Q1 Explain the various automated systems for transfer of materials in the

production plant? Illustrate your answer by considering an example of an

automobile showroom?

A.1

Basically, automation system comes to reduce labour power and time in the production.
Here we can see the evolution systems with some examples. The goods requited by
society were produces in small quantities by craftsman who would know the need of the
community and produced them by their own hands with simple tools. The apprentices or
by another craftsman, who would make them to meet the requests made. The parts and
components used to make these machines had to be replaced when they wore making
parts so that interchangeability was achieved made setting up standards and
specifications important for meeting. The craftsmen gave way to engineers, workers,
superiors and inspectors. Division of labour became necessary to achieve efficiencies
and the jabs that became specialized. Competition has necessitated improved quality,
reduced sates and better services to the customer. Automation systems cost huge sums
of money and therefore a deep analysis of the various factors has to be done. For
services, automation usually means labour saving devices in education, long distance
learning technology helps in supplementing class room instruction. The facilitating goods
that are used are web site and videos. Automation in the banking sector has resulted in
ATMs which same the banks a huge amount customer satisfaction. Automation is ideas
when the service provided or the product manufactured is highly standardized. Some
extent of automation can be designed even with customization i. e. product or service a
meant to produce or deliver low volume specific to a requirement. The advantage of
automation is it has low variability and will be more consistent on a repetitive basis. The
machines have sensing and control devices that enable them to operate automobile. The
simplest of them called machine attachments replace human effort. They guide, locate,
move and achieve revise position by means of came, optical sensing. Load sensing
mechanisms and activate the controls to remove human intention. Robots are higher in
the order of automation as they perform a variety of tasks. They are designed to move
movements according to programmers written into the computer that inside them. With
the help of automation, inspection of component can be done 100% ensures highest
quality identification and movement of materials are helped by bar codes which are read
and fed into the system far monitoring quantity, location, movement etc. They help the
automated systems to start information and provide information for effecting any
changes necessary. To make effective use of automated machines, we need to have the
movement of materials from and to different time as stores, automated, Automated
storage and Retrieval systems- ASRS- receive orders for materials from anywhere in the
production area, collect materials in the works times. Computers and information
systems are used for placing orders for matters, give commands adjust inventory records
which show the location and quantity of materials needed. Automated guided vehicle
systems- AGVS – are pallet trucks and unit load carriers follow embedded guide wires or
paint strips to destinations as programmed.
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Roll No. 520964579 Page 1 of 7
Q.2 State the important considerations for locating an automobile plant? Collect
information on layout planning of an automobile plant from various sources
and furnish the same.

A.2

To locate an automobile company or plant many thing should be consider. For an

automobile plant automated flaw lines, automated assembly lines, flexible manufacturing
systems, global transition rapid prototyping. Building manufacturing flexibility things are
necessity. About the automated flow lines we can say it is a machine which is linked by a
transfer system which moves the parts by using handling machines which are also
automated, we have an automated flow line. Human intervention ma is needed to verify
that the operations ate taking place according to standards. When these cab be
achieved with the help of automation and the processes are conducted with self
regulation, we will have automated flow lines established. In fixed automation or hard
automation, where one component is manufactured using services operations and
machines it is possible to achieve this condition. We assume that product life cycles are
sufficiently stable to interest heavily on the automate flow lines to achieve reduces cast
per unit. Product layouts ate designed so that the assembly tasks are performed in the
sequence they are designed at each station continuously. The finished item came out at
the end of the line. In automated assembly lines the moving pallets move the materials
from station to station and moving arms pick up parts, place them at specified place and
system them by perusing, riveting, & crewing or even welding. Sensors will keep track of
there activities and move the assembles to the next stage. The machines are arranged in
a sequence to perform operations according to the technical requirements. The tools are
loaded, movements are effected, speeds controlled automatically without the need for
worker’s involvement. The flexibility leads to better utilization of the equipments. It
reduces the numbers of systems and rids in reduction of investment as well as a space
needed to install them. One of the major cancers of modern manufacturing systems is to
be able to respond to market demands which have uncertainties. Prototyping is a
process by which a new product is developed in small number so as to determine the
suitability of the materials, study the various methods of manufactured, type of
machinery required and develop techniques to over come problems that my be
encountered when full scale manufacture is undertaken. Prototypes do meet the
specification of the component that enters a product and performance can be measured
on these. It helps in con be reforming the design and any shortcomings can be rectified
at low cost. Flexibility has three dimensions in the manufacturing field. They are variety,
volume and time. There demands will have to be satisfied. In that sense they become
constraints which restrict the maximization of productivity. Every business will have to
meet the market demands of its various products in variety volumes of different time.
Flexibility is also needed to be able to develop new products or make improvements in
the products fast enough to cater to shifting marker needs.
Q.3 Who are the players in a project management? What are the various roles
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Roll No. 520964579 Page 2 of 7
 and responsibilities of the players in a project management?

A.3

At first we will discuss about project management then we will discuss about players in
project management.

Project management is the practice of controlling the use of resources, such as cost,
time manpower, hardware and software involved in a project. That starts with a problem
statement and end with delivery of a complete product.

In the project management players individual and organizations both are involved:

That is actively involved in the project whose interests may be affected by the outcome
of the project. Exert influence over the project and its results players or also called “stake
holders’’ of the project.

Project manager: the individual responsible for managing the project.

Customer- the individual or organization that will use the product- the end result of the
project.

Performing organization- the enterprise whose employees are mast directly involved in
doing the work of the project.

Sponsors: the individual or group within or external to the performing organization that
funds the project.

Now, we will define the role and responsibilities of project management. Here are some
roles and responsibilities:

There are number of projects which an organization works on. It is not possible for one
individual to manage all the projects. There is a team of mangers who manage the
projects. There may be different teams working different projects. An experienced project
manager and this team may manage more than one project at a time.

The project team is responsible for ensuring that the project upon completion shall
deliver the gain in the business for which it is intended for.

1) the project team has to properly co-ordinate with each other working on different
aspects of the project.

2) the team members are responsible for the completion of the project as per the
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Roll No. 520964579 Page 3 of 7
 plans of the project.

Characteristics of project mindset: - some of the characteristics of project mindset are

the following –

Time - it is possible to improve the pace of the project by reducing the time frame of the
process. The mindset is normally to work in a comfort made by stretching the time limits.

Responsiveness – it refers to quickness of response of an individual. The vibrancy and

livens of an individual or an organization are proportional to its capability of evolving
process and structure for superior responsiveness time constant.

Information sharing – information is owner information is the matter key to today’s

business. Information sharing is the characteristic of the project mindset today.

Process – project mindset lays emphasis on flexible process. The major difference in a
process and a system is in its capabilities of providing flexibility to different situational
encounters. Flexible process possesses greater capabilities of adaptability.

Structured planning – structure planning based a project management life cycle enables
one to easily and conveniently work according to the plan.

Q.4 What are the various steps in project monitoring and controlling a project?

A.4

Any project aimed at delivering a product or a service has to go through phases in a

planned manner in order to meet the requirements. It only by careful monitoring of the
project progress. It required establishing control factors to keep the project on the track
of progress. The results of any stage in a project, depends on the inputs to that stage. It
is therefore necessary to control all the inputs and the corresponding outputs from a
stage. A project management may use certain standard trolls to keep the project on
track. The project manager and the team members should be fully aware of the
techniques and methods to rectify the factors influencing delay of the project and its
product. The methodology of PERT (programmer Evolution Review Technique) and
CPM (critical path method) may be used to analyze the project. In the PERT method one
car find out the variance and use the variance to analyze the various probabilistic
estimates pertaining to the project. Using the CPM one can estimate the start time and
the finish time for every event of the project in its WBS (work Breakdown Structure).

The analysis charts can be used to monitor, control, track and execute a project. Typical
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PERT/ CPM exercise of a project are worked out at the end of this sub unit- 9.2. The
various steps involved in monitoring and controlling a project from start to end are as
follows-

1. Preliminary work- the team members understand the project plans, project stage
schedule, progress controls, tracking the duels. Summary of the members have to
understand the tolerances in any change and maintain a change control log. They must
realize the need and importance of quality for which they have to follow strictly quality
agendas. They must understand the stage status reposes, stage and reports, stage end
approval reports.

2. Project progress- The members must keep a track of the project progress and
communication the same to other related members of the project. They must monitor
and control project progress, through the use of regular check points, quality charts.
Statistical tables, control the quality factors which are likely to deviate from expected
values as any deviation may result in change to the stage she duel

3. Stage control- The manager must establish a project check paint cycle. For this
suitable stage version control procedure may be followed.

4. Resources- Plan the resources required for various stage of the project. Brief both the
project team and the key resources about the objectives of every stage, planned
activities, products, organization. Metrics and project controls.

5. Quality control- This is very important in any project: Quality control is possible if the
project member’s follow-

a) Schedule quality review, Agenda for quality review, conduct quality review and
follow up.

6. Progress control- It is the main part at assessment-

Progress control assesses- monitor performance, update schedule, update casts, Re-
plan stage schedule, conduct team status review etc.
Along with we create status report, create flash reports, project status reports etc.

7. Approvals - lastly, project sage reviews and the decisions taken and actions planned
need to be approved by the top management. The goals of such review are to improve
quality by finding defects and to improve productivity by finding defects in a cost effective
manner. The group review progress includes several stage like planning, preparation
and overview, a group review meeting and rework recommendation and follow-up.

Q.5 Explain the necessity and objectives of SCM?

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Submitted By: Saurabh Joshi MBA 2nd Sem
Roll No. 520964579 Page 5 of 7
A.5

SCM is the abbreviation of supply chain Management. It is considered by many express

worldwide as the ultimate solution towards efficient enterprise management.

1) The necessity and objectives of SCM: SCM is required by and enterprise as a tow
to enhance management effectiveness with a following organizational objective:

a) Reduction of inventory.

b) Enactment in functional effectiveness of existing systems like ERP, Accounting.

Software and Documentation like financial reports statements ISO 9000
Documents etc.

c) Enhancement of participation level and empowerment level

d) Effective integration of multiple systems like ERP, communication systems,

documentation system and secure, Design R&D systems etc.

e) Better utilization of resources- men, material, equipment and money.

f) Optimization of money flow cycle within the organization as well as to and from
external agencies.

g) Enhancement of value of products, operations and services and consequently,

enhancements of profitability.

h) Enhancement of satisfaction level of customer and clients, supporting institutions,

statutory control agencies, supporting institutions, statutory control agencies,
suppliers and vendors, employees and executives.

i) Enhancement of flexibility in the organization to help in easy implementation of

schemes involving modernization, expansion and divestment, merges and
acquisitions.

j) Enhancement of coverage and accuracy of management information systems.

With the objectives of SCM its implementation are required. Implementation is in the
form of various functional blocks of an organization interpenetrated through which a
smooth flow of the product development is possible.
Q.6 What are the steps involved in SCM implementation?

A.6

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Submitted By: Saurabh Joshi MBA 2nd Sem
Roll No. 520964579 Page 6 of 7
There are many steps which involved in SCM implementation are- Business Process,
sales and marketing. Logistics, costing, demand planning, trade- off analysis,
environmental requirement, process stability, integrated supply, supplier management,
product design, suppliers, customers, material specifications, etc.

Some important aspect of SCM-

The level of competition existing in the market and the impact of competitive forces on
the product development. Designing and working on a strategic logic for better growth
through value invention. Working out new value curve in the product development along
with necessary break point. Using it to analyses markets and the economies in product
design. Tine, customer, quality of product and the concept of survival of fittest.

Steps of SCM principals:

1) Group customer by need: Effective SCM groups, customer by tietinct service
needs those particular segment.

2) Customize the logistics networks: In designing their logistics network, companies

need to focus on the service requirement and profit potential of the customer
segments identified.

3) Listen to signals of market demand and plan accordingly- sales and operations
planners must monitor the entire supply chain to detect early warning signals of
changing customer demand and needs.

4) Differentiate the product closer to the customer-companies today no longer can

afford to stock pile inventory to compensate for possible forecasting errors,
instead, they need to postpone product differentiation in the manufacturing.
Process closer to actual customer demand.

5) Strategically manage the source of supply-by working closely with their key
suppliers to reduce the overall casts of owning materials and services; SCM
maximizes profit margins both for themselves, and their supplies.

6) Develop a supply chain wide technology strategy- as one of the cornerstones of

successful SCM information technology must be able to support multiple levels of
decision making.

7) Adopt channel spanning performance measures- Excellent supply performance

measurement systems do more than just monitor internal functions. They apply
performance criteria that embrace bathe service and financial metrics

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Submitted By: Saurabh Joshi MBA 2nd Sem
Roll No. 520964579 Page 7 of 7