ρ air raksa = 13,6 g/ml

ρ air = 0,98 gr/ml

g/gc=980
1. Pipa Lurus Besar Bawah (Fitting no.4)
A. Pipa Lurus Besar Bawah (Fitting no.4)
Diameter dalam = 1,55 cm
Panjang pipa = 165 cm
Variabel Q(ml/s) v(cm/s) NRe R(cm) F f4
1 1 0.5305 93.701 0.3 3710.28 247.69296
2 2 1.061 187.402 0.5 6183.8 103.2054
3 2.5 1.326 234.208 0.3 3710.28 39.645818
4 3.5 1.856 327.821 0.3 3710.28 20.236178
5 4.5 2.387 421.61 0.3 3710.28 12.234313
6 22 11.671 2061.424 0.4 4947.04 0.6823497
7 24.5 12.997 2295.632 0.2 2473.52 0.2751104
8 25.5 13.527 2389.245 0.4 4947.04 0.5079491
9 27.5 14.58 2575.234 0.25 3091.9 0.2732676
10 28 14.854 2623.63 0.3 3710.28 0.3159349
11 34.5 18.302 3232.643 0.3 3710.28 0.2081073
12 39 20.689 3654.254 0.4 4947.04 0.2171422
13 39.5 20.954 3701.061 0.2 2473.52 0.1058423
14 46 24.403 4310.25 0.5 6183.8 0.1950953
15 48 25.464 4497.613 0.4 4947.04 0.1433408

B. Pipa Lurus Kecil Horizontal Bawah(Fitting No.7)

Panjang Pipa = 160 cm
Diameter dalam pipa = 0,672 cm
Variabel Q(ml/s) v(cm/s) NRe R(cm) F f7
1 1 2.8248587571 21.6318486 0.3 3710.28 3.9056426
2 2 5.6497175141 43.2636973 0.5 6183.8 1.6273511
3 2.5 7.0621468927 54.0796216 0.5 6183.8 1.0415047
4 3.5 9.8870056497 75.7114702 0.6 7420.56 0.6376559
5 4.5 12.7118644068 97.3433189 0.9 11130.84 0.5786137
6 22 62.1468926554 475.90067 1.3 16077.88 0.0349679
7 24.5 69.209039548 529.980292 2.2 27208.72 0.0477157
8 25.5 72.0338983051 551.61214 2.5 30919 0.0500531
9 27.5 77.6836158192 594.875838 2.5 30919 0.0430374
10 28 79.0960451977 605.691762 2.9 35866.04 0.0481563
11 34.5 97.4576271186 746.298778 3.8 46996.88 0.0415639
12 39 110.1694915254 843.642097 4.4 54417.44 0.0376612
13 39.5 111.581920904 854.458021 4.8 59364.48 0.0400515
14 46 129.9435028249 995.065037 6.5 80389.4 0.0399916
15 48 135.593220339 1038.32873 7.3 90283.48 0.0412488

C. Pipa Lurus Kecil Vertikal(Fitting No.8)

Panjang Pipa = 105 cm
Diameter dalam pipa = 0,672 cm
Variabel Q(ml/s) v(cm/s) NRe R(cm) ∆P F f8
 1 1 2.8248587571 21.6318486 0.2 2473.52 2368.52 3.7992122
2 2 5.6497175141 43.2636973 0.1 1236.76 1131.76 0.4538484
3 2.5 7.0621468927 54.0796216 0.1 1236.76 1131.76 0.290463
4 3.5 9.8870056497 75.7114702 0.2 2473.52 2368.52 0.3101398
5 4.5 12.7118644068 97.3433189 0.2 2473.52 2368.52 0.1876154
6 22 62.1468926554 475.90067 0.3 3710.28 3605.28 0.0119484
7 24.5 69.209039548 529.980292 1.5 18551.4 18446.4 0.0492942
8 25.5 72.0338983051 551.61214 1.8 22261.68 22156.68 0.0546564
9 27.5 77.6836158192 594.875838 1.7 21024.92 20919.92 0.0443722
10 28 79.0960451977 605.691762 1.9 23498.44 23393.44 0.0478624
11 34.5 97.4576271186 746.298778 2.7 33392.52 33287.52 0.04486
12 39 110.1694915254 843.642097 3 37102.8 36997.8 0.0390178
13 39.5 111.581920904 854.458021 3.6 44523.36 44418.36 0.0456651
14 46 129.9435028249 995.065037 5 61838 61733 0.046797
15 48 135.593220339 1038.32873 5.8 71732.08 71627.08 0.0498668

D. Pipa Lurus Kecil Horizontal Atas(Fitting No.9)

Panjang Pipa = 160 cm
Diameter dalam pipa = 0,672 cm
Variabel Q(ml/s) v(cm/s) NRe R(cm) ∆P F f9
1 1 2.8248587571 21.6318486 0.1 1236.76 1131.76 1.1913521
2 2 5.6497175141 43.2636973 0.1 1236.76 1131.76 0.297838
3 2.5 7.0621468927 54.0796216 0.1 1236.76 1131.76 0.1906163
4 3.5 9.8870056497 75.7114702 0.1 1236.76 1131.76 0.0972532
5 4.5 12.7118644068 97.3433189 0.1 1236.76 1131.76 0.0588322
6 22 62.1468926554 475.90067 0.7 8657.32 8552.32 0.0186005
7 24.5 69.209039548 529.980292 2.1 25971.96 25866.96 0.0453627
8 25.5 72.0338983051 551.61214 2.3 28445.48 28340.48 0.0458789
9 27.5 77.6836158192 594.875838 2.3 28445.48 28340.48 0.0394482
10 28 79.0960451977 605.691762 2.6 32155.76 32050.76 0.0430336
11 34.5 97.4576271186 746.298778 3.4 42049.84 41944.84 0.0370959
12 39 110.1694915254 843.642097 4.3 53180.68 53075.68 0.0367326
13 39.5 111.581920904 854.458021 4.6 56890.96 56785.96 0.0383118
14 46 129.9435028249 995.065037 6.6 81626.16 81521.16 0.0405546
15 48 135.593220339 1038.32873 7.4 91520.24 91415.24 0.0417659

2. Perhitungan Panjang Ekuivalen Praktis

A. Valve
Variabel Q(ml/s) v(cm/s) NRe R(cm) F f Le
1 1 0.5305 93.701 0.2 2473.52 247.693 110
2 2 1.061 187.402 0.1 1236.76 103.2054 33
3 2.5 1.326 234.208 0.2 2473.52 39.64582 110
4 3.5 1.856 327.821 0.15 1855.14 20.23618 82.499992
5 4.5 2.387 421.61 0.1 1236.76 12.23431 55.000015
6 22 11.671 2061.424 0.2 2473.52 0.68235 82.499969
7 24.5 12.997 2295.632 0.6 7420.56 0.27511 495.00064
8 25.5 13.527 2389.245 0.7 8657.32 0.507949 288.75005
9 27.5 14.58 2575.234 0.5 6183.8 0.273268 329.99952
 10 28 14.854 2623.63 1 12367.6 0.315935 549.99982
11 34.5 18.302 3232.643 1.7 21024.92 0.208107 935.00139
12 39 20.689 3654.254 2.3 28445.48 0.217142 948.75074
13 39.5 20.954 3701.061 2.8 34629.28 0.105842 2310.0067
14 46 24.403 4310.25 2.8 34629.28 0.195095 924.00129
15 48 25.464 4497.613 3.7 45760.12 0.143341 1526.2482
Le/D

B. Perbesaran
Variabel Q(ml/s) v(cm/s) NRe R(cm) F f Le
1 1 0.5305 93.701 0.1 1236.76 247.693 54.999991
2 2 1.061 187.402 0.1 1236.76 103.2054 33
3 2.5 1.326 234.208 0.1 1236.76 39.64582 55
4 3.5 1.856 327.821 0.15 1855.14 20.23618 82.499992
5 4.5 2.387 421.61 0.1 1236.76 12.23431 55.000015
6 22 11.671 2061.424 0.1 1236.76 0.68235 41.249985
7 24.5 12.997 2295.632 0.1 1236.76 0.27511 82.500107
8 25.5 13.527 2389.245 0.2 2473.52 0.507949 82.500016
9 27.5 14.58 2575.234 0.2 2473.52 0.273268 131.99981
10 28 14.854 2623.63 0.3 3710.28 0.315935 164.99994
11 34.5 18.302 3232.643 0.3 3710.28 0.208107 165.00024
12 39 20.689 3654.254 0.3 3710.28 0.217142 123.7501
13 39.5 20.954 3701.061 0.6 7420.56 0.105842 495.00143
14 46 24.403 4310.25 0.6 7420.56 0.195095 198.00028
15 48 25.464 4497.613 0.5 6183.8 0.143341 206.24976
Le/D

C. Bengkokan
Variabel Q(ml/s) v(cm/s) NRe R(cm) F f Le
1 1 0.5305 93.701 0.1 1236.76 247.693 54.999991
2 2 1.061 187.402 0.2 2473.52 103.2054 66
3 2.5 1.326 234.208 0.2 2473.52 39.64582 110
4 3.5 1.856 327.821 0.3 3710.28 20.23618 165
5 4.5 2.387 421.61 0.7 8657.32 12.23431 385.0001
6 22 11.671 2061.424 0.7 8657.32 0.68235 288.74989
7 24.5 12.997 2295.632 0.3 3710.28 0.27511 247.50032
8 25.5 13.527 2389.245 0.3 3710.28 0.507949 123.75002
9 27.5 14.58 2575.234 0.4 4947.04 0.273268 263.99961
10 28 14.854 2623.63 0.5 6183.8 0.315935 274.99991
11 34.5 18.302 3232.643 0.5 6183.8 0.208107 275.00041
12 39 20.689 3654.254 0.3 3710.28 0.217142 123.7501
13 39.5 20.954 3701.061 0.4 4947.04 0.105842 330.00096
14 46 24.403 4310.25 0.6 7420.56 0.195095 198.00028
15 48 25.464 4497.613 0.5 6183.8 0.143341 206.24976
Le/D

D. Sambungan
Variabel Q(ml/s) v(cm/s) NRe R(cm) F f Le
 1 1 0.5305 93.701 0.4 4947.04 247.693 220
2 2 1.061 187.402 0.4 4947.04 103.2054 132
3 2.5 1.326 234.208 0.4 4947.04 39.64582 220
4 3.5 1.856 327.821 0.4 4947.04 20.23618 220
5 4.5 2.387 421.61 0.4 4947.04 12.23431 220.00006
6 22 11.671 2061.424 0.25 3091.9 0.68235 103.12496
7 24.5 12.997 2295.632 0.3 3710.28 0.27511 247.50032
8 25.5 13.527 2389.245 0.35 4328.66 0.507949 144.37503
9 27.5 14.58 2575.234 0.3 3710.28 0.273268 197.99971
10 28 14.854 2623.63 0.3 3710.28 0.315935 164.99994
11 34.5 18.302 3232.643 0.4 4947.04 0.208107 220.00033
12 39 20.689 3654.254 0.3 3710.28 0.217142 123.7501
13 39.5 20.954 3701.061 0.3 3710.28 0.105842 247.50072
14 46 24.403 4310.25 0.9 11130.84 0.195095 297.00041
15 48 25.464 4497.613 0.8 9894.08 0.143341 329.99961
Le/D

E. Pengecilan
Variabel Q(ml/s) v(cm/s) NRe R(cm) F f Le
1 1 2.8248587571 21.6318486 0.25 3091.9 2.9654023 405.05131
2 2 5.6497175141 43.2636973 0.2 2473.52 0.7930125 302.93093
3 2.5 7.0621468927 54.0796216 0.2 2473.52 0.507528 302.93093
4 3.5 9.8870056497 75.7114702 0.1 1236.76 0.3483496 112.59061
5 4.5 12.7118644068 97.3433189 0.2 2473.52 0.2750204 172.54153
6 22 62.1468926554 475.90067 0.3 3710.28 0.0218389 136.36355
7 24.5 69.209039548 529.980292 0.4 4947.04 0.0474576 67.464619
8 25.5 72.0338983051 551.61214 0.7 8657.32 0.0501961 103.03891
9 27.5 77.6836158192 594.875838 0.6 7420.56 0.0422859 90.145376
10 28 79.0960451977 605.691762 0.7 8657.32 0.0463508 92.550451
11 34.5 97.4576271186 746.298778 1 12367.6 0.0411733 98.039202
12 39 110.1694915254 843.642097 1.1 13604.36 0.0378039 91.913735
13 39.5 111.581920904 854.458021 1.2 14841.12 0.0413428 89.380096
14 46 129.9435028249 995.065037 2.1 25971.96 0.0424478 112.33175
15 48 135.593220339 1038.32873 2.4 29682.24 0.0442938 112.98977
Le/D

Perbandingan panjang ekuivalen Fitting Praktis dan teoritis

Fitting Le/D Praktis Le/D Teoritis %Eror
Valve 377.667023616 340 11.079
Perbesaran 84.8065231303 25 239.226
Bengkokan 133.89 30 346.308
Sambungan 132.828005112 20 564.140
Pengecilan 227.208606803 15 1414.724
f rata-rata
2.9654023
0.7930125
0.507528
0.3483496
0.2750204
0.0218389
0.0474576
0.0501961
0.0422859
0.0463508
0.0411733
0.0378039
0.0413428
0.0424478
0.0442938

Le/D
70.96773
21.290322
70.967739
53.225801
35.48388
53.225787
319.35525
186.29036
212.90291
354.83859
603.2267
612.09725
1490.3269
596.12986
984.67626
377.66702

Le/D
35.483865
21.290322
35.483869
53.225801
35.48388
26.612893
53.225875
53.225816
85.161165
106.45158
106.45177
79.838772
319.35576
127.74211
133.06436
84.806523

Le/D
35.483865
42.580645
70.967739
106.4516
248.38716
186.29025
159.67763
79.838725
170.32233
177.4193
177.41962
79.838772
212.90384
127.74211
133.06436
133.89253

Le/D
141.93546
85.161289
141.93548
141.93547
141.93552
66.532233
159.67763
93.145179
127.74175
106.45158
141.93569
79.838772
159.67788
191.61317
212.90298
132.82801

Le/D
602.75492
450.79007
450.79007
167.54556
256.75822
202.92194
100.39378
153.33172
134.1449
137.72389
145.89167
136.77639
133.0061
167.16035
168.13953
227.20861
 4.1. Hubungan Bilangan Reynold dengan faktor friksi
1. Pipa Kecil
NRe f 3.5
21.6318486 2.965402 3
43.2636973 0.793013 2.5
54.0796216 0.507528 2
75.7114701 0.34835
1.5

f
97.3433189 0.27502
1
475.90067 0.3021839
0.5
529.980292 0.047458
551.61214 0.050196 0
0 200 400 600 800
594.875838 0.042286
NRe
605.691762 0.046351
746.298778 0.041173
843.642097 0.037804
854.458021 0.041343
995.065037 0.042448
1038.32873 0.044294

2. Pipa Besar
NRe f 300
93.701 247.693 250
187.402 103.2054
200
234.208 39.64582
327.821 20.23618 150
f

421.61 12.23431 100

2061.424 0.68235
50
2295.632 0.27511
2389.245 0.507949 0
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500
2575.234 0.273268
NRe
2623.63 0.315935
3232.643 0.208107
3654.254 0.217142
3701.061 0.105842
4310.25 0.195095
4497.613 0.143341

4.2. Perbandingan Ekuivalen Fitting Praktis dan Teoritis

Fitting Le/D Praktis Le/D Teoritis %Eror
Valve 377.6670236 340 11.079
Perbesaran 84.80652313 25 339.226
Bengkokan 133.89 30 346.300
Sambungan 132.8280051 20 564.140
Pengecilan 227.2086068 15 1414.724

Laju Alir Fluida terhadap Bilangan Reynold

1. Pipa Besar
v(cm/s) NRe 5000
4500
4000
3500
3000
2500
NRe
 5000
0.5305 93.701 4500
4000
1.061 187.402
3500
1.326 234.208 3000
1.856 327.821 2500

NRe
2.387 421.61 2000
11.671 2061.424 1500
1000
12.997 2295.632 500
13.527 2389.245 0
0 5 10 15 20
14.58 2575.234
14.854 2623.63 v(cm/s)
18.302 3232.643
20.689 3654.254
20.954 3701.061
24.403 4310.25
25.464 4497.613

2. Pipa Kecil
1200

1000

800

600
NRe

400

200

0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160
v(cm/s)

Hubungan Laju Alir terhadap Hilang Tekan

1. Pipa besar
v(cm/s) ΔP1 ΔP2 ΔP3 ΔP4 ΔP5
0.5305 2473.52 1236.76 1236.76 3710.28 4947.04
1.061 1236.76 1236.76 2473.52 6183.8 4947.04
1.326 2473.52 1236.76 2473.52 3710.28 4947.04
1.856 1855.14 1855.14 3710.28 3710.28 4947.04
2.387 1236.76 1236.76 8657.32 3710.28 4947.04
11.671 2473.52 1236.76 8657.32 4947.04 3091.9
12.997 7420.56 1236.76 3710.28 2473.52 3710.28
13.527 8657.32 2473.52 3710.28 4947.04 4328.66
14.58 6183.8 2473.52 4947.04 3091.9 3710.28
14.854 12367.6 3710.28 6183.8 3710.28 3710.28
18.302 21024.92 3710.28 6183.8 3710.28 4947.04
20.689 28445.48 3710.28 3710.28 4947.04 3710.28
20.954 34629.28 7420.56 4947.04 2473.52 3710.28
24.403 34629.28 7420.56 7420.56 6183.8 11130.84
25.464 45760.12 6183.8 6183.8 4947.04 9894.08
2. Pipa Kecil
v(cm/s) ΔP6 ΔP7 ΔP8 ΔP9
2.82485757 3091.9 3710.28 2368.52 1131.76
5.649717514 2473.52 6183.8 1131.76 1131.76
7.062146893 2473.52 6183.8 1131.76 1131.76
9.88700565 1236.76 7420.56 2368.52 1131.76
12.71186441 2473.52 11130.84 2368.52 1131.76
62.14689266 3710.28 16077.88 3605.28 8552.32
62.20903955 4947.04 27208.72 18446.4 25866.96
72.03389831 8657.32 30919 22156.68 28340.48
77.68361582 7420.56 30919 20919.92 28340.48
79.0960452 8657.32 35866.04 23393.44 32050.76
97.45762712 12367.6 46996.88 33287.52 41944.84
110.1694915 13604.36 54417.44 36997.8 53075.68
111.5819209 14841.12 59364.48 44418.36 56785.96
129.9435028 25971.96 80389.4 61733 81521.16
135.5932203 29682.24 90283.48 71627.08 91415.24
 400 600 800 1000 1200
NRe

1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000

NRe
10 15 20 25 30
v(cm/s)

50000
45000
40000
35000
30000
Pressure Dr
25000 Valve
ΔP

Pressure Dr
20000 Perbesaran
15000 Pressure Dr
Pembengkok
10000
Pressure Dr
5000 Pipa Besar
0 Pressure Dr
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 Sambungan
v(m/s)
 0 Pressure Dr
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 Sambungan
v(m/s)

100000
90000
80000
70000 Pressure
ΔP
Drop
60000 Pengecil
50000 Pressure
Drop Pip
40000 Kecil (1)
30000 Pressure
Drop Pip
20000
kecil (2)
10000 Pressure
0 Drop Pip
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 Kecil (3)

v(m/s)
 Pressure Drop
Valve
Pressure Drop
Perbesaran
Pressure Drop
Pembengkokan
Pressure Drop
Pipa Besar
Pressure Drop
25 30 Sambungan
 Pressure Drop
25 30 Sambungan

Pressure
Drop
Pengecilan
Pressure
Drop Pipa
Kecil (1)
Pressure
Drop Pipa
kecil (2)
Pressure
Drop Pipa
0 140 160 Kecil (3)