Answer below structured questions

1. Define heart failure. (2 marks)

2. Describe the (NYHA) classification systems used to define (4 marks)
heart failure.
3. List the objective and subjective date need to be collect and explain (6 marks)
the significant of the data to the nurse?

4. Compare the differing etiologies and signs of left-sided vs (8 marks)

right-sided heart failure.
5. Describe the compensatory mechanisms of heart failure (20 marks)
based on the below:
 cardiac remodeling,
 activation of endogenous neurohormonal systems,
 adrenergic nervous system,
 renin angiotensin-aldosterone system

6. Define noncompensatory mechanism of heart failure (5 marks)

7. State the investigation need to identify the condition (5 marks)

8. Describe with scientific evidence supporting each type of (30 marks)

treatment, intervention or procedure commonly used in the
management of patients who present with HF.

9. Formulate the nursing care plan for heart failure (15 marks)

10. Formulate a teaching plan for patients and families regarding (5 marks)
complication heart failure