Zambia

Cuidades principales

Población de las ciudades principales[editar]

Ciudad Población
Lusaka 1 218 200
Ndola 547 900
Kitwe 368 800
Kabwe 213 800
Chingola 150 500
Luanshya 124 800
Livingstone 108 100

Industria

the past decade, the Zambian government made an essential move towards privatized and open
market economy.

This reduced Zambia’s heavy dependence on copper, leading to a growing trend towards non-
traditional exports including agro-processing, primary products and textiles.

This trend has transformed the Zambian economy that has seen strong growth in recent years with
GDP growth more than 6% in the time period of 2005 to 2013.

The GDP composition by sector of origin of Zambia includes agriculture industry that accounts for
19.8% of the GDP, industry for 33.8% and services for 46.5%.

Major industries of Zambia include copper mining and processing, construction, emerald mining,
beverages, food, textiles, chemicals, fertilizer and horticulture.

The main contributors to overall growth of Zambian industry include manufacturing industry,
agriculture industry, transport and communication, construction and wholesale and trade.

These industries collectively accounted for more than 70% of gross domestic product.

Balance of trade in Zambia averaged ZMW 156.72 million during the time period of 2003 to 2014
reaching an all-time high of 1484 million in 2011 January.

In December of 2014, the trade deficit of Zambia was recorded ZMW 81.90 million Zambian Kwacha.
The trade surplus of Zambia is a result of cooper exports.

The country also exports tobacco, sugar, gemstones and cotton. Zambia is an importer of machinery
and fuel. The main trading partner of Zambia is China followed by Congo-Kinshasa and South Africa.
Some other trading partners of Zambia include Canada, Germany, France, Italy, Indonesia, japan,
Mexico, Russia, Spain, Turkey, United Kingdom and India.

The Zambian industry hasn’t been affected by the European debt crisis but the economy is vulnerable
to slowdown which could ultimately have an impact on exports of Zambia.

The agriculture sector in Zambia has been robust in past few years by producing bumper harvest
since 2009, with maize and staples leading the produce.

Although agriculture is the main contributor of Zambian growth but it remains affected by inefficient
rural infrastructure and droughts.

In order to increase the efficiency of infrastructure, the government increased budget allocation for
agriculture in 2012 by 6.1% with major part of the funding going to the Farmer Input Support
Programme.

Other important areas of development in agriculture include livestock, irrigation infrastructure,

aquaculture development and fisheries.

In the mining industry of Zambia, the output fell in 2011 to 0.7% as there was an uncertainty due to
presidential elections due to which major investment projects were deferred.

With the 2011 elections gone smoothly, the mining investment picked up the pace with a growth of
10.6% and 10.3% in 2012 and 2013.

In the recent years, the construction industry has been pivotal in economic growth of Zambia with the
construction sector has contributed some 21.1% of the economy in 2011.

The rebound witnessed in mining activity along with increased expenditure on infrastructure
development are expected to further boost the construction sector and lead to a growth rate of 17%
in 2015.

As Zambia is moving towards diversified economy, the manufacturing sector is becoming much more
important to long-term growth and employment strategy of Zambia.

In 2011, the manufacturing industry of Zambia witnessed growth of 5% but the sector overall
accounted for 9.1% compared to 1102% in 2006.

Growth in this sector is mainly driven by increase in investment especially in agro-processing in

response to business reforms and prudent economic management.

For growth to be sustainable in manufacturing and other industries there is a need for improved
access to finance and continued implementation of reforms to increase participation of private sector.

However high interest rates in Zambia remain challenge to accessing credit as far as small
businesses are concerned.

To reduce lending rates, the Zambian government reduced the corporate tax rate from 40% to 35%
in the banking sector.

In addition, the central bank of Zambia also cut the statutory reserve ratio to 5% from 8% to free
resources of commercial banks for private sector lending.
The government has also increased minimum capital base to ZMW 104 billion for local banks and
ZMK 520 billion for foreign bank.

Considering the small domestic market of Zambia, the government is promoting trade diversification
through participation in regional, multilateral and bilateral trade.

In the WTO Doha Development Agenda negotiations, Zambia coordinated with group of 50 LDCs.

Zambia is also a member of the Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa and the Southern
Africa Development Community but these trading agreements haven’t produced the desired impacts.

The trade policy of Zambia has remained predominantly unchanged since the country introduced
comprehensive reform programme in 1990s including removing exchange controls, eliminating export
import license, reducing import duties, abolishing export bans and introducing export incentives,
decontrolling prices and removing subsidies.

Although trade policy has remained unchanged but the large gap between the bound rate (105%)
and average applied MFN tariff rate (13%) along with absence of bindings for over 83% tariff lines
have create degree of uncertainty for traders.

Trade is playing a very significant role in economic development of Zambia. The country has moved
from import substitution to export promotion in order to increase emphasis on external and internal
markets.

Zambia’s vision 2030 is based on the trade policies that anchors the overall framework of long term
vision for Zambia along with setting social and economic targets to be achieved by 2030.
Zambia industry august 19, 2016

Zambia to invest usd15m in mulungushi textile factory

The government of zambia will invest usd15m in re-establishing the mulungushi textile factory,
located in kabwe, central zambia.

President edgar lungu made the announcement during the reopening ceremony of the textile mill on
august 1st 2016.

The factory is expected to create over 20,000 jobs in the next 5 years, boost the cotton industry in
zambia and increase its exports.

Andrew chipwende, general director of the industrial development corporation (idc) of zambia said
that a technical team has concluded the operation assessment in readiness for a full-fledged
production.

I have further explained that the plant will be manufacturing various garments including military and
police uniforms.

The government of zambia completed the takeover of the mulungushi factory in 2016, 9 years after
it closed in 2007 due to operational and financial difficulties.

Zambia textile industry

The government of zambia identifies textiles as one of the priority sectors for the country's
industrialization and economic development.

The zambian textile industry is considered to be labor intensive with potential to greatly contribute to
employment and wealth creation at all stages of its value chain.

Currently (2016), the sector employs over 670 people across zambia, while the government is putting
up deliberate measures to further support the growth of the sector.

Capital

Zambia is an inland african country bordering the democratic republic of the congo, tanzania, malawi,
mozambique, zimbabwe, botswana, namibia and angola. It owes its current name to the zambezi
river, although during its colonial period it was known as northern rhodesia, and it is divided into 9
provinces. What is the capital of zambia?

The capital of zambia is lusaka, the most populous city in the country and its main reference. It was
founded by european settlers in 1905 and, although it is not very large, it does have some features
of modernity and the friendly bustle that its shops, markets and bazaars offer.

Lusaka is twinned with cities as diverse as dushanbe (tajikistan), los angeles (united states), cork
(ireland) and izhevsk (russia); and, among others, offers the visitor the following places of interest:
national museum, kabwata cultural center, namwane art gallery, munda wanga botanical garden and
statue of liberty.

If you visit lusaka you will have no problem with the temperature, since, whatever the season, it
ranges between 15 ° c and 25 ° c. The climate is humid subtropical, with mild summers and mild
winters.
Science

Language

The official language of zambia is english, which is used in both official and lingua franca matters,
and is generally taught in schools. In addition to english, 72 other local dialects are spoken, most
notably the nyanja in lusaka. Other dialects that stand out are the bemba, kaounde, tonga, lunda and
luvale.

The government has already discussed introducing other languages into school curricula, such as
portuguese.19 french is studied in some private schools while in secondary school it is optional. A
german course was also introduced at the university of zambia (lusaka).

Typical dishes drinks

Zambia

CUSTOM:

African customs are very varied because of the cultural richness of the continent, they can be
distinguished in principle in two large groups: Muslim Africa and Black Africa.

• For example, in Angola, the influence of the Bantu persists, and in certain areas the custom of
venerating the ancestors is still maintained by ceremonies of animal sacrifices. On the other hand
part of the Angolan population adopted Catholic customs, it is common to find people who maintain
Christian traditions and Catholic churches in the cities of the country.

• In Congo, for example, people greet each other saying bon jour (French) or Mbote (Lingala); this
cultural coexistence is due to the fact that Africa was colonized by European countries in the modern
era, and in antiquity by societies of Arab origin, for which there are various mestizo manifestations
between African, Arab-Muslim and European customs. An example of this is Morocco, in this country
customs of Arab origin are maintained, such as inviting a cup of tea to your guests. For example,
another custom that mixes traditions are the demonstrations of affection between men who hold
hands, this curious custom is highlighted because in this country many areas do not allow
demonstrations of affection between men and women.

• Even so it is common to find ancient customs, especially in the southern part of the continent, where
there are many ethnic groups. One of the most widespread customs is the lobolo, a ceremony to ask
for the hand of the bride, a negotiation that is usually made between the parents and that consists
mainly in giving a dowry to the parents of the bride that compensates the loss of the daughter , this
custom tries to demonstrate a respect between families and strengthen the bonds between them.

• In Zambia, for example, many cultures continue the habit of basketry, inherited from ancestral times.
In this country, more than 20 traditional ceremonies of ancestral origin are celebrated. The Kuomboka
for example is a Lozi party to celebrate the growing waters that flow out of the alluvial plain. The
Mtomboko is another great ceremony performed by the Bemba in honor of victories achieved by their
tribe in past eras.

TYPICAL MEALS:

• Nshim

The staple food of the Zambesa kitchen. They are porridge prepared with ground corn, which is
known as sadza in Zimbabwe and as mealie-pap in South Africa.

• chinaka

A traditional meal of the Tumbuka tribe of Zambia. It is a type of sausage known for its strong flavor
and its strength for the stomach.

• Caterpillars

Zambia is a delicacy. They are sold in some markets and even served as an appetizer in some
restaurants.

• The kibbutz

It's a popular type of salad that Zambians love. It is very easy to prepare, as well as nutritious and
delicious.

TYPICAL DRINKS:

Munkoyo is one of Zambia's favorite soft drinks. You can find it anywhere in the country, be it a city
or a town, and regardless of the tribe that inhabits it.

Religion

Religion in Zambia

Religion Percentage

Protestants, evangelicals and independent 60%

Catholics 21%

Religions with ethnic components 10%

Jehovah's Witnesses 5%

Bahai's 1.5%

Non religious and atheists 1%

Other 1.5%

Zambia is officially a Christian nation according to the 1996 constitution, with a wide variety of religious
traditions. Traditional religious thoughts are easily mixed with Christian beliefs in many of the country's
syncretic churches. About three quarters of the population is Protestant, while about 20% are
followers of Catholicism. Christian denominations include Catholicism, Anglicanism, Pentecostalism,
New Apostolicism, Lutheranism, Jehovah's Witnesses, the Seventh-day Adventist Church, The
Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, Branhamites, and a variety of evangelical denominations.

These grew and prospered from the original missionary settlements (Portuguese and Catholicism in
eastern Mozambique) and Anglicanism (British influences) from the south. With the exception of some
technical positions (for example, doctors), the roles of Western missionaries have been assumed by
native believers. After Frederick Chiluba (a Pentecostal Christian) became president in 1991,
Pentecostal congregations expanded considerably throughout the country. Zambia has one of the
highest percentage of Seventh-day Adventists per capita in the world, which represents
approximately 1 in 18 of Zambia.

One in every 11 of Zambia is a member of the New Apostolic Church. With membership above
1,200,000 the Zambian district of the church is the third largest after Middle Congo and East Africa
(Nairobi).

The Bahá'í population of Zambia is more than 160,000, or 1.5% of the population. The Masetlha
Mmutle William Foundation led by the Bahá'í community is particularly active in areas such as literacy
and primary health care. Approximately 1% of the population are Muslims, most of whom live in urban
areas and play a large economic role in the country. There are around 500 people who belong to the
Ahmadiyya sect. There is also a small Jewish community, composed mostly of the Ashkenazi.

Government and politics [edit]

Zambia is a republic, in which the executive power is held by the president - who is also the head of
state and the government - and the vice president, elected for a period of five years by popular vote.
There was also the position of prime minister, abolished during the government of Chiluba in 1991.

The government is composed of a cabinet elected by the president from among the members of the
National Assembly. The legislative power is unicameral; it is exercised by the National Assembly,
which has 150 members elected by a simple majority for a period of 5 years.
The Supreme Court has the judicial power, although the judges are appointed by the president; under
the Supreme Court is the Superior Court, the Courts of Magistrates and local courts in each of the
provinces.

Zambia is one of the most politically stable countries in Africa, and one of the few that has not suffered
coups or known authoritarian regimes throughout its history.
Weather

Victoria Falls. World Heritage declared by UNESCO.

The climate of Zambia is tropical, softened by altitude. According to the climatic classification of
Köppen, most of the country is classified as humid subtropical or tropical humid and dry, with small
sections of semi-arid climate of this stage in the southwest and along the valley of the Zambezi.

There are two main seasons, the rainy season (November to April), corresponding to summer, and
the dry season (May / June to October / November), which corresponds to winter. The dry season is
subdivided into two: the cold dry season (May / June to August) and the hot dry season (September
to October / November). The height gives the country a pleasant subtropical climate, instead of the
tropical conditions during the cold season from May to August.14 However, the monthly average
temperatures remain above 20 ° C in most of the year. country for eight or more months of the year.
Norway
MOST IMPORTANT CITIES IN NORWAY: TOURIST GUIDE

OSLO

The capital of Norway, Oslo, is located in the deep and picturesque fjord of the same name, and,
although it is a large and modern city, nature plays a very important role here. Oslo is one of the
oldest capitals of the Scandinavian states, populated by approximately half a million inhabitants, who
have a reputation for friendly and hospitable people.

BERGEN

The city was founded in 1070 on the shore of Vågen Bay by King Olaf III. A huge Bergenhus stone
castle was built a few dozen years later next to the city. The city a beautiful temperate climate. Bergen
attracts the attention of many people. Is that in the city is located a lot of places of interest and cultural
values.

LARVIK

Larvik is a small spa town in southern Norway. It is a port on the western coast of the Bojus Gulf. The
population of the city is about 40 thousand inhabitants. Larvik has well-developed paper and cellulose
industries, and shipbuilding. ...

LILLEHAMMER

Lillehammer is a unique city and famous ski resort, located on the shores of Lake Mjøsa. It gained
popularity after having hosted the Winter Olympic Games (White) of 1994. Since then in Lillehammer
the stages of World Cup competitions are regularly organized.

MOLD

It is a picturesque city of Norway that attracts with the beauty of its nature and richness of its historical
heritage. It is a pleasure, a real pleasure to walk through this city, there are so many amazing buildings
and monuments. Going around you can go through cozy cafes and restaurants, through the shops or
just relax on a bench in a mall.
 TROMSO

It is a picturesque and lively small town, surrounded by mountains, islands and fjords on all sides.
Apart from multiple places of interest, Tromso has a wide variety of nightly entertainment. There are
bars, clubs, restaurants, nightclubs ... It is a paradise for shopping lovers, those who are always eager
to go shopping at a mall or a butic,

TRONDHEIM

Trondheim can be deservedly called the cultural capital of Norway. This beautiful city piously
preserves the memory of the most relevant historical events. Its architecture is totally different from
that of other cities in the country. It seems to have been projected by a talented teacher who
calculated every inch of these vast squares and picturesque streets.

Industry

Evolution of Norwegian oil extraction in the North Sea.

In May 1963, Norway asserted sovereign rights over natural resources in the North Sea sector. The
exploration began on July 19, 1966, when the first well was drilled. The first farms were unsuccessful,
until the discovery of large wells in 1969, when it became clear the important energy reserves in
Norwegian waters. Currently the oil industry is fundamental in the Norwegian economy, with
sustained growth in the 1980s and 1990s of 80% of GDP. In the year 2000 Norway reached the
second place in the world in oil exports. The high profits obtained from the sale of oil and gas allow a
part to be allocated to the Government Pension Fund of Norway - whose mission is to guarantee
budgetary balances and allow the benefit of future generations - and whose amount exceeded 500
billion dollars at the beginning of 2012. This fund works as a sovereign fund, whose amount is
invested in companies all over the world, with the exception of companies dedicated to the
manufacture of war material and in national debt of other countries.

Norway has also decided to stay out of organizations such as the European Union or OPEC, setting
its own national energy policy plan. Oil production in 2012 exceeded 2 million barrels per day.

The rest of the industrial activity, in addition to the one associated with the treatment of petroleum
products, is still based on the exploitation and treatment of natural resources such as wood, hydraulic
energy and fishing. In the traditional industry is the metallurgy that, although it has lost weight in the
economy as a whole in the 21st century, continues to be a significant export activity. Equally important
are the construction of oil platforms and electronic products.

Oslo, the capital of Norway

Oslo is the largest city in Norway, and has been the official capital of the country since 1814.

Oslo is the seat of Government and Parliament. At the end of the main avenue, Karl Johans gate, is
the Royal Palace.

A big green city

Oslo is beautifully situated at the bottom of the Oslo Fjord and surrounded by wooded hills. The city
is an Eldorado for nature lovers.

If you are in the center, you will never be far from any park. A boat trip of about ten minutes will take
you to the beautiful beaches of the fjord islands. Oslo has, within its limits, hundreds of kilometers of
tracks prepared for cross-country skiing and also has eight alpine ski slopes.

At the same time, Oslo has everything that is expected of a big city. The city offers in abundance
places of interest, shopping possibilities, a rich cultural life and an almost unparalleled offer of
restaurants throughout Scandinavia.

The possibilities are always many - either enjoy an extravagant meal in a Michelin-starred restaurant,
or if you prefer, live a refreshing winter adventure on a dog sled in the rugged region of Oslo.

Oslo in numbers

Total area of the municipality of Oslo: 454 km²

Number of inhabitants January 2014: Municipality of Oslo 634,000, urban space approx 1 million
(Norway approx 5.1 million)

Forests: 242 km²

Parks, sports venues, etc .: 8 km²

Number of islands in the Oslo Fjord: 40

Number of lakes within Oslo: 343

Length of the Oslo Fjord: 100 km

Language
Map of the official linguistic varieties in the Norwegian municipalities.

Nynorsk

Bokmål

Norwegian is the native language of approximately 95% of the population. However, there are many
dialects that can differ significantly from each other. In general, most of these dialects can be
understood, although some may require considerable effort on the part of the listener. Since the
nineteenth century, Norwegian has been the subject of great political and cultural controversy, which
has led to the creation of two official writing standards: the Bokmål and the Nynorsk. The bokmål is
closer to the Danish, while the Nynorsk tries to combine the majority of dialects from different parts
of the country. Both variants are recognized as official languages, being used in Public Administration,
schools and churches, as well as in the media, where there are minimum percentages of emission in
each one. The bokmål is the one used to write the vast majority of the population (85-90%), although
at the time of speaking it is common to use the dialects of each area. There are also some more
conservative variants of Bokmal and Nynorsk, called Riksmål and Høgnorsk, respectively.

Several Sami languages are also spoken, especially the Sami people in the north of the country. All
Norwegians have the right to receive education in the Sami language, no matter where they live, and
to receive government communications in those languages. The Kven minority speaks the Kven
language or the Finnish language. Neither the Sami nor the Kven nor the Finnish have a relationship
with the Norwegian, since they belong to a linguistic family - the Finno-Ugric languages - completely
different. Currently, Norway does not have its own and official sign language.

Norwegian is similar to the other languages of the Scandinavian countries, such as Swedish and
Danish. The three languages are mutually intelligible, so they can be - and indeed are - used in
communication between the inhabitants of Scandinavia. Note 2 As a result of the cooperation in the
Nordic Council, the inhabitants of all the Nordic countries, including Iceland and Finland have the
right to communicate with the Norwegian authorities in their respective languages.

Norwegian children of immigrants are encouraged to learn the Norwegian language. Likewise, the
Government offers language courses for those immigrants who wish to obtain Norwegian citizenship.
Norway also stands out for its high level of literacy, being one of the 19 countries in the world that
does not have illiteracy rates. [Citation needed]

English is the main foreign language taught in elementary schools in Norway. The majority of the
population speaks it fluently, especially those born after the Second World War. German, French or
Spanish are also commonly taught as a second or third language. Other languages such as Russian,
Japanese, Italian, Latin and rarely Chinese Mandarin are available in some schools, especially in the
cities. All in all, English, German and French were considered the main foreign languages in Norway;
for example, they were used in the Norwegian passport until the 1990s and there is a right by which
university students can use these languages when presenting their thesis.

Typical Norwegian Foods and Drinks

For those who love sea food, Norway offers endless possibilities in its gastronomy to please even the
most demanding palates. The salmon is a delicacy for the occasions of celebration, for the
Norwegians it is our daily bread.

Norwegian traditional cuisine has a millenary experience since before the Vikings, so it is enjoyed as
breakfast, lunch or dinner to smoked salmon, which is also one of its main export food products, given
its texture they describe as exclusive and very tasty.

Gastronomic Index

Typical dishes of Norway

Recipes from simple to delicately complex

One of the simplest ways Norwegians eat salmon is with scrambled eggs and sandwiches. Also, it is
very general consumption of gravlax or buried salmon that season with dill, spices and other herbs
and salt and sugar. In Bergen a fishing market of the many that exist, a great variety of salmon is
obtained.

Gravlax or buried salmon

The Scandinavian flavors of Norwegian food include the common cod, the Gadus morhua which is
that of Norway and the Atlantic cod that they export to the whole world and is tasted in many varieties
of preparation, such as in traditional salting with 18 to 21 days of traditional process. Likewise, it is
eaten smoked, fresh or marinated.

Excelencias del mar with soft flavors

At present, it is still possible to eat its variety known as Skrei that was consumed in the nomadic stage
and is considered the best variety of salmon in the world, it is fished annually in the Lofoten Islands
with a special microclimate, and its preparation is known as the miracle of Skrei.

Norwegian cod

In Norway, fresh cod is prepared with potatoes and fine sauces with very mild flavors and aromas,
with ingredients such as asparagus and radishes. The white fish and even the same fresh cod are
prepared with an ingredient called soda and it is a dish that is known as lutefisk.
Trout is very popular in Norwegian cuisine, specially prepared in Rakfisk and they actually prepare a
trout family of salmonids known as salvelino, it is salted and fermented for more than two or three
months and after that process , they eat it in fillets in the company of onion bread, boiled potatoes
and sour cream.

Extra: The most popular typical dishes of the earth

Expensive and rare delicacies in Norway

The whale is now an expensive and rare delicacy, although in the past it was part of Norway's basic
diet. What is still daily, is to prepare and eat seafood, prawns, sardines, mackerel, herring and crabs
in soup, in pies, dried, salted and also, in pudding. They are largely the basis of Norwegian sea food.

One of the most popular gastronomic festivals in Norway is the king crab, which is a food of
exceptional quality and is eaten in large quantities. Likewise, the prawns or reker that can be bought
in the ports and boats and the Norwegian style are consumed in white bread sprinkled with lemon
juice, a touch of dill and mayonnaise.

Drinks

The most typical drinks you can have in Norway.

Desserts

The most typical desserts and sweets in Norway.

This is the Norwegian gastronomy.

Religion

Cathedral of Nidaros in Trondheim.

Wooden church of Heddal in Notodden, the largest Stavkirke in Norway.

About 71.5% of the population belongs to the Lutheran Evangelical Church of Norway, although many
are not practicing members.81 The State supports the Church and the king appoints the clergy.
However, full religious freedom is guaranteed and there are Protestant and Catholic groups
representing 4% of the population.
The Norwegians are registered as members of the Church of Norway when they are baptized, and
make use of the services of baptisms, confirmation, marriage and funerals, which are deeply rooted
in the culture of this country.

A little over 10% of the population was not affiliated with the official church on January 1, 2009. Other
Christian denominations congregate 4.2% of the population, including the Evangelical Free Lutheran
Church, the Catholic Church, the Church Baptist, the Seventh-day Adventist Church, Methodist
Church and Pentecostal congregations, among others. Among non-Christian religions Islam is the
largest, and the second fastest growing. 1.5% of the population are Muslims. This is practiced by
Somali immigrants, Arabs, Albanians and Turks, as well as Norwegians of Pakistani descent.

Demography

Royal Palace of Oslo.

Population density map of Norway

Main article: Demography of Norway

At the end of 2015, Norway had an estimated population of 5 214 890 inhabitants.77 Life expectancy
is 79.6 years. The average number of children per woman is 1.78.

Due to weather conditions and the particular orographic configuration of the country, the highest
demographic densities occur on the coast and south of the territory, where environmental conditions
are more benign for the human habitat. Around 40% of the Norwegian population is located around
the Oslo fjord, while vast areas of the country are not habitable. The average density is just 15.5
inhab / km², one of the lowest in the European continent (only surpassing Iceland). A significant
percentage of the population is concentrated in towns and cities.

The majority of Norwegians (86%) belong to the Lutheran Church of Norway. About 7% belong to
other religious communities, while about 1.5% belong to the secular human ethical union. The
remaining percentage does not belong to any group.

The current ethnic composition is as follows: [citation needed]

Europeans: 95.3% (Norwegians 91.7% + other Europeans 3.6%)

Asians: 3.2%

Africans: 0.8%

Other: 0.7%
Normal divisions

The political administration of Norway takes place on three levels:

Kingdom: covers all of continental Norway, as well as the overseas territories of Svalbard and Jan
Mayen. While the Svalbard archipelago is subject to an international treaty with some limits to
Norwegian sovereignty, Jan Mayen shares the governor of the province (fylkesmann) with Nordland.

Provinces (in Norwegian: fylker, singular fylke): they are 18, and derive in part from divisions prior to
the Norwegian Constitution of 1814 and the independence of 1905. These provinces are electoral
districts during the elections to the Norwegian parliament.

Municipalities (in Norwegian: kommuner, singular kommune): there are 422.1 in addition to the local
authority of Longyearbyen, which shares some similarities with the municipalities.

In addition, some cities have internal administrative subdivisions:

Neighborhoods (in Norwegian: bydeler, singular bydel): administrative subdivisions within large cities.
In Norwegian statistics, only Oslo, Bergen, Trondheim and Stavanger are divided into neighborhoods.
It can also be translated as districts, but this causes confusion with traditional districts, the country's
unofficial cultural division unit. The neighborhoods, in turn, usually include all or part of several strøk
-whose approximate translation would be "neighborhood" -historical areas within the large cities that
are usually its best known division.

On the other hand, some areas are not part of the previous divisions, but are governed by
independent administrations:

Dependent territories: Svalbard, Jan Mayen, Bouvet Island, Pedro I Island and Tierra de la Reina
Maud.

With the advances in transportation and communications, the benefits of these divisions are in
continuous discussion. The list of municipalities has declined from 744 in the early 1960s to 430
today, and more unions are planned. In addition, the political responsibilities of the provinces have
been decreasing.

Other religions that have less than 1% are Judaism, Mormonism (Church of Christ (Latter-day Saints))
and Jehovah's Witnesses. Hindu immigrants introduced Hinduism, which has fewer than 5,000
followers. Buddhism has 11 associations and houses 0.42% of the population. Some Sami minorities
retain their shamanistic religion even though they were converted to Christianity at the end of the 18th
century by Norwegian and Danish missionaries.

Government

The Palace of the Storting, seat of the Norwegian Parliament.

Norway is a constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary system of government. The functions of the
king are mainly ceremonial, but it has an influence as the symbol of national union. Although the
Constitution of 1814 guarantees important executive powers to the King, these are in almost all cases
executed by the Council of State in the name of the King (Council of the King). The council of state
or cabinet consists of the Prime Minister and his council, appointed by the king. Since 1884, the
parliamentary system has ensured that the council has parliamentary approval, so the appointments
made by the king are a simple formality.

The 165 members of the Norwegian parliament, or Storting, are elected from the 19 provinces for
terms of four years according to proportional representation. Although it is a unicameral legislature,
to consider or modify the legislation, the Norwegian parliament chooses a quarter of its members to
form a high chamber or Lagting, while the other members constitute a lower chamber or Odelsting.

Titles of the Norwegian Sovereigns:

King (872-) Head of State

Prime Minister (1814-) Head of Government

Weather

Taking into account that the third part of Norway is in glacial areas and that most of it is more than
300 meters above sea level, it is understandable that the Norwegian climate is very cold. But at the
same time, Norway is favored climatologically, since in the western region it is influenced by the
current of the Gulf and by the winds that flow from the south and southwest, which protect from the
glacial influence of the Arctic Ocean and generate an oceanic climate.

The southern and western parts of the country are totally exposed to the storm fronts of the North
Atlantic and experience greater rainfall than the rest of the territory. In general, the south enjoys milder
winters than other regions of the north, east or mountainous regions farthest from the ocean. The
areas east of the coastal mountains are in the shade of the rain, so they receive less rainfall than the
west. The lowlands around Oslo have warmer and sunny summers, as well as the cold and snow in
winter are somewhat lower.

Due to the high latitude of Norway, there are large seasonal variations of daylight. From the end of
May to the end of July, the sun never fully descends below the horizon in areas north of the Arctic
Circle - hence the description of Norway as the "Land of the Midnight Sun" - and the rest of the country
Experience a maximum of 20 hours of light per day. By contrast, from the end of November to the
end of January, the sun never rises above the horizon in the north, and the daylight hours are very
short in the rest of the country.