Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Chaos Theory
Chaos Theory
theory
for a bit, and spend some time using what we’ve learned so far to investi-
gate something interesting. We’ll start with something familiar: the simple
This motion is more realistic, but eventually everything just stops, which
is boring. Let’s add in a driving term as well, just to keep things going.
g
✓¨ = sin ✓ ✓˙ + A cos(!t) (5.3)
L
5.1 Phase Space 113
A damped,
Figure 5.3: Adriven
damped,pendulum. Here AHere
driven pendulum. = 1.5,
A =ω1.5,
= 0.667, and
! = 0.9, andβ = 0.5.
= 0.5.
helpful to “wrap” the data: any time the data is more than ⇡ (or less than
⇡) we subtract (add) 2⇡ so that the data range is limited to the range ±⇡.
Data
Figure 5.4: Same “wrapped”
calculation as for to the
figure range
5.3, {−πdata
but with : π}“wrapped” to
the range { ⇡ : ⇡}
Although a phase plot lacks the time information of the type of plots
we’ve been using so far, it gives additional insight into the overall long-term
Plots of position (and velocity) vs. time, with corresponding phase plot.
These two plots
Figure 5.5:show
Plotsthe same system,
of position undergoing
(and velocity) the
vs. time, same
with motion.
corresponding
phase plot. These two plots show the same system, undergoing the same
motion.
116 Chaos
Period-doubling
Figure in a driven
5.7: Period-doubling damped
in a driven damped pendulum.
pendulum.
E r i c Ayars
Poincare plot for the damped driven pendulum in chaotic motion,
Figure 5.9: Poincaré plot for the damped driven pendulum in chaotic motion,
at phase angle 0.
at phase angle 0.
# a c t u a l l y , j u s t i n s i s t t h a t omega = 1 . l e a v e i t o u t o f c a l c u l a t i o n s b e l o w .
beta = 0.5 # damping f a c t o r
amp = 1 . 2 # Driving torque amplitude