&L RS aa ao Does Cinusias say anything about the sign for $40? No. ‘The total (oe) heat transfer can be coming in ike in a het engine (Wo, = Qu, = Qj) in which eae itis postive. tan also be net going out like in a refrigerator or heat pump (Wig = Qhr~Qx) in which case the sig i negative. Finally if you look at a tansmission gearbox there could be no heat transfer (first approximation) in which case the integral is zero. “Assume a heat engine with a given Qy.Can you say anything sbout Qy if the ‘engine is reversible? LP itis imeversible? For axeversible heat engine it rust be that: Ce Soas'T, is lower than Ty thea Q,, must be correspondingly lower than Qh to obtaia thenet zete integral. For an reversible heat engine we have ‘This means that Q,. is larger than before (given Qyy and the T's). The ‘reversible beat engine rejects more energy and thus gives less out as work, Docs the stutement of Clausius require a constant T for the heat wanster as in a ‘Comet eyele? No. ‘The statement for a cycle iavelves.an integral of AQ/T so T can vary. whiek it dacs during most processes in actual deviees. This just means that you cannot that easly get a clased expression for the inusgal Water at 100 Ki, 150°C receives 75 kifkg in areversible process by heat transfer. Which process changes the most: constant TT, constant vor constant P? a aT ‘Look at the canstant property lines in a T-s diagram, Fig. 8.$. The constant v line as higher slope than the constant P line also at postive slope. Thus ‘both the constant F and w processes have-an increase in T. As T goes up the change ia s is smaller. ‘The constant T (isothermal) process therefore changes s the most. A substance is compressed adiabaticly so P end T go up. Dues that change x? irbepmes steven siscoatn, 0au Accomp chip dissipates 24 of elecc workover tine and rejects tht as heat transfer frm its $C surface to 26°C az. How much entopy is generated inthe chip? How much if any is generated ouside the chip? [CY-1 Chip with surface at S0°C, we assume chip state is constant, Ene: Up-U; =0=1Q)—1Wa= Wacacalin“Qoat Entropy: (CV.2Fromehipaurice a SC sea 25°C, sue constant sta Bees UU) =0= 03-2" Qag toa? Exwopy: — §-§) 0-22 S25. Bast Quai 24d 268 Soom ty Toot “DORIS “HERI = 0819 4K as A liquid is compressed in a reversible adiabatic process. What is the change in T? Trews reese ten since = Sl-0 ange in fr gio cones un) eens aveSer Fromtiit oon ats = hen Tis comtan ais ne kg of sir at 300K is mixed with one kg rat 400K in a proces a constant 100 kPa and Q = 0. Find the final T andthe enopy generation in the proces. CN. Allthe ais, Energy Eq: Uz—U,=0-W Enteopy Ea: $2—$) = 0* 8 pop Process Eq: P=C, W=P(V=Vi) Substitute W ino energy Ea, Up— Uy + W= Up Uy + POW3~ VP Hp Hh = 0 Duc wo the low T let us use coestent specific heat Hy“ Hy = matty — bya * Maly —Ba =m {Ta— Tai) + maCyT2— Tad — 0 apy change sm 5.25 wih no cangnP 0.18477 - 0.13407 = 04207 RANK: Remake Ifyou check, the volume doesnot change and there fs. 0 work.aly An ideal gas goes through a constant Tteversible heat addition process, Haw do the propertics (v, u,b, s, Ph change (up, down or constant)? Ideal gos: UT), bE) so they are both constant Eq. Sl gives: ds = daT ~ds,,.=doT~0>0 sos goes up by qT Eg. 821 gives: ds = (Riv) dv 0 v increases Eq. £23 gives: ds = UF) €P ss P decreases 19 Hot combustion ar a 10 K expands in a polyiropic process to a volume 6 times ss large with n = 1.5. Find the specific boundary work and the specifi heat transfer. ergy Ege: apy aa - 182 L R Reversible work Eg, 838: 1427.5 (Pa¥2 -Prvi) = jog (F2-T) Procesta: N=; T= Tytoyrg” = 1500(fP*-6124K Properties trom Table A.7.1: wy = 44.6 Kikg, up = 1205.25 kik PER 12.4 1500) ~ sis es 1p" Up— uy + yw) = 1208.28 — 444.6 + 500.3 = 1270 Kg, ‘Assume the heat engine in Problem 7.25 has high temperature of 120K and a low temperature of 40K. What does the inequality of Cleusus say about cach of the four eases?