Esperanto

Alphabet: (Each vowel gets its own syllable. Emphasis on the next-to-last syllable)

A (father) B (boy) C (mats) Ĉ (child) D (dog) E (elephant) F (fox)

G (go) Ĝ (joy) H (hat) Ĥ (loch) I (free) J (yes) Ĵ (treasure)
K (kite) L (lion) M (man) N (no) O (on) P (please) R (Betty, Or)
S (say) Ŝ (shoe) T (too) U (too) Ŭ (way) V (very) Z (zoo)
Correlatives:
ki- (question) ti- (that) i-( some) ĉi- (every) Neni- (none)
-o (thing) Kio Tio Io Ĉio Nenio
(what) (that) (something) (everything) (nothing)
-u (individual) Kiu Tiu Iu Ĉiu Neniu
(which, who) (that one) (someone) (everyone) (noone)
-a (kind) Kia Tia Ia Ĉia Nenia
(what kind) (that kind) (some kind) (all kinds) (no kind)
-e (place) Kie Tie Ie Ĉie Nenie
(where) (there) (somewhere) (everywhere) (nowhere)
-el (manner) Kiel Tiel Iel Ĉiel Neniel
(how) (in that way) (somehow) (in every way) (in no way)
-al (reason) Kial Tial Ial Ĉial Nenial
(why) (for that (for some (for all (for no reason)
reason) reason) reasons)
-am (time) Kiam Tiam Iam Ĉiam Neniam
(when) (then) (sometime) (always) (never)
-om (amount) Kiom Tiom Iom Ĉiom Neniom
(how much) (that much) (some (all of it) (none)
amount)
-es Kies Ties Ies Ĉies Nenies
(possession) (whose) (that person's) (someone's) (everyone's) (No one's)
Ĉi: this (usually with correlatives, so ĉi tie = here, and ĉi tiu = this one)
Ajn: any, -soever (with correlatives, so kio ajn = whatever, and ie ajn = anywhere)
Pronouns:
I: mi We: ni
You: vi You all: vi
He: li They: ili
She: ŝi (Reflexive – Last-mentioned person): si
It: ĝi Someone (not specific): oni
Word Endings:
-o: nouns -a: adjectives -e: adverbs -j: plural -n: direct object (accusative)
Verbs Indicative Active Passive Infinitive Command Conditional
Participle Participle
Past -is -inta -ita
-i -u -us
Present -as -anta -ata
Future -os -onta -ota
(Active participle = -ing, as in eating) (Passive participle = as in eaten)
(Conditinal = would [verb] – mostly used in if-then statements)
(Infinitive = to [verb], as in to be, to take, to try)
Prefixes and Suffixes:
-aĉ- gross, nasty
-adi, -ado frequent, repeated, or continual action
-aĵo a concrete manifestation; (with a noun root) a product
-ano a member, follower, participant, inhabitant
-aro a collective group without specific number
-ĉjo masculine affectionate form; the root is shortened
-ebla possible
-eco an abstract quality (-ness)
-eg- big; sometimes pejorative connotations when used with people
-ejo a place characterized by the root
-ema having a tendency
-enda mandatory
-ero the smallest part
-estro a leader, boss
-et- small; sometimes affectionate connotations when used with people
-io a country named after a geographic feature, and now after an ethnicity
-iĉo male [unofficial]
-ido an offspring, descendent
-igi to make, to cause
-iĝi to become
-ilo an instrument
-ino female
-inda worthy of
-ingo a holder, sheath
-ismo a doctrine, system (as in English)
-isto person professionally or avocationally occupied with an idea or activity
-njo feminine affectionate form; the root is shortened
-obla multiple
-ono fraction
-ope in a collective group of specific number
-ujo a (loose) container, country, a tree of a certain fruit
-ulo one characterized by the root
-um- undefined ad hoc suffix
bo- relation by marriage, -in-law
dis- separation, scattering
ek- beginning, sudden, or momentary action
eks- former, ex-
fi- shameful, nasty, disgusting, filthy
ge- both sexes together
mal- the opposite of
mis- incorrectly, awry
pra- great-(grand-), ancient
re- again
(See the Wikipedia article "Esperanto Vocabulary" for examples of these.)
Common words: root.ending (definition)
Salut.o.n (hello)
Dank.o.n (thanks)
Ne.dank.ind.e (you're welcome / no thanks needed)
Jes (yes)
Ne (no)
Ĉu (not translated - turns a statement into a yes or no question)
Kaj (and)
Ke (that [as in "so that," not when used to point something out])
La (the)
Al (to/toward)
Antaŭ (before)
De (of)
En (in, into)
Ĝis (until. Ĝis revido = until we see each other again)
Je (undefined preposition, when you don't know which one you need)
Kun (with)
Por (for)
Pri (about)
Sen (without)
Sur (on)
Aĉet.i (to buy)
Am.i (to love)
Don.i (to give)
Dorm.i (to sleep)
Est.i (to be)
Far.i (to do/make)
Ir.i (to go)
Hav.i (to have)
Komenc.i (to begin)
Labor.i (to work)
Lern.i (to learn)
Lud.i (to play)
Manĝ.i (to eat)
Pov.i (to be able)
Ŝat.i (to like)
Vend.i (to sell)
Vid.i (to see)
Vol.i (to want)
Hejm.o (home)
Mon.o (money)
Edz.o (husband/spouse)
Fil.o (son/child)
Frat.o (brother/sibling)
Patr.o (father/parent)

$ = dolaro

1 (unu), 2 (du), 3 (tri), 4 (kvar), 5 (kvin), 6 (ses), 7 (sep), 8 (ok), 9 (naŭ), 10 (dek), 11 (dek unu), 12
(dek du), ... , 20 (du-dek), 21 (du-dek unu), 22 (du-dek du), ... , 30 (tri-dek), ... , 100 (cent), 101
(cent unu), ... , 121 (cent du-dek unu), ... , 200 (du cent), ... , 1000 (mil)

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