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2gtrainingoptimization 150301041427 Conversion Gate02 PDF
2gtrainingoptimization 150301041427 Conversion Gate02 PDF
Denpasar Bali
Oct 21-25, 2013
NSN – TSEL
Measurement processing
KPI case
5
4
e
3
tim
2
Physical channel 1
e.g. allocated to one 0
subscriber with FR voice 7
and no frequency hopping
6
5
4 TDMA frame
3 = 8 timeslots
2 ( 0.577ms * 8 = 4.615 ms)
1
0
7
6
5
4
2 2 2
3 TDMA frame
2
1
0
frequency
200 kHz
4 © Nokia Siemens Networks
GSM Channel Organization
Logical Channels
for transport of specific content
mapping
MS Physical Channels
transport medium Base Station
Subsystem
Physical channel parameters
ARFCN
Time slot number
Frequency hopping algorithm
Downlink
51 TDMA frames = 235 ms
1 51
f s f sf f s f s f s -
BCCH CCCH CCCH CCCH CCCH CCCH CCCH CCCH CCCH CCCH
Uplink
51 TDMA frames = 235 ms
1 51
r r r r r r r r r r r r rf r r r r r r r r r rf r r r r r r r r r rf r r r r r r r r r rf r r r r r r r r
Downlink
51 TDMA frames = 235 ms
1 51
f s f sf f s f s f s -
rr f r r r r r r r r rf r r r r r r r r r rf r r r r f r r
t t t t t t t t t t t t sf t t t t t t t t t tf t t i
1 26
t = full rate TCH, s = SACCH/T, i = idle TDMA frame
t t t t t t s t t t t t t
f f
T T T T T T T T T T T T S
...
1 26
t = half rate TCH, s = SACCH/T (first user)
T = half rate TCH, S = SACCH/T (second user) TDMA frame
9 © Nokia Siemens Networks
Signalling Channel Mapping
(SDCCH/8 +SACCH/C4)
Downlink
51 TDMA frames = 235 ms
1 51
f i i i
f if i i
MO Class TR/RTSL
Parameter channelxType (CHx) where x = 0…7
Note:
• Some values not allowed in certain tsl (e.g. TSL0
can’t have value 8)
• PBCCH is not supported in S13 and onwards
SEG-BTS parameters
MSC parameters
Buffering
Mobile sends channel requests to BTS separated by random time intervals in case of no answer!
Parameters
BTS nbrOfSlotsSpread MML Range: The number of TDMA frames over which 10 SLO
Trans 3..12, 14, 16, 20, retransmission is spread on the RACH (random
25, 32, 50 access channel)
S depends on numberOfSlotsSpreadTrans
signalling channel mapping (CCCH + SDCCH combined or not in one multi frame)
numberOfSlotsSpreadTrans = 10
signalling channel mapping = not combined S
= 58
Therefore t = 58..to..67 RACH slots
time channel requests
noOfBlocksForAccessGrant (AG) 0..7 possible number, if CCCH and SDCCH are not combined
1..7 possible number, if CBCH is used in non combined
configuration
0..2 possible number, if CCCH and SDCCH are combined
Reservation time for LU = 5s 5 s / 7200 s = 0.69 mErl on SDCCH per subscriber
325 subscribers 0.2242 Erl on SDCCH
Base Station Identity Code BSIC = Network Colour Code NCC + Base Station Colour Code BCC
f1 bcc = 2
bcc = 1 f2
f1
f3
f1
bcc = 3
duplex distance
200 kHz
f2
f2 f1 f4
f1 f4 f3
f3 f5 f7
f5 f7 f6
f6 f2
f1 f4
f3
f5 f7
f6
Frequency
Call is transmitted through several frequencies to
• average the interference (interference diversity)
• minimise the impact of fading (frequency diversity)
F1
F2
F3
Time
Hopping sequence
hoppingSequenceNumber (HSN) 0..63
0 = cyclic hopping
1..63 = pseudorandom hopping
Baseband Hopping
0 1 2 7 Timeslot
0 1 2 7 Timeslot
TRX 1 BC
CH f1 – no hopping
TRX 2
Standard technique
Freeform hopping
setting of MAIO
Freeform hopping
BCCH BCCH
MA list MA list
Non-adjacent ARFCN Consecutive ARFCN
MA
MAlist
listand
andBCCH
BCCHfrequency
frequencyplanning
planningrequired Only
required OnlyBCCH
BCCHfrequency
frequencyplanning
planningrequired
required
BSIC / TSC
Frequencies
Frequency hopping setting
Intelligent underlay overlay TRX settings
When?
Why?
• To camp on the best suitable cell
Search RF channels
to find BCCH carrier
Why to camp on a specific cell?
• For MS to receive system info from the NW on DL
• For MS to be able to initiate a call whenever needed
• For the NW to be able to locate the MS when there is a Check that the PLMN
MT call/SMS & cell is allowed
Parameter Value
LAI (locationAreaId)
• MCC (Mobile Country Code) 0 … 999
• MNC (Mobile Network Code) 0 … 99,
0… 999 (optional 3-digit MNC)
• LAC (Location Area Code) 1 … 65533
BSIC (bsIdentityCode)
• NCC (Network Colour Code) 0…7
• BCC (BTS Colour Code) 0…7
CI (cell-ID 0 … 65535
no suitable no suitable
cell found
cell found cell found
2
(adopted from TS 43.022 V5.1.0 chap.
32 © Nokia Siemens Networks
States and State Transition for Cell Selection
go here whenever a
new PLMN is selected
no suitable
cell found suitable cell found suitable cell found
Search for the frequency correction burst in that Tune to the next highest
carrier in order to verify if it is a BCCH carrier RF channel which is not
tried before
No
Is it a BCCH
carrier?
Yes
No
Is it a correct
PLMN ?
Yes
Yes
Is the cell barred?
No
No
Is C1>0
Yes
Camp on the cell
I am
outside
I am inside, but 0)
,
have not enough x(B
power ma
Cell1 Cell2
LAC1 LAC2
C1 ( Cell1) C1 (Cell2) A= 4 dB
B= 6 dB
C= 8 dB
A B C
C2
no TEMPORARY OFFSET
serving cell: C1
• C2:
new candidate
CELL_RESELECT_OFFSET
List of 6 = former serving
strongest cell
T
carriers:
• C2: C2
• C2:
• C2: C1
• C2:
• C2:
• C2: CELL_RESELECT_OFFSET
new candidate
= formerly non-
serving cell TEMPORARY OFFSET
T
PENALTY_TIME
37 © Nokia Siemens Networks
Cell Reselection Based on Pathloss
Criterion C2
C2
cell 1 cell reselection &
cell 3
location update
cell
reselection cell 2
CELL_RESELECT_
HYSTERESIS (HYS)
LAC = A LAC = B
C2 = C1 + cellReselectOffset -
Micro 900 "D" temporaryOffset*H(penaltyTime-T)
Macro 1800 "B"
=30 + 0 (H(x)=0, serving cell) Cell "A"
=25 + 20 - 30*H(20 - T) Cell "B"
C2 =5 + 0 - 0*H(20 - T) Cell "C"
=50 + 0 - 30*H(40 - T) Cell "D"
cellReselectOffset 0 dB 20 dB 0 dB 0 dB
temporaryOffset 0 dB 30 dB 0 dB 30 dB
Macro 900 "A" Parameters
penaltyTime 20 s 20 s 20 s 40 s
When shall I
select a new cell?
REQUEST SUBSCRIBER ID
SEND SUBSCRIBER ID
AUTHENTICATION
AUTHENTICATION RESPONSE
Paging
LocUp
cellBarred Yes/No
Mobility
plmn-permitted 0 ... 7
Parameters
cellReselectHysteresis 0 ... 14 (dB)
Service request
Setup (SDCCH)
Alert (FACCH)
Call confirmation
Dedicated
Connect (FACCH)
parameter
Connect acknowledged (FACCH) Call accepted
Service request
Idle Authentication request (SDCCH)
parameter
Authentication response (SDCCH) Authentication
Setup (SDCCH)
Alert (FACCH)
Call confirmation
Dedicated
Connect (FACCH)
parameter
Connect acknowledged (FACCH) Call accepted
Network initiated
MS Disconnect NETWORK
Release complete
Channel release
Release
MS initiated
MS Disconnect NETWORK
Release complete
Channel release
Release
MS capabilities
MSC demands
BTS demands
PEAK_PERMANENT_GPRS_CH
SDCCH
SDCCH_CONG_TIME(sec)
BCCH
PEAK_GPRS_CHANNELS
TCH_PEAK_BUSY_HALF
TCH_PEAK_BUSY_FULL
AVE_SDCCH (SDCCH/8)
AVE_GPRS_CHANNELS
PEAK_PERMANENT_GPRS_CH
AVE_AVAIL_FULL_TCH
AVE_TCH_BUSY_FULL
PEAK_BUSY_SDCCH
AVE_GPRS_CHANNELS
AVE_BUSY_SDCCH
AVE_TCH_BUSY_FULL
PEAK_BUSY_TCH
16.0
14.0
12.0
TIME
10.0
12:00:00 AM 32 5.0 18 6.3 4.0 9 9 0 0 8.48 0 4.7 8 2
RTSL
8.0
1:00:00 AM 32 3.1 13 6.8 3.4 9 9 0 0 1.41 0 4.2 9 2
6.0
2:00:00 AM 32 1.7 12 5.2 2.9 7 7 0 0 0 0 5.8 9 2
4.0 3:00:00 AM 32 1.5 12 6.2 1.4 7 7 0 0 0 0 4.8 9 2
4:00:00 AM 32 1.6 10 8.0 1.7 5 5 0 0 0 0 3.0 9 2
2.0
5:00:00 AM 32 8.8 32 5.7 0.8 6 6 0 559 0 0 5.3 9 2
0.0 6:00:00 AM 32 5.2 18 4.3 1.1 6 6 0 0 0 0 6.7 9 2
7:00:00 AM 32 6.5 23 8.5 2.6 8 8 0 0 0 0 2.5 6 2
10:00:00 AM
12:00:00 AM
2:00:00 AM
4:00:00 AM
6:00:00 AM
8:00:00 AM
12:00:00 PM
2:00:00 PM
4:00:00 PM
6:00:00 PM
8:00:00 PM
10:00:00 PM
Shitting
ShittingSDCCH,
SDCCH,BCCH
BCCHcan
canimprove
improveSDSR
SDSRand
andDCR
DCR
52 © Nokia Siemens Networks
Standard TCH Allocation
(Interference Bands)
Measurement of uplink receive level on idle channels = uplink interference
BSC tries to allocate TCH from best interference band (can be requested by MSC)
If not available,
BSC tries to take TCH from next band
BCCH TRX does not hop in case of RF hopping -> hopping gain only for other TRX
Parameter
Allows to define minimum C/N ratios separately for each call type (AMR FR, AMR HR, EFR/FR, HR
and 14.4 data)
Parameter values ‘RX level based TCH access’:
0: RX level based TCH access is not used (C/N definitions not in use)
1: RX level based TCH access is used in call setup
2: RX level based TCH access is used in call setup and in handovers
Priorities
No TCH available for call set up / handover -> request put into queue
Different kinds of requests can have different priorities
Conditions
BCCH decoded
C1 cell selection criterion fulfilled
Cell not barred
Cell belongs to selected PLMN
Measurement Measurements
Report
Measurement Measurements
Report
-110 -100 0
-109 -99 1
-108 -98 2
. . .
. . .
. . .
-49 -39 61
-48 -38 62
-47 -37 63
0 = no offset used
1 = offset used in general
2 = MS decides automatically about offset
RANGE MEAN
< 0.2 0.14 0
0.2-0.4 0.28 1
0.4-0.8 0.57 2
0.8-1.6 1.13 3
1.6-3.2 2.26 4
3.2-6.4 4.53 5
6.4-12.8 9.05 6
> 12.8 18.1 7
Average window = 4
Quality samples 0,0,7,0
WRONG!!: (0+0+7+0)/4 = 1.75 (wrong!!)
RIGHT: (0.14+0.14.+18.1+0.14)/4 = 4.63 (right!!) => corresponds to Qual5
VALUE RANGE
22..31 < 0.2 0
19..21 0.2-0.4 1
16..18 0.4-0.8 2
13..15 0.8-1.6 3
10..12 1.6-3.2 4
7..9 3.2-6.3 5
4..6 6.3-12.6 6
0..3 > 12.6 7
X axis: frame erasure rate (< 1%, 1-5 %, 5-10 %, 10-15 %, > 15 %)
Y axis: RX quality (0..7)
Z axis: Percentage of measurements for each FER category
• Decoding of BCCH
• for serving (camped) cell every 30 s
• for adjacent cells every 5 min
• Pre-synchronization and decoding of BSIC
• for adjacent cells every 30 s
• Adjacent cell list
• Updating every 60 s
• BCCH decoding of new cell in 30 s
TDMA FRAMES
TDMA FRAMES
4.615 ms TCH SACCH IDLE
Reduced
interference on
DL/UL
• for DL and UL
• for each call
bsTxPowerMin 0..30 dB
Yes No
POWER CONTROL
UPLINK
UL Quality <Av_RXQUAL_UL>
DL Level <Av_RXLEV_DL>
POWER CONTROL
DOWNLINK
Nx samples
Less than Px samples exceed threshold
No power change triggered
Actual average samples
threshold
Nx samples
Px samples are equal to or exceed threshold
Signal level thresholds
Power change triggered
pcUpperThresholdLevelDL/UL (UDR/UUR) -110..-47 dBm
pcLowerThresholdLevelDL/UL (LDR/LUR) -110..-47 dBm
Nx 1..32
Px 1..32
Lower Upper
-110 dB Level(-90) Level(-80)
-47 dB
Qual 7
Quality
83 © Nokia Siemens Networks
POC
Lower Upper
-110 dB Level Level
-47 dB
Qual 7
Quality
84 © Nokia Siemens Networks
POC and HOC (UL)
UL Level HO
-110 dB Threshold
-47 dB
Qual 7
Quality
85 © Nokia Siemens Networks
Power Control Summary
Qual 0
Power increase Power decrease Power decrease
due to level due to level
6 dB due to quality or quality
Upper Quality
Lower Quality
Power increase Power increase Power increase
due to level due to quality due to quality
or quality
Qual 7
pcLowerThresholdsLevelDL/UL
Yes No
pcUpperThresholdsLevelDL
variableDLStepUse (VDLS) = No
Yes No
pcUpperThresholdsLevelUL
Yes No
pcLowerThresholdsQualDL/UL
pcUpperThresholdsQualDL/UL
Yes No
Avoid ping pong effect Take algorithm for power decrease due to signal level
(different for MS & BTS power decrease)
Should be greater
than HOC
92 © Nokia Siemens Networks
Handover Control
Intra PLMN
Simple Cell ID required Inter PLMN
LAC + CI Global Cell ID required
MCC + MNC + LAC + CI
Inter MSC
Intra cell
Only other carrier / timeslot
Inter cell
Intra BSC
Inter BSC
Intra MSC
Macro cells
Micro cells
Intelligent Underlay Overlay
Different frequencies for high / low power TRx
threshold
MS speed thresholds
upper/lowerSpeedLimit (USL/LSL) 0..255 (unit = 2km/h)
IF
EnableUmbrellaHO= Yes
HoPeriodUmbrella - interval between the umbrella
handover threshold comparisons
900 ‘Macro’
A
1800 ‘Micro’
Threshold umbrella
handover –85 dBm
Threshold RX level
handover –95 dBm
Umbrella handover RX
B Umbrella handover RXlevel
levelhandover
handover
toto1800
1800cell back
back to 900cell
cell to 900 cell
103 © Nokia Siemens Networks
HO due to PBGT
IF
EnablePowerBudgetHO= Yes
HoPeriodPBGT - interval between the power budget
threshold comparisons
Exercise Solution
UMBR umbrella HO
RR radio reason HO
PBGT power budget HO
macrocells
PBGT,RR
UMBR+FMT RR
PBGT,RR
microcells
N (no predefinition)
107 © Nokia Siemens Networks
HO due to Directed Retry
IF
DirectedRetryUsed = Yes
Handover from SDCCH of serving cell to TCH of adjacent cell due to congestion
minTimeLimitDR – Target cell evaluation started
MaxTimeLimitDR - Target cell evaluation stopped
No TCH available during call set up in serving cell -> handover to TCH of other cell
TCH
SDCCH minTimeLimitDR
Assignment
congested Request Time
maxTimeLimitDR
DR not allowed
DR allowed
IF
HoThresholdsRapidLevUL/Px > 0
IF
Px number of RXLEV_UL measurement < HoThresholdsRapidLevUL
THEN
Handover cause Rapid field drop
Serving cell
2nd
Handover
triggered
Should be lower
than POC
112 © Nokia Siemens Networks
NPT parameter related (ADCE Parameter)
DROPS
100 * %
CALLS
TCH SEIZURES FOR NEW CALL TCH ASSIGNMENTS FOR NEW CALL
tch_norm_seiz /c1009 tch_new_call_assign /c57033
+tch_seiz_due_sdcch_con /c1099 (S5)
+msc_i_sdcch_tch /c4044
STARTED CONVERSATIONS
-tch_re_est_assign /c57032
conver_started /c57015
+bsc_i_sdcch_tch /c4057
- msc_i_tch_tch /c4043
+cell_sdcch_tch /c4074
-tch_succ_seiz_for_dir_acc /c1165 (S7)
TCH RELEASE
-tch_re_est_assign /c57032 (S7)
CONVERSATION STARTED Disconnect from MS
conn_ack to BTS
TCH SEIZED
BSC allocates a TCH as a response to TCH ASSIGNED
TCH request (Channel Activation) Assignment_complete from BTS
RF CHN RELEASE
Rf_channel_release_ack
from BTS
124 © Nokia Siemens Networks
KPI- Rules, TCH Drop due to RF/Abis
RxLev = -80dBm
CRO=0
GSM
DCS
RxLev = -95dBm
CRO=23
HO threshold = 20
GSM/DCS A GSM/DCS B
Call establish on cell A, then received After user serve by cell B, cell B will
level drop below HO threshold. User ask user to do handover as received
will move from cell A to cell B level on cell B already below HO
threshold.
3
CL15 47043 37634 30108 24086 9865 7543 5643 2345 CL15 11761 9409 7527 6022 9383 1886 65432 7675
CL20 56204 44963 35971 28776 6574 10324 345 65 CL20 14051 11241 8993 7194 18271 2581 65438 63562
CL30 200863 160690 128552 102842 17654 9876 145 28 CL30 33772 27017 21614 17291 75037 2469 18765 14523
CL40 12785 10228 8182 6546 456 112 24 23 CL40 3196 2557 2046 1636 4938 28 3659 2648
CL63 4583 1123 583 452 261 76 26 2 CL63 1146 281 146 113 3378 19 100 174
1
23522 18817 15054 12043 3772 2822 1173 23522 13234 10588 8470
CL20
CL30
CL40
CL63
28102
67544
6393
2292
22482
54035
5114
562
17985
43228
4091
292
14388
34582
3273
226
36542
150073
9876
6756
5162
4938
56
38
173
73
12
13
33
14
12
1
4
CL20
CL30
CL40
CL63
28102
67544
6393
9987
2123
3634
4091
7543
1699
2908
3273
4323
1359
2326
2618
3454
2123
3634
4091
2275
1699
2908
3273
1187
1359
2326
2618
876
1087
1861
4532
654
2
CL20 2654 2123 1699 1359 1087 173 33 65
CL30 4543 3634 2908 2326 1861 73 14 28
CL40 5114 4091 3273 2618 2095 12 12 23
CL63 24 54 8 87 7 0 0 0
Coverage Problem:
Bad quali ty and
HW Problem Low Rx Level
All samples below
-100dBm
CL10 <-100dBm
Hi gh RvLevel
Interference Problem:
Bad quali ty and
Hi gh Rx Level
NWDreport 204model
q0 q1 q2 q3 q4 q5 q6 q7
-100dBm 10645 8516 6813 5450 4360 3488 2791 2232 Bad interference problems. By POC
-95dBm 47043 37634 30108 24086 9865 7543 5643 2345 parameter interference can be
-90dBm 56204 44963 35971 28776 16574 5676 845 65 decreased, how power is adjusted
-80dBm 200863 160690 128552 102842 17654 3653 145 28 etc. Also optimum MS power feature
-70dBm 1234 987 790 632 505 404 323 259 improves UL interference, no full
-47dBm 24 19 15 12 10 8 6 5 power is sent after HO.
UL_q0 UL_q1 UL_q2 UL_q3 UL_q4 UL_q5 UL_q6 UL_q7 There is no UL interference, or just a
-100dBm 70004 5020 3500 2564 2232 1946 2190 2579 little. MS is adjusting power properly,
-95dBm 80339 392 286 461 328 250 275 92
-90dBm 106883 233 318 602 199 146 234 64
there are only little samples in good
-80dBm 246892 227 314 860 298 338 395 60 UL signal level.
-70dBm 254875 155 298 935 203 135 166 15
-47dBm 23288 21 27 103 109 11 41 0
UL_q0 UL_q1 UL_q2 UL_q3 UL_q4 UL_q5 UL_q6 UL_q7 DL_q0 DL_q1 DL_q2 DL_q3 DL_q4 DL_q5 DL_q6 DL_q7
-100dBm 251992 30668 20552 18417 18156 18286 16983 12478 27862 5537 5529 6069 6109 6107 5389 4119
-95dBm 123653 1151 403 692 519 351 221 72 89094 4236 3853 3576 2893 2264 1372 584
-90dBm 62938 247 144 288 353 129 62 29 142228 2732 2550 2356 1510 1114 774 404
-80dBm 27005 51 65 149 177 82 40 16 222462 1523 1355 1552 716 812 1081 343
-70dBm 2831 3 9 28 87 10 6 0 44504 91 123 151 81 101 191 88
-47dBm 751 0 4 10 25 1 0 0 5994 49 17 17 12 29 65 10
Huge amount of UL bad samples. Cells is not working properly, it is like transferring traffic, UL quality/ UL level HO’s are
triggering immediately. These kind of cells must be investigated.
•Internal Interference
– Interference can be seen from stats or can be measured by scanner.
– Neighbor cells (DL) or mobiles (UL) are causing interference.
– By frequency / network planning interference can be decreased.
•External Interference
– Interference can be seen from stats or can be measured by scanner.
– External radio frequencies are causing interference
Military use
In the border area, interference is coming from other country.
Some external wireless system (for example some wireless industry system)
is causing interference
Increased I level can be also due to external interference
(hfr_55a)