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y = f ( x + vt ) > !
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# ' "). ' '- # ' =
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' " ' ∂2 y µ ∂2 y


") ' ' - "" ' 0 =
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∂x

: " " . ' '- " "" "/ '8 #


' . / '- # & < /1= K 2 < / 1α2* # $
' 1' " = B 20

∂y ∂y ∂α ∂α ∂2 y ∂y´ ∂α
= = y´ = y´ = = y´´
∂x ∂α ∂x ∂x ∂x 2 ∂α ∂x

∂y ∂y ∂α ∂α ∂2 y ∂y´ ∂y´ ∂α
= = y´ = −vy´ = −v = −v = v 2 y´´
∂t ∂α ∂t ∂t ∂t 2 ∂t ∂α ∂t
' '- " . / ' - & < !" 1G= BL 2
" "/ ' ' '- "
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∂ y 2
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y = A cos(kx + δ )
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δ<' " / "

cos kx1 = cos k ( x1 + λ ) → k λ = 2π 2π


K=
λ

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=5 # 4
= 5

y( x, t ) = A cos k ( x − vt) = A cos(kx − kvt) = A cos(kx − ωt ) ω = Kv

λ ω ω
v= = λf v=λ =
T 2π K
PQ
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y = A cos (kx −ωt )


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2 ω v=
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1 1
∆Ec = ( ∆m)v 2y = (µ∆x )
dy 1
= (µ∆x )ω 2 A2 sen 2 (kx −ωt ) v= µ
2 2 dt 2 κ

# ' "$ " , 3 7 " ' )& #


# &@ =* : "# . S " " # ) , 3 # 0

2
1 dy 1 2 1
∆E p = F ∆x = µv ∆xA2 k 2 sen 2 (kx − ωt ) = (µ∆x )ω 2 A2 sen 2 (kx − ωt ) = ∆Ec
2 dx 2 2

1
∆E = ∆EC + ∆EP = µω ∆xA sen (kx − ωt )
2 2 2 ∆Em = µω 2 A2 ∆x
2
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po = ρωvso ρ< "


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y1 = A cos(kx − ωt + Φ1 )

y 2 = A cos(kx − ωt + Φ 2 )

1 1
cos a + cos b = 2 cos ( a + b ) cos ( a − b )
2 2

y = y1 + y2 = A[(cos(kx − ωt + Φ1) + cos(kx − ωt + Φ2 )] = 2 Acos(δΦ)cos(kx − ωt + ∆Φ)


1
δΦ = (Φ1 − Φ 2 )
2
" - ' ' # &/ "
1
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# "' - L 2
# # "' - " - ' "
1 / ' 2

y = y1 + y2 = A[(cos(kx − ωt + Φ1) + cos(kx − ωt + Φ2 )] = 2 Acos(δΦ)cos(kx − ωt + ∆Φ)


1
"" = "0 / " ' / " δΦ = (Φ1 − Φ 2 )
2
1
∆Φ = (Φ1 + Φ 2 )
2
> "

Φ1 = Φ 2 δΦ = 0 → An = 2 A

/ ' " '


# # "' - " - ' "
1 / ' 2

y = y1 + y2 = A[(cos(kx − ωt + Φ1) + cos(kx − ωt + Φ2 )] = 2 Acos(δΦ)cos(kx − ωt + ∆Φ)


1
"" = "0 / " ' / " δΦ = (Φ1 − Φ 2 )
2
1
∆Φ = (Φ1 + Φ 2 )
/ " 2

π
π = Φ1 − Φ 2 δΦ = → An = 0
2

/ ' " '


: "' "1, "2
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# # "- # * "'- " ' # "
# "# ' $ #* # $ " " " " / "*
# / 3 =) # "- 1 % 2 " +0

p1 = po cos ω1t 1 1
cos a + cos b = 2 cos ( a + b ) cos ( a − b )
2 2
p2 = po cos ω2t
1 1
p = p1 + p2 = po [cosω1t + cosω2t ] = 2 po cos (ω1 − ω2 )t cos (ω1 + ω2 )t
2 2

∆ω ∆ω = ω1 − ω2
p = 2 po cos t cosωmt
2 ω +ω
ωm = 1 2
2
: "' "1, "2

∆ω
p = 2 po cos t cosωmt
2

∆ω = ω1 − ω2
ω +ω
ωm = 1 2
2

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∆ω ∆ω
# 2 po cos t "' ' / ' '
2 2
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" ' '' " # #$'- # " "

y1 = A cos(kx − ωt ) cos a + cos b = 2 cos


1 1
( a + b ) cos ( a − b )
2 2
y 2 = A cos(kx + ωt )
y = y1 + y2 = 2 A cos(ωt )cos(kx )

"' # " # & "# ' "+ "' # "* " # '
# #$'- " "- $%)" " "' "
# #$'-* 8 # ' " '

3 # 0 # #$'- ' /3# " = "* ! $


= " / 3* / 3 "+ / " ' ' ) ' ""
# ' " ' * " ' " # "/ ' ' "
"# '%
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y = y1 + y2 = 2 A cos(ωt )cos(kx )

: " . M=< 1
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: " . M=< π@ 1
- N # " π@ 2 8 & "' '-
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" " = " /3" 1


' " " "' 2

<
λ1 = 2 L

<
λ2 = L

<
2
λ3 = L
3

λ λ@

2
λn = L f n = nf1
n
! ! ! !

= /3 1 2& - 1 2

λ1 = 4 L
<

λ@F

4
<
<
λ2 = L
3

4L 2n − 1
λn = fn = f1
2n − 1 2

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