1.

A + 2B P ( A : orde 1 dan B : Orde 2)

M : Ao B0
B : -X -2X
S : Ao-X Bo-2X

Ao – X = A
X = Ao – A
Bo – 2X = B
2X = Bo-B
𝐵𝑜 − 𝐵
X= 2
𝐵𝑜 − 𝐵
Ao- A = 2

2 (Ao-A) = Bo-B
B = Bo-2Ao + 2A

r = K.A.B
𝑑𝐴
− = 𝑘. [𝐴]. [𝐵]2
𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝐴 𝑃 𝑞 𝑅
= 𝐴 + 𝐵0−2𝐴0+2𝐴 + (𝐵0−2𝐴0+2𝐴)2 (dikali dengan 𝐴(𝐵0 − 2𝐴0 + 2𝐴)2 )
𝐴(𝐵0−2𝐴0+2𝐴)2
 1 = P ((𝐵0 − 2𝐴0 + 2𝐴)2) + Q A (𝐵0 − 2𝐴0 + 2𝐴) + RA
1 = PBo2 + 2PA02 + 2PA2 + QAB0 – 2QAA0 + 2QA2 + RA
1 = P (B02 – 2A02) + Q (B0-2A0)A + 2 (P+Q) A2 + RA
 P (B02 – 2A02) = 1
1
P = (Bo2 – 2Ao2 )

 2P + 2Q = 0
2Q = -2P
1
Q = - (Bo2 – 2Ao2 )

 Q (B0 – 2A0) + R = 0
R = - Q (B0 – 2A0)
1
R = - (− 2 2
) (B0 – 2A0)
(Bo – 2Ao )
(B0 – 2A0)
R = (Bo2 – 2Ao2 )

𝐴
𝑑𝐴
∫ 2
𝐴0 𝐴(𝐵0 − 2𝐴0 + 2𝐴)
𝐴 𝐴
1 𝑑𝐴 1 𝑑𝐴 (B0 – 2A0) 𝐴 𝑑𝐴
= 2 2
∫ − 2 2
∫ + ∫
(Bo – 2Ao ) 𝐴0 𝐴 (Bo – 2Ao ) 𝐴0 𝐵0 − 2𝐴0 + 2𝐴 (Bo – 2Ao ) 𝐴0 ( 𝐵𝑜 − 2𝐴𝑜 + 2𝐴)2
2 2
𝑡
= −𝑘 ∫ 𝑑𝑡
𝑡0
1 𝐴 1 𝐵𝑜−2𝐴𝑜+2𝐴 (Bo – 2Ao) 1 1
𝐼𝑛 − 𝐼𝑛 + (− 𝐵𝑜−2𝐴𝑜+2𝐴 + ) = −𝑘𝑡 (dikali -1)
(Bo2 – 2Ao2 ) 𝐴0 (Bo2 – 2Ao2 ) 𝐵𝑜−2𝐴𝑜+2𝐴𝑜 (Bo2 – 2Ao2 ) 𝐵𝑜−2𝐴𝑜+2𝐴𝑜
 1 𝐴𝑜 1 𝐵 (Bo – 2Ao) 1 1
𝐼𝑛 + 𝐼𝑛 + (𝐵 − ) = 𝑘𝑡
(Bo2 – 2Ao2 ) 𝐴 (Bo2 – 2Ao2 ) 𝐵𝑜 (Bo2 – 2Ao2 ) 𝐵𝑜

𝐴𝑜 .𝐵 (Bo – 2Ao) 1 1
In 𝐴 .𝐵𝑜 = (B02 – 2A02) - (𝐵 − )
(Bo2 – 2Ao2 ) 𝐵𝑜

𝐵 (Bo – 2Ao) 1 1 𝐵𝑜
In 𝐴 = (B02 – 2A02)kt - (𝐵 − ) In 𝐴𝑜
(Bo2 – 2Ao2 ) 𝐵𝑜

2. A + 2B P ( A : orde 2 dan B : Orde 1)

M : Ao B0
B : -X -2X
S : Ao-X Bo-2X

Ao – X = A
X = Ao – A
Bo – 2X = B
2X = Bo-B
𝐵𝑜 − 𝐵
X= 2
𝐵𝑜 − 𝐵
Ao- A = 2

2 (Ao-A) = Bo-B
B = Bo-2Ao + 2A
r = K.A2.B
𝑑𝐴
− = 𝑘. [𝐴]2 . [𝐵]
𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝐴 𝑃 𝑞 𝑅
= 𝐴 + 𝐴2 + (𝐵0−2𝐴0+2𝐴) (dikali dengan 𝐴2 (𝐵0 − 2𝐴0 + 2𝐴)
𝐴2 (𝐵0−2𝐴0+2𝐴)

1 = P A ((𝐵0 − 2𝐴0 + 2𝐴) + Q (𝐵0 − 2𝐴0 + 2𝐴) + RA2

1 = PABo + 2PAA0 + 2PA2 + QB0 – 2QA0 + 2QA + RA2
1 = P (B0 – 2A0)A + Q (B0-2A0) + (2P+R) A2 + 2QA
 Q (B0 – 2A0) = 1
1
Q = (Bo – 2Ao)

 P (Bo – 2Ao ) + 2Q = 0
1
P (Bo – 2Ao ) + 2((Bo – 2Ao)) = 0
2
P = − (Bo – 2Ao)2

 2P + R = 0
R = - 2P
2
R = - 2 (− (Bo – 2Ao)2 )
4
R = (Bo – 2Ao)2

𝐴 𝐴 𝐴 𝐴
𝑑𝐴 2 𝑑𝐴 1 𝑑𝐴 4 𝑑𝐴
∫ 2 =− ∫ + ∫ + ∫
𝐴0 𝐴 (𝐵0 − 2𝐴0 + 2𝐴) (Bo – 2Ao)2 𝐴0 𝐴 (Bo – 2Ao) 𝐴0 𝐴2 (Bo – 2Ao)2 𝐴0 ( 𝐵𝑜 − 2𝐴𝑜 + 2𝐴)
𝑡
= −𝑘 ∫ 𝑑𝑡
𝑡0
 2 𝐴 1 1 1 4 𝐵𝑜−2𝐴𝑜+2𝐴
− (Bo – 2Ao)2 𝐼𝑛 + (− 𝐴 + ) + (Bo – 2Ao)2 𝐼𝑛 = −𝑘𝑡 (dikali -1)
𝐴0 (Bo – 2Ao) 𝐴𝑜 𝐵𝑜−2𝐴𝑜+2𝐴𝑜

2 𝐴 1 1 1 4 𝐵𝑜
𝐼𝑛 + (𝐴 − )+ 𝐼𝑛 = 𝑘𝑡
(Bo – 2Ao)2 𝐴0 (Bo – 2Ao) 𝐴𝑜 (Bo – 2Ao)2 𝐵

𝐴 .𝐵𝑜 (B0 – 2A0)2 1 1 1

In 𝐴𝑜 .𝐵 = kt - (Bo – 2Ao)
(𝐴 − )
8 𝐴𝑜

3. 2A + 3B P ( A : orde 1 dan B : Orde 2)

M : Ao B0
B : -X -3/2X
S : Ao-X Bo-3/2X

Ao – X = A
X = Ao – A
Bo – 3/2X = B
3/2X = Bo-B
𝐵𝑜 − 𝐵 2𝐵𝑜 − 2𝐵
X= =
3/2 3

2𝐵𝑜 −2 𝐵
Ao- A = 3

3 (Ao-A) = 2Bo- 2B
3 3
B = Bo - 2Ao + 2A
r = K.A.B
𝑑𝐴
− = 𝑘. [𝐴]. [𝐵]2
𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝐴 𝑃 𝑞 𝑅 3 3
3 3 =𝐴+ 3 3 + 3 3 (dikali dengan 𝐴(𝐵0 − 2 𝐴0 + 2 𝐴)2
𝐴(𝐵0− 𝐴0+ 𝐴)2 𝐵0− 𝐴0+ 𝐴 (𝐵0− 𝐴0+ 𝐴)2
2 2 2 2 2 2

3 3 3 3
1 = P (𝐵0 − 2 𝐴0 + 2 𝐴)2 + Q A (𝐵0 − 2 𝐴0 + 2 𝐴 )+ RA
3 3 3 3
1 = PBo2 +2 PA02 + 2PA2 + QAB0 – 2QAA0 + 2QA2 + RA
3 3 3 3
1 = P (B02 – 2A02) + Q (B0-2A0)A + 2 (2P+2Q) A2 + RA
3
 P (B02 – 2A02) = 1
1
P= 3
(Bo2 – Ao2 )
2

3 3
 P + 2Q = 0
2
3 3
Q = -2P
2
1
Q=- 3
(Bo2 – Ao2 )
2

3
 Q (B0 – 2A0) + R = 0
3
R = - Q (B0 – 2A0)
1 3
R = - (− 3 ) (B0 – 2A0)
(Bo2 – Ao2 )
2
3
(B0 – A0)
2
R= 3
(Bo2 – Ao2 )
2
 𝐴
𝑑𝐴
∫
3 3
𝐴0 𝐴(𝐵0 − 𝐴0 + 𝐴)2
2 2
3
1 𝐴
𝑑𝐴 1 𝐴
𝑑𝐴 (B0 – 2 A0) 𝐴 𝑑𝐴
= ∫ − ∫ + ∫
3 3 3 3 3 3 3
(Bo2 – 2 Ao2 ) 𝐴0 𝐴 (Bo2 – 2 Ao2 ) 𝐴0 𝐵0 − 2 𝐴0 + 2 𝐴 (Bo2 – 2 Ao2 ) 𝐴0 ( 𝐵𝑜 − 2 𝐴𝑜 + 2 𝐴)2
𝑡
= −𝑘 ∫ 𝑑𝑡
𝑡0
3 3 3
1 𝐴 1 𝐵𝑜− 𝐴𝑜+ 𝐴 (Bo – Ao) 1 1
2 2 2
3 𝐼𝑛 − 3 𝐼𝑛 3 3 + 3 (− 3 3 + 3 3 ) = −𝑘𝑡 (dikali -1)
(Bo2 – Ao2 ) 𝐴0 (Bo2 – Ao2 ) 𝐵𝑜− 𝐴𝑜+ 𝐴𝑜 (Bo2 – Ao2 ) 𝐵𝑜− 𝐴𝑜+ 𝐴 𝐵𝑜− 𝐴𝑜+ 𝐴𝑜
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2

3
1 𝐴𝑜 1 𝐵 (Bo – Ao) 1 1
2
3 𝐼𝑛 + 3 𝐼𝑛 + 3 (𝐵 − ) = 𝑘𝑡
(Bo2 – Ao2 ) 𝐴 (Bo2 – Ao2 ) 𝐵𝑜 (Bo2 – Ao2 ) 𝐵𝑜
2 2 2

3
𝐴𝑜 .𝐵 3 (Bo – Ao) 1 1
In 𝐴 .𝐵𝑜 = (B02 – 2A02) - 2
3 (𝐵 − )
(Bo2 – Ao2 ) 𝐵𝑜
2

3
𝐵 3 (Bo – Ao) 1 1 𝐵𝑜
In 𝐴 = (B02 – 2A02)kt - 2
3 (𝐵 − ) In 𝐴𝑜
(Bo2 – Ao2 ) 𝐵𝑜
2

4. 2 A + 3B P ( A : orde 1 dan B : Orde 2)

M : Ao B0
B : -X -3/2X
S : Ao-X Bo-3/2X

Ao – X = A
 X = Ao – A
Bo – 3/2X = B
3/2X = Bo-B
𝐵𝑜 − 𝐵 2𝐵𝑜 − 2𝐵
X= =
3/2 3

2𝐵𝑜 −2 𝐵
Ao- A =
3

3 (Ao-A) = 2Bo- 2B
3 3
B = Bo - 2Ao + 2A

r = K.A2.B
𝑑𝐴
− = 𝑘. [𝐴]2 . [𝐵]
𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝐴 𝑃 𝑞 𝑅 3 3
3 3 = 𝐴 + 𝐴2 + 3 3 (dikali dengan 𝐴2 (𝐵0 − 2 𝐴0 + 2 𝐴)
𝐴2 (𝐵0− 𝐴0+ 𝐴) (𝐵0− 𝐴0+ 𝐴)
2 2 2 2

3 3 3 3
1 = P A ((𝐵0 − 2 𝐴0 + 2 𝐴) + Q (𝐵0 − 2 𝐴0 + 2 𝐴) + RA2
3 3 3 3
1 = PABo + 2PAA0 + 2PA2 + QB0 – 2QA0 + 2QA + RA2
3 3 3 3
1 = P (B0 – 2A0)A + Q (B0-2A0) + (2P+R) A2 + 2QA
3
 Q (B0 – 2A0) = 1
1
Q= 3
(Bo – Ao)
2

3 3
 P (Bo – 2Ao ) + 2Q = 0
 3 3 1
P (Bo – 2Ao ) + 2 ( 3 )=0
(Bo – Ao)
2
3
P=− 3
2(Bo – Ao)2
2

3
 P+R=0
2
3
R = - 2P
3 3
R = - 2 (− 2(Bo – 2Ao)2 )
9
R = 4(Bo – 2Ao)2

𝐴 𝐴 𝐴 𝐴
𝑑𝐴 3 𝑑𝐴 1 𝑑𝐴 9 𝑑𝐴
∫ =− ∫ + ∫ 2 + ∫
3 3
𝐴0 𝐴2 (𝐵0 − 𝐴0 + 𝐴)
3 2 𝐴0 𝐴 3 𝐴0 𝐴
3 2 𝐴0 ( 𝐵𝑜 − 3 𝐴𝑜 + 3 𝐴)
2(Bo – Ao) (Bo – Ao) 4(Bo – Ao)
2 2 2 2 2 2 2
𝑡
= −𝑘 ∫ 𝑑𝑡
𝑡0
3 3
3 𝐴 1 1 1 9 𝐵𝑜− 𝐴𝑜+ 𝐴
2 2
− (2Bo – 3Ao)2 𝐼𝑛 + 3 (− 𝐴 + ) + (4Bo – 6Ao)2 𝐼𝑛 3 3 = −𝑘𝑡 (dikali -1)
𝐴0 (Bo – Ao) 𝐴𝑜 𝐵𝑜− 𝐴𝑜+ 𝐴𝑜
2 2 2

3 𝐴 1 1 1 9 𝐵𝑜
𝐼𝑛 + 3 (𝐴 − )+ 𝐼𝑛 = 𝑘𝑡
(2Bo – 3Ao)2 𝐴0 (Bo – Ao) 𝐴𝑜 (4Bo – 6Ao)2 𝐵
2