‫اﻟﺟزاﺋر دوﻟﺔ ﺑﻼ ﻣﺎﺳﺣﻰ أﺣذﯾﺔ‬

‫اﺧﺗﺎرت اﻟﺟزاﺋر اﻟﻣﺳﺗﻘﻠﺔ ﻋن اﻻﺳﺗﻌﻣﺎر اﻟﻔرﻧﺳﻲ ﻓﻲ ﯾوﻟﯾو ‪ ،1962‬أن ﺗﺑدأ‬

‫‪.‬ﻋﮭدھﺎ ﻣﻊ اﻟﺣرﯾﺔ ﺑﻣﺣو ﻛل أﺛر ﯾذ ّﻛرھﺎ ﺑـ"اﻟﺟﻼّد"‪ ،‬ﻣﮭﻣﺎ ﻛﺎﻧت ﺗﻔﺎھﺔ ھذا اﻷﺛر‬
‫ﻓﻠم ﯾﻛد ﺷﮭر ﻓﺑراﯾر ‪ 1963‬ﯾدﺧل‪ ،‬أي ‪ 7‬أﺷﮭر ﻓﻘط ﺑﻌد اﻻﺳﺗﻘﻼل‪ ،‬ﺣﺗﻰ أﻣر‬
‫اﻟرﺋﯾس اﻟﺟزاﺋري اﻷﺳﺑﻖ‪ ،‬اﻟراﺣل أﺣﻣد ﺑن ﺑﻠﺔ‪ ،‬ﺑﺗﺟﻣﯾﻊ ﻣﺎﺳﺣﻲ اﻷﺣذﯾﺔ اﻟﺻﻐﺎر‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﻗﺎﻋﺔ اﺑن ﺧﻠدون ﺑﺎﻟﻌﺎﺻﻣﺔ واﺗّﻔﻖ ﻣﻊ ﻣﺳﺗﺷﺎره اﻟراﺣل ﺑﺷﯾر ﺑوﻣﻌزة ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺗوزﯾﻌﮭم ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣراﻛز ﻟﺗﺛﻘﯾﻔﮭم وﻣﺣو أﻣﯾﺗﮭم‪ ،‬وﻛﺎﻧت ھذه ﺑداﯾﺔ إﻋﻼن اﻟﺣرب ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﻣﮭﻧﺔ ﻣﺎﺳﺣﻲ اﻷﺣذﯾﺔ‪ ،‬وﻛل اﻟﻣﮭن اﻟوﺿﯾﻌﺔ اﻟﺗﻲ ﻛﺎﻧت ﻓرﻧﺳﺎ ﺗذل ﺑﮭﺎ‬
‫‪.‬اﻟﺟزاﺋرﯾﯾن‬
‫وﻗﺎل اﻟرﺋﯾس ﺑن ﺑﻠﺔ ﺣﯾﻧﮭﺎ‪ ،‬ﻣﺗﺣدﺛﺎ ﻋن ﻣﺎﺳﺣﻲ اﻷﺣذﯾﺔ‪ ،‬إن ‪":‬ھذه اﻟﻔﺋﺔ ﺗﻣﺛّل‬
‫ﻣﺷﮭدا ﻣن ﻣﺷﺎھد إذﻻل اﻷﻧدﯾﺟﺎن" )واﻷﻧدﯾﺟﺎن ﻣﺻطﻠﺢ ﻓرﻧﺳﻲ ﯾﻌﻧﻲ اﻷھﺎﻟﻲ‪،‬‬
‫‪.‬وﻛﺎﻧت ﺗطﻠﻘﮫ ﻓرﻧﺳﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺟزاﺋرﯾﯾن(‬
‫ﻓﺗﻌرﺿوا ﻟﻠظﻠم‬
‫ّ‬ ‫ﻟﻘد ﻛﺎن ﻣﺎﺳﺣو اﻷﺣذﯾﺔ ﻗﻠﯾﻼ ﻣﺎ ﯾﺗﻠﻘّون أﺟرھم ﻣن اﻟﻔرﻧﺳﯾﯾن‪،‬‬
‫ﻣرﺗﯾن ظﻠم اﻹھﺎﻧﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻣﮭﻧﺔ اﻟوﺿﯾﻌﺔ وظﻠم اﻟﺣرﻣﺎن ﻣن اﻷﺟر‪ ،‬ﻣﺎ ﺟﻌل آﻻﻣﮭم‬
‫ﺗﺗﺿﺎﻋف‪ ،‬ﺧﺎﺻﺔ وأن ﻛﺛﯾرا ﻣﻧﮭم ﻛﺎﻧوا ﯾﻌﯾﻠون أُﺳرا ﻓﻲ زﻣن اﻻﺳﺗﻌﻣﺎر‪ ،‬ذﻟك‬
‫اﻟزﻣن اﻟذي ﻛﺎن اﻟﺟزاﺋرﯾون ﯾﻣوﺗون ﻓﯾﮫ ﺑﺎﻟﻣﺋﺎت ﯾوﻣﯾﺎ ﻣن اﻟﺟوع واﻷﻣراض‬
‫‪.‬اﻟﻣﺧﺗﻠﻔﺔ‬
‫وﻣن ﻗرارات اﻟرﺋﯾس ﺑن ﺑﻠﺔ اﻻﻧﺗﻘﺎﻣﯾﺔ ﻣن إذﻻل ﻓرﻧﺳﺎ اﻟﺟزاﺋرﯾﯾن ﺑﻣﮭن وﺿﯾﻌﺔ‪،‬‬
‫أﯾﺿﺎ‪ ،‬ﻣ ْﻧﻊ اﻟﺑﻘﺷﯾش ﻓﻲ اﻟﻣطﺎﻋم واﻟﻣﻘﺎھﻲ واﻟﻔﻧﺎدق‪ ،‬وﻣﻧﻊ ﺳﺎﺋﻘﻲ ﺳﯾﺎرات اﻷﺟرة‬
‫ﻣن أن ﯾﻘﻠّوا راﻛﺑﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻣﻘﻌد اﻟﺧﻠﻔﻲ إذا ﻛﺎن اﻟﻣﻘﻌد اﻷﻣﺎﻣﻲ ﺧﺎوﯾﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﻘد ﻛﺎﻧت ھذه‬
‫ﻋﻼﻣﺔ ﻣن ﻋﻼﻣﺎت اﻹذﻻل اﻟﺗﻲ رﻓﺿﮭﺎ اﻟﺟزاﺋرﯾون ﻓﻲ ﻋﮭد اﻟﺣرﯾﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﺣﯾث ‪":‬ﺑﺎت ﻻ ﺳﯾّد ﻓوق ھذه اﻷرض إﻻ اﻟﺷﻌب"‪ ،‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣدّ ﺗﻌﺑﯾر ﺷﮭﯾر ﻟﻠرﺋﯾس‬
‫‪.‬اﻟراﺣل ھواري ﺑوﻣدﯾن‬
‫وﻟﻣﺎ ﺟﺎء اﻟرﺋﯾس ﺑوﻣدﯾن إﻟﻰ اﻟﺣﻛم ﻋﺎم ‪ ،1965‬أﺻدر ﻣرﺳوﻣﺎ ﻣﻧﻊ ﺑﮫ ﻣﺳﺢ‬
‫اﻷﺣذﯾﺔ واﻟﺑﻘﺷﯾش وﺳﻠوك ﺳﺎﺋﻘﻲ ﺳﯾﺎرات اﻷﺟرة‪ ،‬ﻏﯾر أن اﻟﻔﺿل ﯾﻌود أوﻻ‬
‫‪.‬ﻟﺳﺎﺑﻘﮫ اﻟرﺋﯾس أﺣﻣد ﺑن ﺑﻠﺔ‬
 ‫وﻓﻲ ھذا اﻟﻣوﺿوع‪ ،‬ﺗﻘول اﻟﻣﺣﺎﻣﯾﺔ ﻓﺎطﻣﺔ اﻟزھراء ﺑن ﺑراھم‪ ،‬رﺋﯾﺳﺔ ﻣؤﺳﺳﺔ‬
‫ﻣﻧﺎھﺿﺔ اﻟﻔﻛر اﻻﺳﺗﻌﻣﺎري ﻓﻲ اﻟﺟزاﺋر‪ ،‬إن‪ ":‬ﻓرﻧﺳﺎ ﺳﻌت ﻣن ﺧﻼل ﺗﺷﻐﯾل‬
‫اﻷطﻔﺎل اﻟﺟزاﺋرﯾﯾن ﻓﻲ ﻣﺳﺢ اﻷﺣذﯾﺔ إﻟﻰ إھﺎﻧﺔ ھذا اﻟﺷﻌب اﻟذي وﺟدﺗﮫ ﻛرﯾﻣﺎ‬
‫‪".‬ﻋزﯾز اﻟﻧﻔس ﻣﺗﻌﻠﻣﺎ‬
‫وأﺿﺎﻓت‪" :‬أرادت ﻓرﻧﺳﺎ أن ﯾرﻛﻊ ھذا اﻟﺷﻌب وأﺑﻧﺎؤه ﻟﺟزﻣﺔ اﻟرﺟل اﻟﻔرﻧﺳﻲ‬
‫واﻷوروﺑﻲ ﻋﻣوﻣﺎ‪ ..‬أرادت أن ﺗﺟﻌﻠﮫ ﻻ ﯾرى ﺷﯾﺋﺎ ﺳوى ﺟزﻣﺔ اﻟﺟﻧدي‪ ..‬وأن ﻻ‬
‫‪".‬ﯾرﻓﻊ رأﺳﮫ إﻟﻰ اﻟﺳﻣﺎء أﺑدا‬
‫وﺗﻛﺷف ﺑن ﺑراھم أن "ﺟﺑﮭﺔ اﻟﺗﺣرﯾر اﻟوطﻧﻲ"‪ ،‬اﻟﺗﻲ ﻗﺎدت ﺣرب اﻟﺗﺣرﯾر ﺿد‬
‫ﻓرﻧﺳﺎ‪ ،‬ﻋرﻓت ﻛﯾف ﺗﺳﺗﻔﯾد ﻣن ﻣﺎﺳﺣﻲ اﻷﺣذﯾﺔ اﻷطﻔﺎل ﻓﻲ ﺧدﻣﺔ اﻟﺛورة‬
‫‪".‬واﻻﺳﺗﻘﻼل‪ ،‬ﻣﺎ ﯾﻌﻧﻲ أﻧﮭم ﻛﺎﻧوا "ﻋﯾﻧﺎ ﻟﻠﺛورة ﻓﻲ اﻟﻣدن‬
‫وﺗﺎﺑﻌت‪" :‬ﻟﻘد ﻛﻠّﻔت اﻟﺟﺑﮭﺔ ﻣﺎﺳﺣﻲ اﻷﺣذﯾﺔ ﺑﻣﮭﻣﺎت ﺛﻼث ﻛﺎﻧت ﺣﺎﺳﻣﺔ اﻟﻣﻌرﻛﺔ‬
‫ﺿد اﻟﻣﺳﺗﻌﻣر ﻓﻲ اﻟﻣدن‪ ،‬اﻟﻣﮭﻣﺔ اﻷوﻟﻰ ﻣراﻗﺑﺔ ﺗﺣرﻛﺎت ﺟﻧود ﺟﯾش اﻻﺣﺗﻼل‬
‫اﻟﻔرﻧﺳﻲ واﻟﻣﺳؤوﻟﯾن اﻟﻔرﻧﺳﯾﯾن اﻟﻌﺳﻛرﯾﯾن ﻣﻧﮭم واﻹدارﯾﯾن ورﺟﺎل اﻟﻣﺧﺎﺑرات‬
‫واﻟﺷرطﺔ واﻟدرك‪ ،‬وﻣﻌرﻓﺔ اﻟطرق اﻟﺗﻲ ﯾﺳﻠﻛوﻧﮭﺎ ﯾوﻣﯾﺎ واﻷﻣﺎﻛن اﻟﺗﻲ ﯾﺗرددون‬
‫‪".‬ﻋﻠﯾﮭﺎ واﻟﻣﻘﺎھﻲ واﻟﺣﺎﻧﺎت اﻟﺗﻲ ﯾﺟﻠﺳون ﻓﯾﮭﺎ‬
‫واﻟﻣﮭﻣﺔ اﻟﺛﺎﻧﯾﺔ ﺟﻌﻠت ﻣﻧﮭم ﺻﻧدوق ﺑرﯾد‪ ،‬ﺣﯾث ﻛﺎن ﻣﺎﺳﺣو اﻷﺣذﯾﺔ ﯾﺳﺗﻠﻣون "‪:‬‬
‫اﻟرﺳﺎﺋل ﻣن رﺟﺎل اﻟﺛورة وﯾﺳﻠﻣوﻧﮭﺎ ﺑدورھم ﻟﻠﻣﻌﻧﯾﯾن ﺑﮭﺎ‪ ،‬وﺛﺎﻟﺛﺎ وأﺧﯾرا ﻛﺎﻧوا‬
‫ﻣﺳﺗودﻋﺎ ﺗوﺿﻊ ﻓﯾﮫ اﻟﻣﺳدﺳﺎت ﺑﻌد ﺗﻧﻔﯾذ اﻟﻔداﺋﯾﯾن ﻋﻣﻠﯾﺎت اﻏﺗﯾﺎل ﺿد ﻓرﻧﺳﯾﯾن‪،‬‬
‫ﺣﯾث ﯾُﺗرك اﻟﻣﺳدس ﻓﻲ ﺻﻧدوق ﻣﺎﺳﺢ اﻷﺣذﯾﺔ‪ ،‬وﺑﻌد أن ﺗﮭدأ اﻷوﺿﺎع ﯾﻌﯾد‬
‫‪.‬ﻣﺎﺳﺢ اﻷﺣذﯾﺔ اﻟﻣﺳدس ﻟﻠﺟﺑﮭﺔ" ﺑﺣﺳب ﺑن ﺑراھم‬
‫وﺗذﻛر ﺑن ﺑراھم أن اﻟدوﻟﺔ اﻟﺟزاﺋرﯾﺔ‪ ،‬وﻋرﻓﺎﻧﺎ ﺑدور ھؤﻻء ﻓﻲ ﻛﺳب ﻣﻌرﻛﺔ‬
‫ﺗﻛرﻣﮭم ﺑﻣرﺳوم ﺗﻧﮭﻲ ﺑﮫ ھذه اﻟﻣﮭﻧﺔ إﻟﻰ اﻷﺑد ﻓﻲ اﻟﺟزاﺋر‬
‫‪.‬اﻟﺗﺣرﯾر‪ ،‬ﻗررت أن ّ‬
‫وإﻟﻰ اﻟﯾوم ﻻ ﯾﻛﺎد اﻟﺟزاﺋرﯾون ﯾذﻛرون ﻣﺎﺳﺣﻲ اﻷﺣذﯾﺔ‪ ،‬إﻻ ﻣن ﺧﻼل اﻷﻓﻼم‬
‫اﻟﺛورﯾﺔ اﻟﺗﻲ ﯾﺷﺎھدوﻧﮭﺎ ﻣﻊ ﻛل ﻣﻧﺎﺳﺑﺔ ﺗﺗﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﺎﻟﺗﺎرﯾﺦ اﻟوطﻧﻲ‪ ،‬وﺗﻣﺛّل ﻣﮭﻧﺔ‬
‫ﻣﺎﺳﺣﻲ اﻷﺣذﯾﺔ وﺟﻌﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻧﺳﺑﺔ ﻟﺷﻌب ﯾرﻓض أن ﯾﮭﺎن‬

‫‪Algeria is a country without a shoemaker‬‬

‫‪Algeria, independent from French colonialism in July 1962, chose to begin its‬‬
reign with freedom by obliterating every trace of the "executioner", no matter
how insignificant this effect was.
In February 1963, only 7 months after independence, the former president of
Algeria, Ahmed Ben Bella, ordered the assembling of the small shoe wipers in
Ibn Khaldun Hall in the capital and agreed with his late adviser Bashir
Boumaizah to distribute them to centers to educate them and erase their
illiteracy. The beginning of the declaration of war on the profession of shoe
wipers, and all the inferior occupations that France was humiliated by
Algerians.
"This category represents a scene of humiliating Andigans," said President Ben
Bella, speaking of the shoe explorer. "And the Andean is a French term that
means the people, and it was launched by France against the Algerians."
They were subjected to injustice twice by the injustice of insulting the
profession of inferiority and the injustice of the denial of wages, which made
their pains multiply, especially since many of them were supporting families
during colonial times, when the Algerians were dying hundreds of daily hunger
And various diseases.
President Ben Bella's decision to retaliate against humiliating France-Algerians
with poor jobs also prevented tipping in restaurants, cafes and hotels, and
prevented taxi drivers from riding in the back seat if the front seat was empty.
This was a sign of humiliation that the Algerians rejected The era of freedom,
where: "No master over this earth except the people," in the famous words of
the late President Houari Boumediene.
When President Boumediene came to power in 1965, he issued a decree
banning shoes, tattoos, and taxi drivers' behavior, but it was first for his
predecessor, Ahmed Ben Bella.
"France, through the employment of Algerian children in the shoe survey,
sought to insult this people, which I found to be a generous and self-taught
educator," said Fatima El-Zahraa Ben Brahim, president of the Foundation for
the Prevention of Colonial Thought in Algeria.
She added: "France wanted to kneel this people and their sons to the dignity of
the French man and the European in general .. wanted to make him see
nothing but the soldier's boots .. And never raise his head to heaven."
Ben Brahem reveals that the National Liberation Front (FLN), which led the
liberation war against France, knew how to take advantage of the children's
shoes in the service of revolution and independence, meaning that they were
"the eyes of the revolution in the cities."
The mission was to monitor the movements of the soldiers of the French
occupation army, French military officials, administrators, intelligence men,
police and gendarmes, to know the routes they take daily, the places they
frequented, the cafes and bars where they sit. "He said.
"The second task was to set up a post office, where the shoe wielders would
receive the messages from the revolutionaries and hand them over to those
concerned. Thirdly, they were a warehouse where the pistols were placed. The
shoe scanner returns the pistol to the front, "according to Ben Brahm.
Ben Brahm recalls that the Algerian state, recognizing the role of those in
winning the battle of liberation, decided to honor them with a decree ending
this profession forever in Algeria.
To this day, the Algerians hardly mention the shoe healers, except through the
revolutionary films they see with every occasion related to national history. The
profession of shoe-wipers is a headache for a people who refuse to be
humiliated.