Cat Cracker Seminar

August 23-24, 2016

Royal Sonesta Hotel
Houston, TX

CAT-16-7 Co-processing of Biomass-Derived Liquid in

the FCC to Produce Renewable Fuels

Presented By:

Chad R. Huovie
Business Director
UOP LLC – A Honeywell
Company
Des Plaines, IL

American Fuel & Petrochemical Manufacturers 1667 K Street, NW 202.457.0480 voice

Suite 700 202.457.0486 fax
Washington, DC www.afpm.org
20006
This paper has been reproduced for the author or authors as a courtesy by the American Fuel &
Petrochemical Manufacturers. Publication of this paper does not signify that the contents
necessarily reflect the opinions of the AFPM, its officers, directors, members, or staff. Requests
for authorization to quote or use the contents should be addressed directly to the author(s)
Chad R. Huovie Co-processing of Biomass-Derived Liquid in the FCC to
Business Director
Produce Renewable Fuels – CAT-16-7

Aug 23-24, 2016  AFPM Cat Cracking Seminar  Houston, TX

© 2016 UOP LLC. A Honeywell Company All rights reserved. UOP 7200-0
 1

Presentation Overview

• Business Case
• Technology Solution
• Technology Commercialization Status

UOP 7200-1
 2

US Renewable Environment
California LCFS ($/MT CO2e)
$140
• Cellulosic RVO increasing by 36%
$120
• Cellulosic Waiver costs likely $100
increasing by 46% $80
$60
• Cost to comply for obligated
$40
parties under RFS2 will likely
$20
double from 2016 to 2017 !! $0
Source: http://www.arb.ca.gov/fuels/lcfs/credit/lrtmonthlycreditreports.htm

Mar-14

Mar-15

Mar-16
Jul-13
Sep-13
Nov-13

Jul-14
Sep-14
Nov-14

Jul-15
Sep-15
Nov-15
Jan-14

May-14

Jan-15

May-15

Jan-16

May-16
• CA LCFS costs remain high
RFS2 Cellulosic Volumes* Cellulosic Waiver Historical Prices
350 (set by EPA)
300 Actual $1.96
$2.00
250 Mandate
$1.56
M gals

200 $1.50 $1.33

150 $1.13
100 $1.00 $0.78
$0.64
50 Jan -
$0.42 $0.49
0 Jun $0.50
2014 2015 2016 2017
$-
Renewable Fuel Standard: Final Renewable Fuel Standards for 2014, 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
2015, and 2016, and Estimated 2017 Volumes from May 31, 2016 Proposed Rule
*Source: https://www.epa.gov/renewable-fuel-standard-program/proposed-renewable-fuel-standards-
Source: EPA, 2017 is UOP estimate based on RFS formula
2017-and-biomass-based-diesel

Cellulosic RVO Costs Increasing in 2017

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Technology to Produce Low

Carbon Emission Fuels

UOP 7301-3
 4

RTP™ & FCC Co-Processing Technologies

Partnership

Leading licensor of Supplies basic Developer of RTP

FCC process engineering design technology
technology for RTP unit

Significant technical Supplies RTP unit with Developer of

resources to support full warrantees and projects producing
refinery post-project guarantees RFO for refiner
implementation

Contracts with
refiner for RFO
supply
 5

Biocrude Production from Biomass

Forest
Residue Ensyn RTP™ Unit
Renfrew, Canada RTP Biocrude

Agricultural
Waste

 Energy
densification
relative to biomass
 High yield of liquid
Energy Crop product (65 – 75
wt-% depending on
feedstock)
RTP Green Fuel is “liquid wood” made from Cellulosic Biomass
What is Pyrolysis Oil or Biocrude?

• Is “liquid wood” made from non-food,

woody biomass through Rapid
Thermal Processing® conversion

• Elemental Composition
- 42% C, 8% H, 50% O, 1000-2000 ppm N,
< 100 ppm S
- 25% +/- 5% soluble water
- Density: 1.2 g/mL
- pH<3 (organic acids)

• Viscosity
- Quite fluid at 70F
- Highly viscous below 50 F
 7

Composition of Biocrude

• Complex mixture of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen

containing compounds (aldehydes, phenolics, acids,
alcohols, etc.)
Renewable Fuels from Co-Processing 8

of RTP Biocrude

LPG
LPG

Biocrude

Cat  Partially
Gasoline renewable
products
sent
downstream
Light Cycle Oil
(LCO)
Vacuum Gas 
Oil (VGO)
Main Column 
Bottoms (MCB)

Utilize existing refinery assets & infrastructure

 9

Benefits of FCC Pyoil Co-Processing

95% VGO
100% +
• Estimated marginal benefit of VGO 5% Bio-
Weight % oil
between 32 – 45 $/bbl RFO in 2016
Dry Gas 3.5 2.8
under US regulations (will vary by
LPG (C3-C4) 13.8 13.8
country)
Gasoline (C5-
220°C) 39.9 40.6
Diesel (220-344°C) 20.3 19.6
Bottoms (+ 344°C) 16.1 14.4
Coke 6.4 6.0
CO 0.0 1.0
CO2 0.0 0.4
Water 0.0 1.4

Source:
http://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2015/04/f21/thermoc
hemical_conversion_chum_242303.pdf
 10

Path to Low Carbon Fuels

• Fuels produced from FCC co-
processing have one of the lowest
CI values under the CA LCFS Select LCFS Pathway Carbon Intensities
(gCO2e/MJ)
• Low CI biofuels are extremely 120.0 99.8 102.0
100.0
valuable to refineries who must 80.0
76.0 68.4
57.0 56.7
comply with the declining LCFS 60.0
40.0 21.7 20.1 19.8
carbon intensity targets 20.0
0.0

Source: Source: LCFS Readopted Regulation, Ensyn Pathway

Application

UOP 6580_REC-10
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Estimate of Example Refinery RVO and Potential RIN

Generation from FCC Co-Processing
Annualized Parameter Value Units
Total Crude Processing Rate 250,000 BPSD
Yield of trans. fuel / barrel crude 0.70 VOL%/VOL%
Yearly Factor 0.95 Day / Year
Transportation Fuel Production 2.548 Billion gallons/yr

Proposed
Incremental Incremental Incremental 2017
Fuel Type
2015 RVO % 2016 RVO % 2017 RVO % RINs Req’d

0.069% 0.128% 0.173% Cellulosic biofuel (D3, D7)

4,409,100 
1.490% 1.590% 1.670% Biomass-based Diesel (D4) 42,561,829 
0.061% 0.292% 0.380% Advanced biofuel (D5) 9,608,269 
7.90% 8.090% 8.220% Renewable Fuel (D6) 209,495,948 
9.52% 10.10% 10.44% Total RINs 266,075,145 

• Co-processing RFO can produce ~9 mil cellulosic RINs in 30,000

BPSD FCC @ 2.25 vol% of VGO feed rate

Refinery cellulosic RVO can be met with FCC co-processing UOP 6580_REC-11
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Commercial Status of
Technology

UOP 7301-12
 13

FCC Co-processing Commercialization

2012 2013 2015 2016
Pilot Limited EPA EPA
Concept Commercial Technology
Plant Commercia Part Part
Selection Design Deployment
Trials lTrial 79 80

Refiner co-processes RFO

with VGO to produce
renewable fuel blendstocks
RTP Unit
RTP Biocrude

RFO produced by outside Renewable Fuel

project developer and Mixture
delivered to refinery to Refinery Pool

Multiple Refiners Assessing FCC Co-Processing

 14

Biologically Sourced Feedstocks

Characteristics of Concern

• High oxygen content

• Acid number typically higher than that
found in petroleum
• Metals higher and different type than
found in refinery streams
– Petroleum: Ni and V
– Biofeeds: Alkali metals and phosphorus,
silicon
• Chlorides typically present in biological
feedstocks some very high
• Unsaturated hydrocarbons
• Completed “proof of concept” trial in
commercial FCC unit
• In discussion with numerous
US refining companies for extended trial
in 2016/2017
 15

Addressing the Concerns…

• Oxygenates
– Acid conversion virtually complete in FCC riser
– Oxygenates in FCC naphtha same as those already seen in
petroleum-only FCC operation
– LCO and heavier cuts no perceptible change in oxygenates
• Alkali metal effects
– Studied deactivation at lab scale
– Economic alkali metal management techniques developed
• Chlorides
– Chlorides are possible source of concern in all FCC units
– Review of operations and equipment before co-processing allows
trouble-free operation
• Unsaturated hydrocarbons
– Method of operation avoids fouling issues commonly associated
with pyrolysis oil at high temperature
– Commercial proof of concept trial indicated trouble-free injection

These measures and others address refiners’ concerns

 16

Co-Processing Candidates

Federal / State Incentives for Biofuel Production

• Local LCFS regulations – very attractive in CA
• Attractive RIN (or local equivalent) market

Low Cat Cooler Utilization

• Looking to de-rate Cat Cooler
• Could benefit from additional steam generation

Low Delta Coke Operations

• Severely hydrotreated feeds
• Cold Regenerators

UOP 7352-16
 Important fuel properties 17

virtually unchanged during commercial trial

Naphtha
Olefins & Naphthene with 1 vol-% RTP Green Fuel Addition
Olefins & Naphthenes Wt-%

10
Before RTP Green Fuel added
1 8 hours of RTP Green Fuel Addition
16 hours of RTP Green Fuel addtion
0.1
Bulk
0.01 chemical
0.001
composition
C6 C7 C8 C9 C10 C11 C12 C13 C14 C15 C16 C17 C18 C19 C20 C21 C22 C23 C24 C25 C26 of FCC
Naphtha products
Mono-Aromatics by Carbon Number after 1 vol-% Pyoil Addition similar to
6
petroleum-
Mono‐Aromatic Wt‐% 

Before RTP Green Fuel Added

5
After 8 hours of RTP Green Fuel Addition only feed
4 After 16 hours of RTP Green Fuel Addition
3

0
C6 C7 C8 C9 C10 C11 C12 C13 C14 C15 C16 C17 C18 C19 C20 C21 C22
UOP 7214- 17
 18

RFO Co-processing - Why it Makes Sense

• Produces renewable gasoline &
Compliance solution diesel blendstocks
controlled by the refiner • Generate cellulosic RINs at the refinery

• Produce pipeline-compatible biofuels

Utilize existing refinery with existing FCC equipment
infrastructure • Eliminate dedicated blending
infrastructure without blendwall limits

Low oil prices increase • Cellulosic RIN value inversely related

cellulosic value to crude prices

• Minor capital costs for storage & feed

injection equipment
Easy to implement
• UOP provides injection equipment
& operations assistance
Summary
• FCC co-processing is a technology breakthrough to produce
sustainable cellulosic transportation fuels
- Commercial implementation likely within the next year
- Provides obligated parties with a pathway to generate and satisfy the
EPA cellulosic RVO / RINs
- Low cost technology revamp solution that can be easily implemented in
existing FCC units during next T/A
- Demonstrated on a commercial scale in US refiner’s FCC unit with
additional applications likely in 2016 / 2017

UOP will support your renewable project development efforts

 20

Learn More
• RE&C Overview Video:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BDhEG3Ekk8E
• Green Jet Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X3sEKBXQ5LY
• Green Diesel Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WbugPJX-Gko
• Revamps Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=30IjLypo4kY
• RTP Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WOleVIvM2XY

UOP 7301-20
HONEYWELL RENEWABLE ENERGY & CHEMICALS

THANK YOU

Honeywell is committed to providing technology

options that better enable our customers to
produce better quality renewable fuels for a
more sustainable future

UOP 7301-21
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UOP 7116-22