2.193l1.984 2.603H9.108l-.84-1.104C7.442 11.445 6.26 12 4.577 12 2.454 12 1 10.545 1 8.588c0-3.164 3.145-3.38 3.145-3.38l-.697-.803c-.944-1.104-.91-2.488-.287-3.343C3.725.288 4.485 0 5.634 0 7.991 0 8.44 2.17 8.44 2.17h-1.91s-.062-1.11-1.106-1.11c-.99 0-1.275.694-1.193 1.294.034.252.143.487.275.648 0 0 1.985 2.401 2.295 2.76l-1.324.006c-.302 0-.634-.02-.951.083-.328.106-.616.3-.842.561-.418.483-.595 1.15-.558 1.79.038.661.249 1.354.717 1.834.425.435 1.101.643 1.693.643.928 0 1.612-.331 2.102-.797L5.317 6.82h2.288l1.05 1.39Z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg><span style="position:absolute;border:0;width:1px;height:1px;padding:0;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;clip:rect(0, 0, 0, 0);white-space:nowrap;word-wrap:normal"></span></span> <!-- -->From Everand</div><div class="title" data-e2e="doc-info-title">Elon Musk: Tesla, SpaceX, and the Quest for a Fantastic Future</div><div class="_38nure" data-e2e="doc-info-author"><a class="Hv6j2r" href="https://www.everand.com/author/655656594/Ashlee-Vance" target="_blank">Ashlee Vance</a></div><div class="_16H48L"><div class="wrapper__static_stars _3FghFh"><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_halffill light_lit"></span><span class="visually_hidden">Rating: 4.5 out of 5 stars</span></div><div class="_1c33kx">4.5/5 (474)</div></div></div></div></div></div></li><li class="wrapper__mono_document_list_item" data-e2e="document-list-item"><div class="view_wrapper"><div data-e2e="list-item-info" class="list_item_container"><a data-e2e="list-item-link" class="link" href="https://www.everand.com/book/393393789/Her-Body-and-Other-Parties-Stories" target="_blank"><span class="visually_hidden">Her Body and Other Parties: Stories</span></a><div class="thumbnail_and_info"><img src="https://imgv2-2-f.scribdassets.com/img/word_document/393393789/149x198/027888fb3f/1712200786?v=1" srcSet="https://imgv2-1-f.scribdassets.com/img/word_document/393393789/298x396/688f039a8b/1712200786?v=1 2x" alt="Her Body and Other Parties: Stories" aria-label="book" class="thumbnail_img"/><div class="doc_info"><div class="crossLinkHeading"><span class="Icon-module_wrapper_LUeQrI"><svg width="12" height="12" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" role="img" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><path d="M8.654 8.21c.13-.441.159-.81.159-1.085 0-1.144-.67-1.899-.67-1.899h1.594c.182.382.32.97.32 1.783 0 .335-.1 1.206-.641 2.193l1.984 2.603H9.108l-.84-1.104C7.442 11.445 6.26 12 4.577 12 2.454 12 1 10.545 1 8.588c0-3.164 3.145-3.38 3.145-3.38l-.697-.803c-.944-1.104-.91-2.488-.287-3.343C3.725.288 4.485 0 5.634 0 7.991 0 8.44 2.17 8.44 2.17h-1.91s-.062-1.11-1.106-1.11c-.99 0-1.275.694-1.193 1.294.034.252.143.487.275.648 0 0 1.985 2.401 2.295 2.76l-1.324.006c-.302 0-.634-.02-.951.083-.328.106-.616.3-.842.561-.418.483-.595 1.15-.558 1.79.038.661.249 1.354.717 1.834.425.435 1.101.643 1.693.643.928 0 1.612-.331 2.102-.797L5.317 6.82h2.288l1.05 1.39Z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg><span style="position:absolute;border:0;width:1px;height:1px;padding:0;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;clip:rect(0, 0, 0, 0);white-space:nowrap;word-wrap:normal"></span></span> <!-- -->From Everand</div><div class="title" data-e2e="doc-info-title">Her Body and Other Parties: Stories</div><div class="_38nure" data-e2e="doc-info-author"><a class="Hv6j2r" href="https://www.everand.com/author/626038376/Carmen-Maria-Machado" target="_blank">Carmen Maria Machado</a></div><div class="_16H48L"><div class="wrapper__static_stars _3FghFh"><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_outline"></span><span class="visually_hidden">Rating: 4 out of 5 stars</span></div><div class="_1c33kx">4/5 (822)</div></div></div></div></div></div></li><li class="wrapper__mono_document_list_item" data-e2e="document-list-item"><div class="view_wrapper"><div data-e2e="list-item-info" class="list_item_container"><a data-e2e="list-item-link" class="link" href="https://www.everand.com/book/378045783/The-Outsider-A-Novel" target="_blank"><span class="visually_hidden">The Outsider: A Novel</span></a><div class="thumbnail_and_info"><img src="https://imgv2-2-f.scribdassets.com/img/word_document/378045783/149x198/52e7b7d6d0/1718817053?v=1" srcSet="https://imgv2-2-f.scribdassets.com/img/word_document/378045783/298x396/c4d2b45a8f/1718817053?v=1 2x" alt="The Outsider: A Novel" aria-label="book" class="thumbnail_img"/><div class="doc_info"><div class="crossLinkHeading"><span class="Icon-module_wrapper_LUeQrI"><svg width="12" height="12" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" role="img" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><path d="M8.654 8.21c.13-.441.159-.81.159-1.085 0-1.144-.67-1.899-.67-1.899h1.594c.182.382.32.97.32 1.783 0 .335-.1 1.206-.641 2.193l1.984 2.603H9.108l-.84-1.104C7.442 11.445 6.26 12 4.577 12 2.454 12 1 10.545 1 8.588c0-3.164 3.145-3.38 3.145-3.38l-.697-.803c-.944-1.104-.91-2.488-.287-3.343C3.725.288 4.485 0 5.634 0 7.991 0 8.44 2.17 8.44 2.17h-1.91s-.062-1.11-1.106-1.11c-.99 0-1.275.694-1.193 1.294.034.252.143.487.275.648 0 0 1.985 2.401 2.295 2.76l-1.324.006c-.302 0-.634-.02-.951.083-.328.106-.616.3-.842.561-.418.483-.595 1.15-.558 1.79.038.661.249 1.354.717 1.834.425.435 1.101.643 1.693.643.928 0 1.612-.331 2.102-.797L5.317 6.82h2.288l1.05 1.39Z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg><span style="position:absolute;border:0;width:1px;height:1px;padding:0;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;clip:rect(0, 0, 0, 0);white-space:nowrap;word-wrap:normal"></span></span> <!-- -->From Everand</div><div class="title" data-e2e="doc-info-title">The Outsider: A Novel</div><div class="_38nure" data-e2e="doc-info-author"><a class="Hv6j2r" href="https://www.everand.com/author/572764971/Stephen-King" target="_blank">Stephen King</a></div><div class="_16H48L"><div class="wrapper__static_stars _3FghFh"><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_outline"></span><span class="visually_hidden">Rating: 4 out of 5 stars</span></div><div class="_1c33kx">4/5 (1866)</div></div></div></div></div></div></li><li class="wrapper__mono_document_list_item" data-e2e="document-list-item"><div class="view_wrapper"><div data-e2e="list-item-info" class="list_item_container"><a data-e2e="list-item-link" class="link" href="https://www.everand.com/book/224369806/The-Emperor-of-All-Maladies-A-Biography-of-Cancer" target="_blank"><span class="visually_hidden">The Emperor of All Maladies: A Biography of Cancer</span></a><div class="thumbnail_and_info"><img src="https://imgv2-1-f.scribdassets.com/img/word_document/224369806/149x198/d2fc5923b8/1717607260?v=1" srcSet="https://imgv2-2-f.scribdassets.com/img/word_document/224369806/298x396/a026add765/1717607260?v=1 2x" alt="The Emperor of All Maladies: A Biography of Cancer" aria-label="book" class="thumbnail_img"/><div class="doc_info"><div class="crossLinkHeading"><span class="Icon-module_wrapper_LUeQrI"><svg width="12" height="12" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" role="img" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><path d="M8.654 8.21c.13-.441.159-.81.159-1.085 0-1.144-.67-1.899-.67-1.899h1.594c.182.382.32.97.32 1.783 0 .335-.1 1.206-.641 2.193l1.984 2.603H9.108l-.84-1.104C7.442 11.445 6.26 12 4.577 12 2.454 12 1 10.545 1 8.588c0-3.164 3.145-3.38 3.145-3.38l-.697-.803c-.944-1.104-.91-2.488-.287-3.343C3.725.288 4.485 0 5.634 0 7.991 0 8.44 2.17 8.44 2.17h-1.91s-.062-1.11-1.106-1.11c-.99 0-1.275.694-1.193 1.294.034.252.143.487.275.648 0 0 1.985 2.401 2.295 2.76l-1.324.006c-.302 0-.634-.02-.951.083-.328.106-.616.3-.842.561-.418.483-.595 1.15-.558 1.79.038.661.249 1.354.717 1.834.425.435 1.101.643 1.693.643.928 0 1.612-.331 2.102-.797L5.317 6.82h2.288l1.05 1.39Z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg><span style="position:absolute;border:0;width:1px;height:1px;padding:0;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;clip:rect(0, 0, 0, 0);white-space:nowrap;word-wrap:normal"></span></span> <!-- -->From Everand</div><div class="title" data-e2e="doc-info-title">The Emperor of All Maladies: A Biography of Cancer</div><div class="_38nure" data-e2e="doc-info-author"><a class="Hv6j2r" href="https://www.everand.com/author/684982830/Siddhartha-Mukherjee" target="_blank">Siddhartha Mukherjee</a></div><div class="_16H48L"><div class="wrapper__static_stars _3FghFh"><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_halffill light_lit"></span><span class="visually_hidden">Rating: 4.5 out of 5 stars</span></div><div class="_1c33kx">4.5/5 (271)</div></div></div></div></div></div></li><li class="wrapper__mono_document_list_item" data-e2e="document-list-item"><div class="view_wrapper"><div data-e2e="list-item-info" class="list_item_container"><a data-e2e="list-item-link" class="link" href="https://www.everand.com/book/337536061/The-Sympathizer-A-Novel-Pulitzer-Prize-for-Fiction" target="_blank"><span class="visually_hidden">The Sympathizer: A Novel (Pulitzer Prize for Fiction)</span></a><div class="thumbnail_and_info"><img src="https://imgv2-2-f.scribdassets.com/img/word_document/337536061/149x198/e0fabe3d5f/1717779761?v=1" srcSet="https://imgv2-2-f.scribdassets.com/img/word_document/337536061/298x396/9e5f6dd316/1717779761?v=1 2x" alt="The Sympathizer: A Novel (Pulitzer Prize for Fiction)" aria-label="book" class="thumbnail_img"/><div class="doc_info"><div class="crossLinkHeading"><span class="Icon-module_wrapper_LUeQrI"><svg width="12" height="12" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" role="img" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><path d="M8.654 8.21c.13-.441.159-.81.159-1.085 0-1.144-.67-1.899-.67-1.899h1.594c.182.382.32.97.32 1.783 0 .335-.1 1.206-.641 2.193l1.984 2.603H9.108l-.84-1.104C7.442 11.445 6.26 12 4.577 12 2.454 12 1 10.545 1 8.588c0-3.164 3.145-3.38 3.145-3.38l-.697-.803c-.944-1.104-.91-2.488-.287-3.343C3.725.288 4.485 0 5.634 0 7.991 0 8.44 2.17 8.44 2.17h-1.91s-.062-1.11-1.106-1.11c-.99 0-1.275.694-1.193 1.294.034.252.143.487.275.648 0 0 1.985 2.401 2.295 2.76l-1.324.006c-.302 0-.634-.02-.951.083-.328.106-.616.3-.842.561-.418.483-.595 1.15-.558 1.79.038.661.249 1.354.717 1.834.425.435 1.101.643 1.693.643.928 0 1.612-.331 2.102-.797L5.317 6.82h2.288l1.05 1.39Z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg><span style="position:absolute;border:0;width:1px;height:1px;padding:0;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;clip:rect(0, 0, 0, 0);white-space:nowrap;word-wrap:normal"></span></span> <!-- -->From Everand</div><div class="title" data-e2e="doc-info-title">The Sympathizer: A Novel (Pulitzer Prize for Fiction)</div><div class="_38nure" data-e2e="doc-info-author"><a class="Hv6j2r" href="https://www.everand.com/author/688625676/Viet-Thanh-Nguyen" target="_blank">Viet Thanh Nguyen</a></div><div class="_16H48L"><div class="wrapper__static_stars _3FghFh"><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_halffill light_lit"></span><span class="visually_hidden">Rating: 4.5 out of 5 stars</span></div><div class="_1c33kx">4.5/5 (122)</div></div></div></div></div></div></li><li class="wrapper__mono_document_list_item" data-e2e="document-list-item"><div class="view_wrapper"><div data-e2e="list-item-info" class="list_item_container"><a data-e2e="list-item-link" class="link" href="https://www.everand.com/book/224426877/Angela-s-Ashes-A-Memoir" target="_blank"><span class="visually_hidden">Angela's Ashes: A Memoir</span></a><div class="thumbnail_and_info"><img src="https://imgv2-1-f.scribdassets.com/img/word_document/224426877/149x198/67b53f7428/1718631569?v=1" srcSet="https://imgv2-1-f.scribdassets.com/img/word_document/224426877/298x396/61c4862b68/1718631569?v=1 2x" alt="Angela's Ashes: A Memoir" aria-label="book" class="thumbnail_img"/><div class="doc_info"><div class="crossLinkHeading"><span class="Icon-module_wrapper_LUeQrI"><svg width="12" height="12" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" role="img" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><path d="M8.654 8.21c.13-.441.159-.81.159-1.085 0-1.144-.67-1.899-.67-1.899h1.594c.182.382.32.97.32 1.783 0 .335-.1 1.206-.641 2.193l1.984 2.603H9.108l-.84-1.104C7.442 11.445 6.26 12 4.577 12 2.454 12 1 10.545 1 8.588c0-3.164 3.145-3.38 3.145-3.38l-.697-.803c-.944-1.104-.91-2.488-.287-3.343C3.725.288 4.485 0 5.634 0 7.991 0 8.44 2.17 8.44 2.17h-1.91s-.062-1.11-1.106-1.11c-.99 0-1.275.694-1.193 1.294.034.252.143.487.275.648 0 0 1.985 2.401 2.295 2.76l-1.324.006c-.302 0-.634-.02-.951.083-.328.106-.616.3-.842.561-.418.483-.595 1.15-.558 1.79.038.661.249 1.354.717 1.834.425.435 1.101.643 1.693.643.928 0 1.612-.331 2.102-.797L5.317 6.82h2.288l1.05 1.39Z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg><span style="position:absolute;border:0;width:1px;height:1px;padding:0;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;clip:rect(0, 0, 0, 0);white-space:nowrap;word-wrap:normal"></span></span> <!-- -->From Everand</div><div class="title" data-e2e="doc-info-title">Angela's Ashes: A Memoir</div><div class="_38nure" data-e2e="doc-info-author"><a class="Hv6j2r" href="https://www.everand.com/author/684979558/Frank-McCourt" target="_blank">Frank McCourt</a></div><div class="_16H48L"><div class="wrapper__static_stars _3FghFh"><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_halffill light_lit"></span><span class="visually_hidden">Rating: 4.5 out of 5 stars</span></div><div class="_1c33kx">4.5/5 (441)</div></div></div></div></div></div></li><li class="wrapper__mono_document_list_item" data-e2e="document-list-item"><div class="view_wrapper"><div data-e2e="list-item-info" class="list_item_container"><a data-e2e="list-item-link" class="link" href="https://www.everand.com/book/224252178/Brooklyn-A-Novel" target="_blank"><span class="visually_hidden">Brooklyn: A Novel</span></a><div class="thumbnail_and_info"><img src="https://imgv2-1-f.scribdassets.com/img/word_document/224252178/149x198/77a859fdd8/1717421700?v=1" srcSet="https://imgv2-2-f.scribdassets.com/img/word_document/224252178/298x396/dfbec9e04b/1717421700?v=1 2x" alt="Brooklyn: A Novel" aria-label="book" class="thumbnail_img"/><div class="doc_info"><div class="crossLinkHeading"><span class="Icon-module_wrapper_LUeQrI"><svg width="12" height="12" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" role="img" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><path d="M8.654 8.21c.13-.441.159-.81.159-1.085 0-1.144-.67-1.899-.67-1.899h1.594c.182.382.32.97.32 1.783 0 .335-.1 1.206-.641 2.193l1.984 2.603H9.108l-.84-1.104C7.442 11.445 6.26 12 4.577 12 2.454 12 1 10.545 1 8.588c0-3.164 3.145-3.38 3.145-3.38l-.697-.803c-.944-1.104-.91-2.488-.287-3.343C3.725.288 4.485 0 5.634 0 7.991 0 8.44 2.17 8.44 2.17h-1.91s-.062-1.11-1.106-1.11c-.99 0-1.275.694-1.193 1.294.034.252.143.487.275.648 0 0 1.985 2.401 2.295 2.76l-1.324.006c-.302 0-.634-.02-.951.083-.328.106-.616.3-.842.561-.418.483-.595 1.15-.558 1.79.038.661.249 1.354.717 1.834.425.435 1.101.643 1.693.643.928 0 1.612-.331 2.102-.797L5.317 6.82h2.288l1.05 1.39Z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg><span style="position:absolute;border:0;width:1px;height:1px;padding:0;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;clip:rect(0, 0, 0, 0);white-space:nowrap;word-wrap:normal"></span></span> <!-- -->From Everand</div><div class="title" data-e2e="doc-info-title">Brooklyn: A Novel</div><div class="_38nure" data-e2e="doc-info-author"><a class="Hv6j2r" href="https://www.everand.com/author/684985070/Colm-Toibin" target="_blank">Colm Toibin</a></div><div class="_16H48L"><div class="wrapper__static_stars _3FghFh"><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_halffill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_outline"></span><span class="visually_hidden">Rating: 3.5 out of 5 stars</span></div><div class="_1c33kx">3.5/5 (1947)</div></div></div></div></div></div></li><li class="wrapper__mono_document_list_item" data-e2e="document-list-item"><div class="view_wrapper"><div data-e2e="list-item-info" class="list_item_container"><a data-e2e="list-item-link" class="link" href="https://www.everand.com/book/335537398/The-Little-Book-of-Hygge-Danish-Secrets-to-Happy-Living" target="_blank"><span class="visually_hidden">The Little Book of Hygge: Danish Secrets to Happy Living</span></a><div class="thumbnail_and_info"><img src="https://imgv2-2-f.scribdassets.com/img/word_document/335537398/149x198/c261b5b62a/1717844699?v=1" srcSet="https://imgv2-2-f.scribdassets.com/img/word_document/335537398/298x396/4b549960d0/1717844699?v=1 2x" alt="The Little Book of Hygge: Danish Secrets to Happy Living" aria-label="book" class="thumbnail_img"/><div class="doc_info"><div class="crossLinkHeading"><span class="Icon-module_wrapper_LUeQrI"><svg width="12" height="12" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" role="img" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><path d="M8.654 8.21c.13-.441.159-.81.159-1.085 0-1.144-.67-1.899-.67-1.899h1.594c.182.382.32.97.32 1.783 0 .335-.1 1.206-.641 2.193l1.984 2.603H9.108l-.84-1.104C7.442 11.445 6.26 12 4.577 12 2.454 12 1 10.545 1 8.588c0-3.164 3.145-3.38 3.145-3.38l-.697-.803c-.944-1.104-.91-2.488-.287-3.343C3.725.288 4.485 0 5.634 0 7.991 0 8.44 2.17 8.44 2.17h-1.91s-.062-1.11-1.106-1.11c-.99 0-1.275.694-1.193 1.294.034.252.143.487.275.648 0 0 1.985 2.401 2.295 2.76l-1.324.006c-.302 0-.634-.02-.951.083-.328.106-.616.3-.842.561-.418.483-.595 1.15-.558 1.79.038.661.249 1.354.717 1.834.425.435 1.101.643 1.693.643.928 0 1.612-.331 2.102-.797L5.317 6.82h2.288l1.05 1.39Z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg><span style="position:absolute;border:0;width:1px;height:1px;padding:0;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;clip:rect(0, 0, 0, 0);white-space:nowrap;word-wrap:normal"></span></span> <!-- -->From Everand</div><div class="title" data-e2e="doc-info-title">The Little Book of Hygge: Danish Secrets to Happy Living</div><div class="_38nure" data-e2e="doc-info-author"><a class="Hv6j2r" href="https://www.everand.com/author/656546239/Meik-Wiking" target="_blank">Meik Wiking</a></div><div class="_16H48L"><div class="wrapper__static_stars _3FghFh"><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_halffill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_outline"></span><span class="visually_hidden">Rating: 3.5 out of 5 stars</span></div><div class="_1c33kx">3.5/5 (401)</div></div></div></div></div></div></li><li class="wrapper__mono_document_list_item" data-e2e="document-list-item"><div class="view_wrapper"><div data-e2e="list-item-info" class="list_item_container"><a data-e2e="list-item-link" class="link" href="https://www.everand.com/book/235411767/A-Man-Called-Ove-A-Novel" target="_blank"><span class="visually_hidden">A Man Called Ove: A Novel</span></a><div class="thumbnail_and_info"><img src="https://imgv2-1-f.scribdassets.com/img/word_document/235411767/149x198/ce356815f8/1718632206?v=1" srcSet="https://imgv2-2-f.scribdassets.com/img/word_document/235411767/298x396/a289a2fc2a/1718632206?v=1 2x" alt="A Man Called Ove: A Novel" aria-label="book" class="thumbnail_img"/><div class="doc_info"><div class="crossLinkHeading"><span class="Icon-module_wrapper_LUeQrI"><svg width="12" height="12" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" role="img" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><path d="M8.654 8.21c.13-.441.159-.81.159-1.085 0-1.144-.67-1.899-.67-1.899h1.594c.182.382.32.97.32 1.783 0 .335-.1 1.206-.641 2.193l1.984 2.603H9.108l-.84-1.104C7.442 11.445 6.26 12 4.577 12 2.454 12 1 10.545 1 8.588c0-3.164 3.145-3.38 3.145-3.38l-.697-.803c-.944-1.104-.91-2.488-.287-3.343C3.725.288 4.485 0 5.634 0 7.991 0 8.44 2.17 8.44 2.17h-1.91s-.062-1.11-1.106-1.11c-.99 0-1.275.694-1.193 1.294.034.252.143.487.275.648 0 0 1.985 2.401 2.295 2.76l-1.324.006c-.302 0-.634-.02-.951.083-.328.106-.616.3-.842.561-.418.483-.595 1.15-.558 1.79.038.661.249 1.354.717 1.834.425.435 1.101.643 1.693.643.928 0 1.612-.331 2.102-.797L5.317 6.82h2.288l1.05 1.39Z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg><span style="position:absolute;border:0;width:1px;height:1px;padding:0;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;clip:rect(0, 0, 0, 0);white-space:nowrap;word-wrap:normal"></span></span> <!-- -->From Everand</div><div class="title" data-e2e="doc-info-title">A Man Called Ove: A Novel</div><div class="_38nure" data-e2e="doc-info-author"><a class="Hv6j2r" href="https://www.everand.com/author/683814850/Fredrik-Backman" target="_blank">Fredrik Backman</a></div><div class="_16H48L"><div class="wrapper__static_stars _3FghFh"><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_halffill light_lit"></span><span class="visually_hidden">Rating: 4.5 out of 5 stars</span></div><div class="_1c33kx">4.5/5 (4770)</div></div></div></div></div></div></li><li class="wrapper__mono_document_list_item" data-e2e="document-list-item"><div class="view_wrapper"><div data-e2e="list-item-info" class="list_item_container"><a data-e2e="list-item-link" class="link" href="https://www.everand.com/book/224326250/Steve-Jobs" target="_blank"><span class="visually_hidden">Steve Jobs</span></a><div class="thumbnail_and_info"><img src="https://imgv2-1-f.scribdassets.com/img/word_document/224326250/149x198/f1e7bf86b3/1701281268?v=1" srcSet="https://imgv2-2-f.scribdassets.com/img/word_document/224326250/298x396/67d6eee06a/1701281268?v=1 2x" alt="Steve Jobs" aria-label="book" class="thumbnail_img"/><div class="doc_info"><div class="crossLinkHeading"><span class="Icon-module_wrapper_LUeQrI"><svg width="12" height="12" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" role="img" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><path d="M8.654 8.21c.13-.441.159-.81.159-1.085 0-1.144-.67-1.899-.67-1.899h1.594c.182.382.32.97.32 1.783 0 .335-.1 1.206-.641 2.193l1.984 2.603H9.108l-.84-1.104C7.442 11.445 6.26 12 4.577 12 2.454 12 1 10.545 1 8.588c0-3.164 3.145-3.38 3.145-3.38l-.697-.803c-.944-1.104-.91-2.488-.287-3.343C3.725.288 4.485 0 5.634 0 7.991 0 8.44 2.17 8.44 2.17h-1.91s-.062-1.11-1.106-1.11c-.99 0-1.275.694-1.193 1.294.034.252.143.487.275.648 0 0 1.985 2.401 2.295 2.76l-1.324.006c-.302 0-.634-.02-.951.083-.328.106-.616.3-.842.561-.418.483-.595 1.15-.558 1.79.038.661.249 1.354.717 1.834.425.435 1.101.643 1.693.643.928 0 1.612-.331 2.102-.797L5.317 6.82h2.288l1.05 1.39Z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg><span style="position:absolute;border:0;width:1px;height:1px;padding:0;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;clip:rect(0, 0, 0, 0);white-space:nowrap;word-wrap:normal"></span></span> <!-- -->From Everand</div><div class="title" data-e2e="doc-info-title">Steve Jobs</div><div class="_38nure" data-e2e="doc-info-author"><a class="Hv6j2r" href="https://www.everand.com/author/683814325/Walter-Isaacson" target="_blank">Walter Isaacson</a></div><div class="_16H48L"><div class="wrapper__static_stars _3FghFh"><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_halffill light_lit"></span><span class="visually_hidden">Rating: 4.5 out of 5 stars</span></div><div class="_1c33kx">4.5/5 (808)</div></div></div></div></div></div></li><li class="wrapper__mono_document_list_item" data-e2e="document-list-item"><div class="view_wrapper"><div data-e2e="list-item-info" class="list_item_container"><a data-e2e="list-item-link" class="link" href="https://www.everand.com/book/182553141/The-World-Is-Flat-3-0-A-Brief-History-of-the-Twenty-first-Century" target="_blank"><span class="visually_hidden">The World Is Flat 3.0: A Brief History of the Twenty-first Century</span></a><div class="thumbnail_and_info"><img src="https://imgv2-2-f.scribdassets.com/img/word_document/182553141/149x198/9d8b4953ee/1714629096?v=1" srcSet="https://imgv2-2-f.scribdassets.com/img/word_document/182553141/298x396/89521cc859/1714629096?v=1 2x" alt="The World Is Flat 3.0: A Brief History of the Twenty-first Century" aria-label="book" class="thumbnail_img"/><div class="doc_info"><div class="crossLinkHeading"><span class="Icon-module_wrapper_LUeQrI"><svg width="12" height="12" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" role="img" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><path d="M8.654 8.21c.13-.441.159-.81.159-1.085 0-1.144-.67-1.899-.67-1.899h1.594c.182.382.32.97.32 1.783 0 .335-.1 1.206-.641 2.193l1.984 2.603H9.108l-.84-1.104C7.442 11.445 6.26 12 4.577 12 2.454 12 1 10.545 1 8.588c0-3.164 3.145-3.38 3.145-3.38l-.697-.803c-.944-1.104-.91-2.488-.287-3.343C3.725.288 4.485 0 5.634 0 7.991 0 8.44 2.17 8.44 2.17h-1.91s-.062-1.11-1.106-1.11c-.99 0-1.275.694-1.193 1.294.034.252.143.487.275.648 0 0 1.985 2.401 2.295 2.76l-1.324.006c-.302 0-.634-.02-.951.083-.328.106-.616.3-.842.561-.418.483-.595 1.15-.558 1.79.038.661.249 1.354.717 1.834.425.435 1.101.643 1.693.643.928 0 1.612-.331 2.102-.797L5.317 6.82h2.288l1.05 1.39Z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg><span style="position:absolute;border:0;width:1px;height:1px;padding:0;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;clip:rect(0, 0, 0, 0);white-space:nowrap;word-wrap:normal"></span></span> <!-- -->From Everand</div><div class="title" data-e2e="doc-info-title">The World Is Flat 3.0: A Brief History of the Twenty-first Century</div><div class="_38nure" data-e2e="doc-info-author"><a class="Hv6j2r" href="https://www.everand.com/author/687127844/Thomas-L-Friedman" target="_blank">Thomas L. Friedman</a></div><div class="_16H48L"><div class="wrapper__static_stars _3FghFh"><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_halffill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_outline"></span><span class="visually_hidden">Rating: 3.5 out of 5 stars</span></div><div class="_1c33kx">3.5/5 (2259)</div></div></div></div></div></div></li><li class="wrapper__mono_document_list_item" data-e2e="document-list-item"><div class="view_wrapper"><div data-e2e="list-item-info" class="list_item_container"><a data-e2e="list-item-link" class="link" href="https://www.everand.com/book/419930541/The-Yellow-House-A-Memoir-2019-National-Book-Award-Winner" target="_blank"><span class="visually_hidden">The Yellow House: A Memoir (2019 National Book Award Winner)</span></a><div class="thumbnail_and_info"><img src="https://imgv2-1-f.scribdassets.com/img/word_document/419930541/149x198/941121db9b/1702813542?v=1" srcSet="https://imgv2-2-f.scribdassets.com/img/word_document/419930541/298x396/327f81adb3/1702813542?v=1 2x" alt="The Yellow House: A Memoir (2019 National Book Award Winner)" aria-label="book" class="thumbnail_img"/><div class="doc_info"><div class="crossLinkHeading"><span class="Icon-module_wrapper_LUeQrI"><svg width="12" height="12" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" role="img" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><path d="M8.654 8.21c.13-.441.159-.81.159-1.085 0-1.144-.67-1.899-.67-1.899h1.594c.182.382.32.97.32 1.783 0 .335-.1 1.206-.641 2.193l1.984 2.603H9.108l-.84-1.104C7.442 11.445 6.26 12 4.577 12 2.454 12 1 10.545 1 8.588c0-3.164 3.145-3.38 3.145-3.38l-.697-.803c-.944-1.104-.91-2.488-.287-3.343C3.725.288 4.485 0 5.634 0 7.991 0 8.44 2.17 8.44 2.17h-1.91s-.062-1.11-1.106-1.11c-.99 0-1.275.694-1.193 1.294.034.252.143.487.275.648 0 0 1.985 2.401 2.295 2.76l-1.324.006c-.302 0-.634-.02-.951.083-.328.106-.616.3-.842.561-.418.483-.595 1.15-.558 1.79.038.661.249 1.354.717 1.834.425.435 1.101.643 1.693.643.928 0 1.612-.331 2.102-.797L5.317 6.82h2.288l1.05 1.39Z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg><span style="position:absolute;border:0;width:1px;height:1px;padding:0;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;clip:rect(0, 0, 0, 0);white-space:nowrap;word-wrap:normal"></span></span> <!-- -->From Everand</div><div class="title" data-e2e="doc-info-title">The Yellow House: A Memoir (2019 National Book Award Winner)</div><div class="_38nure" data-e2e="doc-info-author"><a class="Hv6j2r" href="https://www.everand.com/author/469606521/Sarah-M-Broom" target="_blank">Sarah M. Broom</a></div><div class="_16H48L"><div class="wrapper__static_stars _3FghFh"><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_outline"></span><span class="visually_hidden">Rating: 4 out of 5 stars</span></div><div class="_1c33kx">4/5 (98)</div></div></div></div></div></div></li><li class="wrapper__mono_document_list_item" data-e2e="document-list-item"><div class="view_wrapper"><div data-e2e="list-item-info" class="list_item_container"><a data-e2e="list-item-link" class="link" href="https://www.everand.com/book/163646054/Devil-in-the-Grove-Thurgood-Marshall-the-Groveland-Boys-and-the-Dawn-of-a-New-America" target="_blank"><span class="visually_hidden">Devil in the Grove: Thurgood Marshall, the Groveland Boys, and the Dawn of a 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2.17h-1.91s-.062-1.11-1.106-1.11c-.99 0-1.275.694-1.193 1.294.034.252.143.487.275.648 0 0 1.985 2.401 2.295 2.76l-1.324.006c-.302 0-.634-.02-.951.083-.328.106-.616.3-.842.561-.418.483-.595 1.15-.558 1.79.038.661.249 1.354.717 1.834.425.435 1.101.643 1.693.643.928 0 1.612-.331 2.102-.797L5.317 6.82h2.288l1.05 1.39Z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg><span style="position:absolute;border:0;width:1px;height:1px;padding:0;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;clip:rect(0, 0, 0, 0);white-space:nowrap;word-wrap:normal"></span></span> <!-- -->From Everand</div><div class="title" data-e2e="doc-info-title">Devil in the Grove: Thurgood Marshall, the Groveland Boys, and the Dawn of a New America</div><div class="_38nure" data-e2e="doc-info-author"><a class="Hv6j2r" href="https://www.everand.com/author/655065772/Gilbert-King" target="_blank">Gilbert King</a></div><div class="_16H48L"><div class="wrapper__static_stars _3FghFh"><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span 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srcSet="https://imgv2-1-f.scribdassets.com/img/word_document/163579056/298x396/c599e1583f/1719053563?v=1 2x" alt="The Art of Racing in the Rain: A Novel" aria-label="book" class="thumbnail_img"/><div class="doc_info"><div class="crossLinkHeading"><span class="Icon-module_wrapper_LUeQrI"><svg width="12" height="12" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" role="img" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><path d="M8.654 8.21c.13-.441.159-.81.159-1.085 0-1.144-.67-1.899-.67-1.899h1.594c.182.382.32.97.32 1.783 0 .335-.1 1.206-.641 2.193l1.984 2.603H9.108l-.84-1.104C7.442 11.445 6.26 12 4.577 12 2.454 12 1 10.545 1 8.588c0-3.164 3.145-3.38 3.145-3.38l-.697-.803c-.944-1.104-.91-2.488-.287-3.343C3.725.288 4.485 0 5.634 0 7.991 0 8.44 2.17 8.44 2.17h-1.91s-.062-1.11-1.106-1.11c-.99 0-1.275.694-1.193 1.294.034.252.143.487.275.648 0 0 1.985 2.401 2.295 2.76l-1.324.006c-.302 0-.634-.02-.951.083-.328.106-.616.3-.842.561-.418.483-.595 1.15-.558 1.79.038.661.249 1.354.717 1.834.425.435 1.101.643 1.693.643.928 0 1.612-.331 2.102-.797L5.317 6.82h2.288l1.05 1.39Z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg><span style="position:absolute;border:0;width:1px;height:1px;padding:0;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;clip:rect(0, 0, 0, 0);white-space:nowrap;word-wrap:normal"></span></span> <!-- -->From Everand</div><div class="title" data-e2e="doc-info-title">The Art of Racing in the Rain: A Novel</div><div class="_38nure" data-e2e="doc-info-author"><a class="Hv6j2r" href="https://www.everand.com/author/696787006/Garth-Stein" target="_blank">Garth Stein</a></div><div class="_16H48L"><div class="wrapper__static_stars _3FghFh"><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_outline"></span><span class="visually_hidden">Rating: 4 out of 5 stars</span></div><div class="_1c33kx">4/5 (4208)</div></div></div></div></div></div></li><li class="wrapper__mono_document_list_item" data-e2e="document-list-item"><div class="view_wrapper"><div data-e2e="list-item-info" class="list_item_container"><a data-e2e="list-item-link" class="link" href="https://www.everand.com/book/163657166/A-Tree-Grows-in-Brooklyn" target="_blank"><span class="visually_hidden">A Tree Grows in Brooklyn</span></a><div class="thumbnail_and_info"><img src="https://imgv2-2-f.scribdassets.com/img/word_document/163657166/149x198/bf3b773b78/1719054123?v=1" srcSet="https://imgv2-1-f.scribdassets.com/img/word_document/163657166/298x396/9446ea1bc2/1719054123?v=1 2x" alt="A Tree Grows in Brooklyn" aria-label="book" class="thumbnail_img"/><div class="doc_info"><div class="crossLinkHeading"><span class="Icon-module_wrapper_LUeQrI"><svg width="12" height="12" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" role="img" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><path d="M8.654 8.21c.13-.441.159-.81.159-1.085 0-1.144-.67-1.899-.67-1.899h1.594c.182.382.32.97.32 1.783 0 .335-.1 1.206-.641 2.193l1.984 2.603H9.108l-.84-1.104C7.442 11.445 6.26 12 4.577 12 2.454 12 1 10.545 1 8.588c0-3.164 3.145-3.38 3.145-3.38l-.697-.803c-.944-1.104-.91-2.488-.287-3.343C3.725.288 4.485 0 5.634 0 7.991 0 8.44 2.17 8.44 2.17h-1.91s-.062-1.11-1.106-1.11c-.99 0-1.275.694-1.193 1.294.034.252.143.487.275.648 0 0 1.985 2.401 2.295 2.76l-1.324.006c-.302 0-.634-.02-.951.083-.328.106-.616.3-.842.561-.418.483-.595 1.15-.558 1.79.038.661.249 1.354.717 1.834.425.435 1.101.643 1.693.643.928 0 1.612-.331 2.102-.797L5.317 6.82h2.288l1.05 1.39Z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg><span style="position:absolute;border:0;width:1px;height:1px;padding:0;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;clip:rect(0, 0, 0, 0);white-space:nowrap;word-wrap:normal"></span></span> <!-- -->From Everand</div><div class="title" data-e2e="doc-info-title">A Tree Grows in Brooklyn</div><div class="_38nure" data-e2e="doc-info-author"><a class="Hv6j2r" href="https://www.everand.com/author/709859210/Betty-Smith" target="_blank">Betty Smith</a></div><div class="_16H48L"><div class="wrapper__static_stars _3FghFh"><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_halffill light_lit"></span><span class="visually_hidden">Rating: 4.5 out of 5 stars</span></div><div class="_1c33kx">4.5/5 (1929)</div></div></div></div></div></div></li><li class="wrapper__mono_document_list_item" data-e2e="document-list-item"><div class="view_wrapper"><div data-e2e="list-item-info" class="list_item_container"><a data-e2e="list-item-link" class="link" href="https://www.everand.com/book/224410295/Team-of-Rivals-The-Political-Genius-of-Abraham-Lincoln" target="_blank"><span class="visually_hidden">Team of Rivals: The Political Genius of Abraham Lincoln</span></a><div class="thumbnail_and_info"><img src="https://imgv2-1-f.scribdassets.com/img/word_document/224410295/149x198/5f74dd59cd/1716559191?v=1" srcSet="https://imgv2-1-f.scribdassets.com/img/word_document/224410295/298x396/58644b8626/1716559191?v=1 2x" alt="Team of Rivals: The Political Genius of Abraham Lincoln" aria-label="book" class="thumbnail_img"/><div class="doc_info"><div class="crossLinkHeading"><span class="Icon-module_wrapper_LUeQrI"><svg width="12" height="12" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" role="img" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><path d="M8.654 8.21c.13-.441.159-.81.159-1.085 0-1.144-.67-1.899-.67-1.899h1.594c.182.382.32.97.32 1.783 0 .335-.1 1.206-.641 2.193l1.984 2.603H9.108l-.84-1.104C7.442 11.445 6.26 12 4.577 12 2.454 12 1 10.545 1 8.588c0-3.164 3.145-3.38 3.145-3.38l-.697-.803c-.944-1.104-.91-2.488-.287-3.343C3.725.288 4.485 0 5.634 0 7.991 0 8.44 2.17 8.44 2.17h-1.91s-.062-1.11-1.106-1.11c-.99 0-1.275.694-1.193 1.294.034.252.143.487.275.648 0 0 1.985 2.401 2.295 2.76l-1.324.006c-.302 0-.634-.02-.951.083-.328.106-.616.3-.842.561-.418.483-.595 1.15-.558 1.79.038.661.249 1.354.717 1.834.425.435 1.101.643 1.693.643.928 0 1.612-.331 2.102-.797L5.317 6.82h2.288l1.05 1.39Z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg><span style="position:absolute;border:0;width:1px;height:1px;padding:0;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;clip:rect(0, 0, 0, 0);white-space:nowrap;word-wrap:normal"></span></span> <!-- -->From Everand</div><div class="title" data-e2e="doc-info-title">Team of Rivals: The Political Genius of Abraham Lincoln</div><div class="_38nure" data-e2e="doc-info-author"><a class="Hv6j2r" href="https://www.everand.com/author/683814521/Doris-Kearns-Goodwin" target="_blank">Doris Kearns Goodwin</a></div><div class="_16H48L"><div class="wrapper__static_stars _3FghFh"><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_halffill light_lit"></span><span class="visually_hidden">Rating: 4.5 out of 5 stars</span></div><div class="_1c33kx">4.5/5 (234)</div></div></div></div></div></div></li><li class="wrapper__mono_document_list_item" data-e2e="document-list-item"><div class="view_wrapper"><div data-e2e="list-item-info" class="list_item_container"><a data-e2e="list-item-link" class="link" href="https://www.everand.com/book/244157917/Yes-Please" target="_blank"><span class="visually_hidden">Yes Please</span></a><div class="thumbnail_and_info"><img src="https://imgv2-1-f.scribdassets.com/img/word_document/244157917/149x198/ce51d31665/1719055949?v=1" srcSet="https://imgv2-1-f.scribdassets.com/img/word_document/244157917/298x396/d0cbd421a3/1719055949?v=1 2x" alt="Yes Please" aria-label="book" class="thumbnail_img"/><div class="doc_info"><div class="crossLinkHeading"><span class="Icon-module_wrapper_LUeQrI"><svg width="12" height="12" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" role="img" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><path d="M8.654 8.21c.13-.441.159-.81.159-1.085 0-1.144-.67-1.899-.67-1.899h1.594c.182.382.32.97.32 1.783 0 .335-.1 1.206-.641 2.193l1.984 2.603H9.108l-.84-1.104C7.442 11.445 6.26 12 4.577 12 2.454 12 1 10.545 1 8.588c0-3.164 3.145-3.38 3.145-3.38l-.697-.803c-.944-1.104-.91-2.488-.287-3.343C3.725.288 4.485 0 5.634 0 7.991 0 8.44 2.17 8.44 2.17h-1.91s-.062-1.11-1.106-1.11c-.99 0-1.275.694-1.193 1.294.034.252.143.487.275.648 0 0 1.985 2.401 2.295 2.76l-1.324.006c-.302 0-.634-.02-.951.083-.328.106-.616.3-.842.561-.418.483-.595 1.15-.558 1.79.038.661.249 1.354.717 1.834.425.435 1.101.643 1.693.643.928 0 1.612-.331 2.102-.797L5.317 6.82h2.288l1.05 1.39Z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg><span style="position:absolute;border:0;width:1px;height:1px;padding:0;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;clip:rect(0, 0, 0, 0);white-space:nowrap;word-wrap:normal"></span></span> <!-- -->From Everand</div><div class="title" data-e2e="doc-info-title">Yes Please</div><div class="_38nure" data-e2e="doc-info-author"><a class="Hv6j2r" href="https://www.everand.com/author/655441200/Amy-Poehler" target="_blank">Amy Poehler</a></div><div class="_16H48L"><div class="wrapper__static_stars _3FghFh"><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_outline"></span><span class="visually_hidden">Rating: 4 out of 5 stars</span></div><div class="_1c33kx">4/5 (1902)</div></div></div></div></div></div></li><li class="wrapper__mono_document_list_item" data-e2e="document-list-item"><div class="view_wrapper"><div data-e2e="list-item-info" class="list_item_container"><a data-e2e="list-item-link" class="link" href="https://www.everand.com/book/225916486/A-Heartbreaking-Work-Of-Staggering-Genius-A-Memoir-Based-on-a-True-Story" target="_blank"><span class="visually_hidden">A Heartbreaking Work Of Staggering Genius: A Memoir Based on a True Story</span></a><div class="thumbnail_and_info"><img src="https://imgv2-1-f.scribdassets.com/img/word_document/225916486/149x198/ceefd53ff2/1710801410?v=1" srcSet="https://imgv2-1-f.scribdassets.com/img/word_document/225916486/298x396/3fda0d41f4/1710801410?v=1 2x" alt="A Heartbreaking Work Of Staggering Genius: A Memoir Based on a True Story" aria-label="book" class="thumbnail_img"/><div class="doc_info"><div class="crossLinkHeading"><span class="Icon-module_wrapper_LUeQrI"><svg width="12" height="12" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" role="img" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><path d="M8.654 8.21c.13-.441.159-.81.159-1.085 0-1.144-.67-1.899-.67-1.899h1.594c.182.382.32.97.32 1.783 0 .335-.1 1.206-.641 2.193l1.984 2.603H9.108l-.84-1.104C7.442 11.445 6.26 12 4.577 12 2.454 12 1 10.545 1 8.588c0-3.164 3.145-3.38 3.145-3.38l-.697-.803c-.944-1.104-.91-2.488-.287-3.343C3.725.288 4.485 0 5.634 0 7.991 0 8.44 2.17 8.44 2.17h-1.91s-.062-1.11-1.106-1.11c-.99 0-1.275.694-1.193 1.294.034.252.143.487.275.648 0 0 1.985 2.401 2.295 2.76l-1.324.006c-.302 0-.634-.02-.951.083-.328.106-.616.3-.842.561-.418.483-.595 1.15-.558 1.79.038.661.249 1.354.717 1.834.425.435 1.101.643 1.693.643.928 0 1.612-.331 2.102-.797L5.317 6.82h2.288l1.05 1.39Z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg><span style="position:absolute;border:0;width:1px;height:1px;padding:0;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;clip:rect(0, 0, 0, 0);white-space:nowrap;word-wrap:normal"></span></span> <!-- -->From Everand</div><div class="title" data-e2e="doc-info-title">A Heartbreaking Work Of Staggering Genius: A Memoir Based on a True Story</div><div class="_38nure" data-e2e="doc-info-author"><a class="Hv6j2r" href="https://www.everand.com/author/684985077/Dave-Eggers" target="_blank">Dave Eggers</a></div><div class="_16H48L"><div class="wrapper__static_stars _3FghFh"><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_halffill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_outline"></span><span class="visually_hidden">Rating: 3.5 out of 5 stars</span></div><div class="_1c33kx">3.5/5 (231)</div></div></div></div></div></div></li><li class="wrapper__mono_document_list_item" data-e2e="document-list-item"><div class="view_wrapper"><div data-e2e="list-item-info" class="list_item_container"><a data-e2e="list-item-link" class="link" href="https://www.everand.com/book/316391232/The-Woman-in-Cabin-10" target="_blank"><span class="visually_hidden">The Woman in Cabin 10</span></a><div class="thumbnail_and_info"><img src="https://imgv2-2-f.scribdassets.com/img/word_document/316391232/149x198/50fd0ecce1/1716397985?v=1" srcSet="https://imgv2-2-f.scribdassets.com/img/word_document/316391232/298x396/f55471760a/1716397985?v=1 2x" alt="The Woman in Cabin 10" aria-label="book" class="thumbnail_img"/><div class="doc_info"><div class="crossLinkHeading"><span class="Icon-module_wrapper_LUeQrI"><svg width="12" height="12" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" role="img" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><path d="M8.654 8.21c.13-.441.159-.81.159-1.085 0-1.144-.67-1.899-.67-1.899h1.594c.182.382.32.97.32 1.783 0 .335-.1 1.206-.641 2.193l1.984 2.603H9.108l-.84-1.104C7.442 11.445 6.26 12 4.577 12 2.454 12 1 10.545 1 8.588c0-3.164 3.145-3.38 3.145-3.38l-.697-.803c-.944-1.104-.91-2.488-.287-3.343C3.725.288 4.485 0 5.634 0 7.991 0 8.44 2.17 8.44 2.17h-1.91s-.062-1.11-1.106-1.11c-.99 0-1.275.694-1.193 1.294.034.252.143.487.275.648 0 0 1.985 2.401 2.295 2.76l-1.324.006c-.302 0-.634-.02-.951.083-.328.106-.616.3-.842.561-.418.483-.595 1.15-.558 1.79.038.661.249 1.354.717 1.834.425.435 1.101.643 1.693.643.928 0 1.612-.331 2.102-.797L5.317 6.82h2.288l1.05 1.39Z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg><span style="position:absolute;border:0;width:1px;height:1px;padding:0;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;clip:rect(0, 0, 0, 0);white-space:nowrap;word-wrap:normal"></span></span> <!-- -->From Everand</div><div class="title" data-e2e="doc-info-title">The Woman in Cabin 10</div><div class="_38nure" data-e2e="doc-info-author"><a class="Hv6j2r" href="https://www.everand.com/author/683814867/Ruth-Ware" target="_blank">Ruth Ware</a></div><div class="_16H48L"><div class="wrapper__static_stars _3FghFh"><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_halffill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_outline"></span><span class="visually_hidden">Rating: 3.5 out of 5 stars</span></div><div class="_1c33kx">3.5/5 (2522)</div></div></div></div></div></div></li><li class="wrapper__mono_document_list_item" data-e2e="document-list-item"><div class="view_wrapper"><div data-e2e="list-item-info" class="list_item_container"><a data-e2e="list-item-link" class="link" href="https://www.everand.com/book/387826985/Fear-Trump-in-the-White-House" target="_blank"><span class="visually_hidden">Fear: Trump in the White House</span></a><div class="thumbnail_and_info"><img src="https://imgv2-2-f.scribdassets.com/img/word_document/387826985/149x198/51575e1763/1702508736?v=1" srcSet="https://imgv2-1-f.scribdassets.com/img/word_document/387826985/298x396/3d168969ec/1702508736?v=1 2x" alt="Fear: Trump in the White House" aria-label="book" class="thumbnail_img"/><div class="doc_info"><div class="crossLinkHeading"><span class="Icon-module_wrapper_LUeQrI"><svg width="12" height="12" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" role="img" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><path d="M8.654 8.21c.13-.441.159-.81.159-1.085 0-1.144-.67-1.899-.67-1.899h1.594c.182.382.32.97.32 1.783 0 .335-.1 1.206-.641 2.193l1.984 2.603H9.108l-.84-1.104C7.442 11.445 6.26 12 4.577 12 2.454 12 1 10.545 1 8.588c0-3.164 3.145-3.38 3.145-3.38l-.697-.803c-.944-1.104-.91-2.488-.287-3.343C3.725.288 4.485 0 5.634 0 7.991 0 8.44 2.17 8.44 2.17h-1.91s-.062-1.11-1.106-1.11c-.99 0-1.275.694-1.193 1.294.034.252.143.487.275.648 0 0 1.985 2.401 2.295 2.76l-1.324.006c-.302 0-.634-.02-.951.083-.328.106-.616.3-.842.561-.418.483-.595 1.15-.558 1.79.038.661.249 1.354.717 1.834.425.435 1.101.643 1.693.643.928 0 1.612-.331 2.102-.797L5.317 6.82h2.288l1.05 1.39Z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg><span style="position:absolute;border:0;width:1px;height:1px;padding:0;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;clip:rect(0, 0, 0, 0);white-space:nowrap;word-wrap:normal"></span></span> <!-- -->From Everand</div><div class="title" data-e2e="doc-info-title">Fear: Trump in the White House</div><div class="_38nure" data-e2e="doc-info-author"><a class="Hv6j2r" href="https://www.everand.com/author/683815807/Bob-Woodward" target="_blank">Bob Woodward</a></div><div class="_16H48L"><div class="wrapper__static_stars _3FghFh"><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_halffill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_outline"></span><span class="visually_hidden">Rating: 3.5 out of 5 stars</span></div><div class="_1c33kx">3.5/5 (738)</div></div></div></div></div></div></li><li class="wrapper__mono_document_list_item" data-e2e="document-list-item"><div class="view_wrapper"><div data-e2e="list-item-info" class="list_item_container"><a data-e2e="list-item-link" class="link" href="https://www.everand.com/book/182560283/Wolf-Hall-A-Novel" target="_blank"><span class="visually_hidden">Wolf Hall: A Novel</span></a><div class="thumbnail_and_info"><img src="https://imgv2-1-f.scribdassets.com/img/word_document/182560283/149x198/0601b1931c/1701145155?v=1" srcSet="https://imgv2-1-f.scribdassets.com/img/word_document/182560283/298x396/f6a21d4103/1701145155?v=1 2x" alt="Wolf Hall: A Novel" aria-label="book" class="thumbnail_img"/><div class="doc_info"><div class="crossLinkHeading"><span class="Icon-module_wrapper_LUeQrI"><svg width="12" height="12" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" role="img" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><path d="M8.654 8.21c.13-.441.159-.81.159-1.085 0-1.144-.67-1.899-.67-1.899h1.594c.182.382.32.97.32 1.783 0 .335-.1 1.206-.641 2.193l1.984 2.603H9.108l-.84-1.104C7.442 11.445 6.26 12 4.577 12 2.454 12 1 10.545 1 8.588c0-3.164 3.145-3.38 3.145-3.38l-.697-.803c-.944-1.104-.91-2.488-.287-3.343C3.725.288 4.485 0 5.634 0 7.991 0 8.44 2.17 8.44 2.17h-1.91s-.062-1.11-1.106-1.11c-.99 0-1.275.694-1.193 1.294.034.252.143.487.275.648 0 0 1.985 2.401 2.295 2.76l-1.324.006c-.302 0-.634-.02-.951.083-.328.106-.616.3-.842.561-.418.483-.595 1.15-.558 1.79.038.661.249 1.354.717 1.834.425.435 1.101.643 1.693.643.928 0 1.612-.331 2.102-.797L5.317 6.82h2.288l1.05 1.39Z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg><span style="position:absolute;border:0;width:1px;height:1px;padding:0;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;clip:rect(0, 0, 0, 0);white-space:nowrap;word-wrap:normal"></span></span> <!-- -->From Everand</div><div class="title" data-e2e="doc-info-title">Wolf Hall: A Novel</div><div class="_38nure" data-e2e="doc-info-author"><a class="Hv6j2r" href="https://www.everand.com/author/684981840/Hilary-Mantel" target="_blank">Hilary Mantel</a></div><div class="_16H48L"><div class="wrapper__static_stars _3FghFh"><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_outline"></span><span class="visually_hidden">Rating: 4 out of 5 stars</span></div><div class="_1c33kx">4/5 (3811)</div></div></div></div></div></div></li><li class="wrapper__mono_document_list_item" data-e2e="document-list-item"><div class="view_wrapper"><div data-e2e="list-item-info" class="list_item_container"><a data-e2e="list-item-link" class="link" href="https://www.everand.com/book/224419023/John-Adams" target="_blank"><span class="visually_hidden">John Adams</span></a><div class="thumbnail_and_info"><img src="https://imgv2-1-f.scribdassets.com/img/word_document/224419023/149x198/7e946216e0/1695045625?v=1" srcSet="https://imgv2-1-f.scribdassets.com/img/word_document/224419023/298x396/08758c4819/1695045625?v=1 2x" alt="John Adams" aria-label="book" class="thumbnail_img"/><div class="doc_info"><div class="crossLinkHeading"><span class="Icon-module_wrapper_LUeQrI"><svg width="12" height="12" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" role="img" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><path d="M8.654 8.21c.13-.441.159-.81.159-1.085 0-1.144-.67-1.899-.67-1.899h1.594c.182.382.32.97.32 1.783 0 .335-.1 1.206-.641 2.193l1.984 2.603H9.108l-.84-1.104C7.442 11.445 6.26 12 4.577 12 2.454 12 1 10.545 1 8.588c0-3.164 3.145-3.38 3.145-3.38l-.697-.803c-.944-1.104-.91-2.488-.287-3.343C3.725.288 4.485 0 5.634 0 7.991 0 8.44 2.17 8.44 2.17h-1.91s-.062-1.11-1.106-1.11c-.99 0-1.275.694-1.193 1.294.034.252.143.487.275.648 0 0 1.985 2.401 2.295 2.76l-1.324.006c-.302 0-.634-.02-.951.083-.328.106-.616.3-.842.561-.418.483-.595 1.15-.558 1.79.038.661.249 1.354.717 1.834.425.435 1.101.643 1.693.643.928 0 1.612-.331 2.102-.797L5.317 6.82h2.288l1.05 1.39Z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg><span style="position:absolute;border:0;width:1px;height:1px;padding:0;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;clip:rect(0, 0, 0, 0);white-space:nowrap;word-wrap:normal"></span></span> <!-- -->From Everand</div><div class="title" data-e2e="doc-info-title">John Adams</div><div class="_38nure" data-e2e="doc-info-author"><a class="Hv6j2r" href="https://www.everand.com/author/683814315/David-McCullough" target="_blank">David McCullough</a></div><div class="_16H48L"><div class="wrapper__static_stars _3FghFh"><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_halffill light_lit"></span><span class="visually_hidden">Rating: 4.5 out of 5 stars</span></div><div class="_1c33kx">4.5/5 (2409)</div></div></div></div></div></div></li><li class="wrapper__mono_document_list_item" data-e2e="document-list-item"><div class="view_wrapper"><div data-e2e="list-item-info" class="list_item_container"><a data-e2e="list-item-link" class="link" href="https://www.everand.com/book/423387462/On-Fire-The-Burning-Case-for-a-Green-New-Deal" target="_blank"><span class="visually_hidden">On Fire: The (Burning) Case for a Green New Deal</span></a><div class="thumbnail_and_info"><img src="https://imgv2-2-f.scribdassets.com/img/word_document/423387462/149x198/8447b35521/1715002460?v=1" srcSet="https://imgv2-2-f.scribdassets.com/img/word_document/423387462/298x396/a2fe7cb5cf/1715002460?v=1 2x" alt="On Fire: The (Burning) Case for a Green New Deal" aria-label="book" class="thumbnail_img"/><div class="doc_info"><div class="crossLinkHeading"><span class="Icon-module_wrapper_LUeQrI"><svg width="12" height="12" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" role="img" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><path d="M8.654 8.21c.13-.441.159-.81.159-1.085 0-1.144-.67-1.899-.67-1.899h1.594c.182.382.32.97.32 1.783 0 .335-.1 1.206-.641 2.193l1.984 2.603H9.108l-.84-1.104C7.442 11.445 6.26 12 4.577 12 2.454 12 1 10.545 1 8.588c0-3.164 3.145-3.38 3.145-3.38l-.697-.803c-.944-1.104-.91-2.488-.287-3.343C3.725.288 4.485 0 5.634 0 7.991 0 8.44 2.17 8.44 2.17h-1.91s-.062-1.11-1.106-1.11c-.99 0-1.275.694-1.193 1.294.034.252.143.487.275.648 0 0 1.985 2.401 2.295 2.76l-1.324.006c-.302 0-.634-.02-.951.083-.328.106-.616.3-.842.561-.418.483-.595 1.15-.558 1.79.038.661.249 1.354.717 1.834.425.435 1.101.643 1.693.643.928 0 1.612-.331 2.102-.797L5.317 6.82h2.288l1.05 1.39Z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg><span style="position:absolute;border:0;width:1px;height:1px;padding:0;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;clip:rect(0, 0, 0, 0);white-space:nowrap;word-wrap:normal"></span></span> <!-- -->From Everand</div><div class="title" data-e2e="doc-info-title">On Fire: The (Burning) Case for a Green New Deal</div><div class="_38nure" data-e2e="doc-info-author"><a class="Hv6j2r" href="https://www.everand.com/author/684364153/Naomi-Klein" target="_blank">Naomi Klein</a></div><div class="_16H48L"><div class="wrapper__static_stars _3FghFh"><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_outline"></span><span class="visually_hidden">Rating: 4 out of 5 stars</span></div><div class="_1c33kx">4/5 (74)</div></div></div></div></div></div></li><li class="wrapper__mono_document_list_item" data-e2e="document-list-item"><div class="view_wrapper"><div data-e2e="list-item-info" class="list_item_container"><a data-e2e="list-item-link" class="link" href="https://www.everand.com/book/224306619/The-Light-Between-Oceans-A-Novel" target="_blank"><span class="visually_hidden">The Light Between Oceans: A Novel</span></a><div class="thumbnail_and_info"><img src="https://imgv2-2-f.scribdassets.com/img/word_document/224306619/149x198/5a300f585d/1710925558?v=1" srcSet="https://imgv2-1-f.scribdassets.com/img/word_document/224306619/298x396/21c3e990fc/1710925558?v=1 2x" alt="The Light Between Oceans: A Novel" aria-label="book" class="thumbnail_img"/><div class="doc_info"><div class="crossLinkHeading"><span class="Icon-module_wrapper_LUeQrI"><svg width="12" height="12" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" role="img" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><path d="M8.654 8.21c.13-.441.159-.81.159-1.085 0-1.144-.67-1.899-.67-1.899h1.594c.182.382.32.97.32 1.783 0 .335-.1 1.206-.641 2.193l1.984 2.603H9.108l-.84-1.104C7.442 11.445 6.26 12 4.577 12 2.454 12 1 10.545 1 8.588c0-3.164 3.145-3.38 3.145-3.38l-.697-.803c-.944-1.104-.91-2.488-.287-3.343C3.725.288 4.485 0 5.634 0 7.991 0 8.44 2.17 8.44 2.17h-1.91s-.062-1.11-1.106-1.11c-.99 0-1.275.694-1.193 1.294.034.252.143.487.275.648 0 0 1.985 2.401 2.295 2.76l-1.324.006c-.302 0-.634-.02-.951.083-.328.106-.616.3-.842.561-.418.483-.595 1.15-.558 1.79.038.661.249 1.354.717 1.834.425.435 1.101.643 1.693.643.928 0 1.612-.331 2.102-.797L5.317 6.82h2.288l1.05 1.39Z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg><span style="position:absolute;border:0;width:1px;height:1px;padding:0;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;clip:rect(0, 0, 0, 0);white-space:nowrap;word-wrap:normal"></span></span> <!-- -->From Everand</div><div class="title" data-e2e="doc-info-title">The Light Between Oceans: A Novel</div><div class="_38nure" data-e2e="doc-info-author"><a class="Hv6j2r" href="https://www.everand.com/author/685040006/M-L-Stedman" target="_blank">M.L. Stedman</a></div><div class="_16H48L"><div class="wrapper__static_stars _3FghFh"><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_halffill light_lit"></span><span class="visually_hidden">Rating: 4.5 out of 5 stars</span></div><div class="_1c33kx">4.5/5 (789)</div></div></div></div></div></div></li><li class="wrapper__mono_document_list_item" data-e2e="document-list-item"><div class="view_wrapper"><div data-e2e="list-item-info" class="list_item_container"><a data-e2e="list-item-link" class="link" href="https://www.everand.com/book/359457348/Manhattan-Beach-A-Novel" target="_blank"><span class="visually_hidden">Manhattan Beach: A Novel</span></a><div class="thumbnail_and_info"><img src="https://imgv2-1-f.scribdassets.com/img/word_document/359457348/149x198/a54d82062c/1666150267?v=1" srcSet="https://imgv2-2-f.scribdassets.com/img/word_document/359457348/298x396/ace0ab76b6/1666150267?v=1 2x" alt="Manhattan Beach: A Novel" aria-label="book" class="thumbnail_img"/><div class="doc_info"><div class="crossLinkHeading"><span class="Icon-module_wrapper_LUeQrI"><svg width="12" height="12" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" role="img" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><path d="M8.654 8.21c.13-.441.159-.81.159-1.085 0-1.144-.67-1.899-.67-1.899h1.594c.182.382.32.97.32 1.783 0 .335-.1 1.206-.641 2.193l1.984 2.603H9.108l-.84-1.104C7.442 11.445 6.26 12 4.577 12 2.454 12 1 10.545 1 8.588c0-3.164 3.145-3.38 3.145-3.38l-.697-.803c-.944-1.104-.91-2.488-.287-3.343C3.725.288 4.485 0 5.634 0 7.991 0 8.44 2.17 8.44 2.17h-1.91s-.062-1.11-1.106-1.11c-.99 0-1.275.694-1.193 1.294.034.252.143.487.275.648 0 0 1.985 2.401 2.295 2.76l-1.324.006c-.302 0-.634-.02-.951.083-.328.106-.616.3-.842.561-.418.483-.595 1.15-.558 1.79.038.661.249 1.354.717 1.834.425.435 1.101.643 1.693.643.928 0 1.612-.331 2.102-.797L5.317 6.82h2.288l1.05 1.39Z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg><span style="position:absolute;border:0;width:1px;height:1px;padding:0;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;clip:rect(0, 0, 0, 0);white-space:nowrap;word-wrap:normal"></span></span> <!-- -->From Everand</div><div class="title" data-e2e="doc-info-title">Manhattan Beach: A Novel</div><div class="_38nure" data-e2e="doc-info-author"><a class="Hv6j2r" href="https://www.everand.com/author/442472030/Jennifer-Egan" target="_blank">Jennifer Egan</a></div><div class="_16H48L"><div class="wrapper__static_stars _3FghFh"><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_halffill 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class="Icon-module_wrapper_LUeQrI"><svg width="12" height="12" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" role="img" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><path d="M8.654 8.21c.13-.441.159-.81.159-1.085 0-1.144-.67-1.899-.67-1.899h1.594c.182.382.32.97.32 1.783 0 .335-.1 1.206-.641 2.193l1.984 2.603H9.108l-.84-1.104C7.442 11.445 6.26 12 4.577 12 2.454 12 1 10.545 1 8.588c0-3.164 3.145-3.38 3.145-3.38l-.697-.803c-.944-1.104-.91-2.488-.287-3.343C3.725.288 4.485 0 5.634 0 7.991 0 8.44 2.17 8.44 2.17h-1.91s-.062-1.11-1.106-1.11c-.99 0-1.275.694-1.193 1.294.034.252.143.487.275.648 0 0 1.985 2.401 2.295 2.76l-1.324.006c-.302 0-.634-.02-.951.083-.328.106-.616.3-.842.561-.418.483-.595 1.15-.558 1.79.038.661.249 1.354.717 1.834.425.435 1.101.643 1.693.643.928 0 1.612-.331 2.102-.797L5.317 6.82h2.288l1.05 1.39Z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg><span style="position:absolute;border:0;width:1px;height:1px;padding:0;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;clip:rect(0, 0, 0, 0);white-space:nowrap;word-wrap:normal"></span></span> <!-- -->From Everand</div><div class="title" data-e2e="doc-info-title">The Constant Gardener: A Novel</div><div class="_38nure" data-e2e="doc-info-author"><a class="Hv6j2r" href="https://www.everand.com/author/685258256/John-le-Carre" target="_blank">John le Carré</a></div><div class="_16H48L"><div class="wrapper__static_stars _3FghFh"><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_halffill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_outline"></span><span class="visually_hidden">Rating: 3.5 out of 5 stars</span></div><div class="_1c33kx">3.5/5 (104)</div></div></div></div></div></div></li><li class="wrapper__mono_document_list_item" data-e2e="document-list-item"><div class="view_wrapper"><div data-e2e="list-item-info" class="list_item_container"><a data-e2e="list-item-link" class="link" href="https://www.everand.com/book/212863738/The-Unwinding-An-Inner-History-of-the-New-America" target="_blank"><span class="visually_hidden">The Unwinding: An Inner History of the New America</span></a><div class="thumbnail_and_info"><img src="https://imgv2-1-f.scribdassets.com/img/word_document/212863738/149x198/486257e90d/1714630079?v=1" srcSet="https://imgv2-2-f.scribdassets.com/img/word_document/212863738/298x396/40684a0550/1714630079?v=1 2x" alt="The Unwinding: An Inner History of the New America" aria-label="book" class="thumbnail_img"/><div class="doc_info"><div class="crossLinkHeading"><span class="Icon-module_wrapper_LUeQrI"><svg width="12" height="12" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" role="img" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><path d="M8.654 8.21c.13-.441.159-.81.159-1.085 0-1.144-.67-1.899-.67-1.899h1.594c.182.382.32.97.32 1.783 0 .335-.1 1.206-.641 2.193l1.984 2.603H9.108l-.84-1.104C7.442 11.445 6.26 12 4.577 12 2.454 12 1 10.545 1 8.588c0-3.164 3.145-3.38 3.145-3.38l-.697-.803c-.944-1.104-.91-2.488-.287-3.343C3.725.288 4.485 0 5.634 0 7.991 0 8.44 2.17 8.44 2.17h-1.91s-.062-1.11-1.106-1.11c-.99 0-1.275.694-1.193 1.294.034.252.143.487.275.648 0 0 1.985 2.401 2.295 2.76l-1.324.006c-.302 0-.634-.02-.951.083-.328.106-.616.3-.842.561-.418.483-.595 1.15-.558 1.79.038.661.249 1.354.717 1.834.425.435 1.101.643 1.693.643.928 0 1.612-.331 2.102-.797L5.317 6.82h2.288l1.05 1.39Z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg><span style="position:absolute;border:0;width:1px;height:1px;padding:0;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;clip:rect(0, 0, 0, 0);white-space:nowrap;word-wrap:normal"></span></span> <!-- -->From Everand</div><div class="title" data-e2e="doc-info-title">The Unwinding: An Inner History of the New America</div><div class="_38nure" data-e2e="doc-info-author"><a class="Hv6j2r" href="https://www.everand.com/author/681650763/George-Packer" 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0-.634-.02-.951.083-.328.106-.616.3-.842.561-.418.483-.595 1.15-.558 1.79.038.661.249 1.354.717 1.834.425.435 1.101.643 1.693.643.928 0 1.612-.331 2.102-.797L5.317 6.82h2.288l1.05 1.39Z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg><span style="position:absolute;border:0;width:1px;height:1px;padding:0;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;clip:rect(0, 0, 0, 0);white-space:nowrap;word-wrap:normal"></span></span> <!-- -->From Everand</div><div class="title" data-e2e="doc-info-title">Rise of ISIS: A Threat We Can't Ignore</div><div class="_38nure" data-e2e="doc-info-author"><a class="Hv6j2r" href="https://www.everand.com/author/690084409/Jay-Sekulow" target="_blank">Jay Sekulow</a></div><div class="_16H48L"><div class="wrapper__static_stars _3FghFh"><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_halffill 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xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" role="img" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><path d="M8.654 8.21c.13-.441.159-.81.159-1.085 0-1.144-.67-1.899-.67-1.899h1.594c.182.382.32.97.32 1.783 0 .335-.1 1.206-.641 2.193l1.984 2.603H9.108l-.84-1.104C7.442 11.445 6.26 12 4.577 12 2.454 12 1 10.545 1 8.588c0-3.164 3.145-3.38 3.145-3.38l-.697-.803c-.944-1.104-.91-2.488-.287-3.343C3.725.288 4.485 0 5.634 0 7.991 0 8.44 2.17 8.44 2.17h-1.91s-.062-1.11-1.106-1.11c-.99 0-1.275.694-1.193 1.294.034.252.143.487.275.648 0 0 1.985 2.401 2.295 2.76l-1.324.006c-.302 0-.634-.02-.951.083-.328.106-.616.3-.842.561-.418.483-.595 1.15-.558 1.79.038.661.249 1.354.717 1.834.425.435 1.101.643 1.693.643.928 0 1.612-.331 2.102-.797L5.317 6.82h2.288l1.05 1.39Z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg><span style="position:absolute;border:0;width:1px;height:1px;padding:0;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;clip:rect(0, 0, 0, 0);white-space:nowrap;word-wrap:normal"></span></span> <!-- -->From Everand</div><div class="title" 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