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Major and Perfect Interval Basics

Intervals which occur between the tonic note of a scale and each degree of that scale may be described as
perfect (P) or major (M).
P1 M2 M3 P4 P5 M6 M7 P8

     
 
Perfect Unison Major 2nd Major 3rd Perfect 4th Perfect 5th Major 6th Major 7th Perfect Octave

        
unison 1 whole step 2 whole steps 2 1/2 whole steps 3 1/2 whole steps 4 1/2 whole steps 5 1/2 whole steps 6 whole steps

________________________________________________________________________________

Name each interval. Make sure to indicate if it is major (M) or perfect (P).

  
Examples

       

M3 P5 P4 M2 M3 M6

    
   
1

___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___

 
        
2

  
___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___

    
    
3

 
   
___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___

    
4


   
___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___

      
5

___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___

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Minor Interval Basics

M3 m3 M3 m3

     
Major 3rd minor 3rd Major 3rd minor 3rd

A minor interval is created by decreasing

a major interval by 1/2 step.
Examples
 

m2 M2 m3 M3 m6 M6 m7 M7

      
minor 2nd Major 2nd minor 3rd Major 3rd minor 6th Major 6th minor 7th Major 7th

         
1 half step 1 whole step 1-1/2 whole steps 2 whole steps 4 whole steps 4-1/2 whole steps 5 whole steps 5-1/2 whole steps

________________________________________________________________________________

Name each interval. Make sure to indicate if it is major (M) or minor (m).

  
Examples

       

m3 M6 m6 m3 m7 m2

   
1

      


___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___

 
      

2


___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___

   
    
3

   
___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___

      
  
4

 
___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___
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Diminished Interval Basics

  
m3 dim 3 P5 dim 5


 
minor 3rd diminished 3rd Perfect 5th diminished 5th

 
A diminished interval is created by
decreasing a perfect interval or a minor Examples
interval by 1/2 step.

  
dim 2 dim 3 dim 4 dim 5 dim 6 dim 7 dim 8

   
       
unison 1 whole step 2 whole steps 3 whole steps 3-1/2 whole steps 4-1/2 whole steps 5-1/2 whole steps

________________________________________________________________________________

Name each interval. Make sure to indicate if it is diminished (dim), perfect (P) or minor (m).

       
Examples

  
dim 5 P4 dim 8 dim 3 m2 dim 6

     
  
1

 
   
___ ___


___ ___ ___ ___

 
         
2

 
___ ___

 
___ ___ ___ ___

    
 
3

 
___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___

   
      
4

 
___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___

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Augmented Interval Basics

  
M3 aug 3 P5 aug 5


Perfect 5th augmented 5th

     
An augmented interval is created by Major 3rd augmented 3rd
increasing a perfect interval or a major
Examples
interval by 1/2 step.

  
aug 1 aug 2 aug 3 aug 4 aug 5 aug 6 aug 7 aug 8

             
1 half step 1-1/2 whole steps 2-1/2 whole steps 3 whole steps 4 whole steps 5 whole steps 6 whole steps 6-1/2 whole steps

________________________________________________________________________________

Name each interval. Make sure to indicate if it is augmented (aug), perfect (P) or Major (M).

    
     
   
 
P5 aug 5 aug 4 aug 1 aug 8 P4

  
  
1

     
___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___

    
      
2


___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___

   
         
3


___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___

        
 
4

___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___

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Intervals I
In music, an interval is the distance between two notes.
A melodic interval is the distance between two notes shich are played one at a time.
A harmonic interval is the distance between two notes which are played at the same time.

           
    
Melodic Intervals

      
2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th

      
  
Harmonic Intervals
5th 6th 7th
2nd 3rd 4th

       
 
The interval between two The interval of an
identical notes is called eighth is called an
a unison. octave.
unison
octave
(8th)
________________________________________________________________________________

    
1. Identify the following intervals as melodic (M) or harmonic (H).

     
  

H ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___

      
 
2. Name these melodic intervals.

    
___
  
5th unison ___ ___ ___ ___ ___

     

3. Name these harmonic intervals.

 
___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___

   
4. Write the indicated harmonic interval above the given note.

   
5th 3rd unison octave 2nd 4th 5th 7th

 
5. Write the indicated harmonic interval above the given note.

     
3rd 5th 4th 6th unison 7th octave 4th
®
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Intervals II
Use this chart to help complete the exercises below.

     
unison 
 2nd
 3rd
 4th 5th  6th  7th
 octave

________________________________________________________________________________

 
  
1. Name these harmonic intervals.

   

___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___

  
      
2. Name these melodic intervals.

   
___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___

  
        

3. Name these intervals.


___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___

    
4. Write the indicated harmonic interval above the given note.

 
unison 2nd 3rd 6th octave 
3rd

    
5. Write the indicated harmonic interval below the given note.

  
4th 5th 3rd unison 2nd 6th

  
6. Write the indicated harmonic interval above the given note.

   

octave 3rd 7th 5th 3rd 6th
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Intervals III
      
Identify the intervals used in these exercises.  3rd  3rd
 
3rd 2nd 3rd 2nd

  
Name the melodic intervals used in the treble clef


and the harmonic intervals used in the bass clef.

3rd 6th 3rd

________________________________________________________________________________

 
1.

   
        
        
___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___


___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___

  
2.

          
  
___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___

     
 

___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___

      
3.

    
     ___   
 
___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___

  
___


___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___

      
4.
      

     

___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___

  
___ ___ ___ ___

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Elements of Music: 0030

Half Steps and Whole Steps I

The half step (H) is the smallest interval used in The whole step (W) is an interval made by combining
traditional Western music. The piano keyboard is two half steps.
arranged in half steps; the distance between two
adjacent keys on the piano is a half step. W W
H H H H
H H H H




W W
________________________________________________________________________________

Using the keyboards below, write the interval (whole step or half step) that is created by the Os.

1. ___________________ 2. ___________________

 

3. ___________________ 4. ___________________

 

5. ___________________ 6. ___________________

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Half Steps and Whole Steps II

Example: 2 whole steps

Using the keyboards below, write the interval in

whole step and half steps that is created by the Os. 

________________________________________________________________________________

1. ___________________ 2. ___________________

 

3. ___________________ 4. ___________________

 

5. ___________________ 6. ___________________

7. ___________________ 8. ___________________

 

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Major, Minor and Perfect Intervals I

  
Name these intervals.

Use "M" for major intervals, Example 

"m" for minor intervals and
"P" for perfect intervals. P5

________________________________________________________________________________

  
1 2 3 4
     
_____ _____ _____ _____

  
5 6 7 8

       
_____ _____ _____ _____

9
 
10
 11

12

     
_____ _____ _____ _____

13

14  15

16
       

_____ _____ _____ _____

      
17 18 19 20
    

_____ _____ _____ _____

    
21 22 23 24
    
  
_____ _____ _____ _____
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Major, Minor and Perfect Intervals II


Name these intervals.

Use "M" for major intervals,

Example 
"m" for minor intervals and
M3

________________________________________________________________________________

 
1 2 3 4
      
_____ _____ _____ _____

   

5 6 7 8
     

_____ _____ _____ _____

   
9 10 11 12
       
_____ _____ _____ _____


     
13 14 15 16
 
 
_____ _____ _____ _____

  

17 18 19 20
 
      
_____ _____ _____ _____


21

22
 23 24
     

_____ _____ _____ _____
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Major, Minor and Perfect Intervals III

 
Name these intervals.

Use "M" for major intervals, Example 

"m" for minor intervals and
m3

________________________________________________________________________________

 
    
1 2 3 4

    
_____ _____ _____ _____


5 6 7 8

       
   
_____ _____ _____ _____

   
   
9 10 11 12
  

_____ _____ _____ _____


     
13 14 15 16
  
 
_____ _____ _____ _____

 
 
17 18 19 20
       

_____ _____ _____ _____

    
21 22 23 24
       
_____ _____ _____ _____
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Major, Minor and Perfect Intervals IV


Write the note above the given note which
completes the interval.
Example  
m6
________________________________________________________________________________

 
1 2 3 4
    

P5 m3 M6 m7


5 6 7 8

     

M3 M6 P4 M7

 
 
9 10 11 12
  
m3
 m6 P5
P8

 
13 14 15 16
   
 
M2 P4 M6 m2

 
17 18 19 20

     
M7 m6 P4 M3

 
21 22 23 24
   
 
M6 P8 m7 M3
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Major, Minor and Perfect Intervals V


Write the note above the given note which
completes the interval.
Example  
M7
________________________________________________________________________________

  
1 2 3 4
  
 
M6 m7 P4 P8

 
5 6 7 8
   
 
M7 m6 m7 m2

  
9 10 11 12
    
M3 M2 P4 m3


13
 14 15

16

  

P4 m6 M7 P4


17 18 19 20
      
M6 M7 M3 m6


21 22 23 24
    
 
M7 M3 m6 M6
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Major, Minor and Perfect Intervals VI

Write the note above the given note which Example   
completes the interval.
P4
________________________________________________________________________________

 
1 2 3 4
     
m7 m3 M7 m7

 
5 6 7 8
     
P4 P5 M3 M6

  
9 10 11 12
    
m6 M7 M2 m7


13 14 15 16
      
m6 M7 m6 M3


17 18 19 20
    
 
m7 m2 m7 m3

 
21 22 23 24
    

P4 m6 M7 M3
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Name_______________________ Date____________________

Chromatic Intervals I
(Major, Minor, Perfect, Augmented and Diminished Intervals)
Name these intervals.

Use "M" for major intervals,

Example   
"m" for minor intervals,
"P" for perfect intervals,
"dim" for diminished intervals and dim 5
"Aug" for augmented intervals.
________________________________________________________________________________

  
  
1 2 3 4
   

_____ _____ _____ _____


5
 6 7 8
      

_____ _____ _____ _____

    
9 10 11 12
   
 
_____ _____ _____ _____

  
     
13 14 15 16
 
_____ _____ _____ _____

    
17 18 19 20
    

_____ _____ _____ _____

  
21 22 23 24
      

_____ _____ _____ _____
®
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Name_______________________ Date____________________

Chromatic Intervals II
(Major, Minor, Perfect, Augmented and Diminished Intervals)
Name these intervals.

Use "M" for major intervals,

Example   
"m" for minor intervals,
"P" for perfect intervals,
"dim" for diminished intervals and Aug 5th
"Aug" for augmented intervals.
________________________________________________________________________________

    
1 2 3 4
    

_____ _____ _____ _____

 
5 6 7 8
      
  
_____ _____ _____ _____

   
9 10 11 12

     

_____ _____ _____ _____

      
13 14 15 16
     
_____ _____ _____ _____

   
17 19 20
 
18
   
 
_____ _____ _____ _____

   
21 22 23 24
      

_____ _____ _____ _____
®
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Name_______________________ Date____________________

Chromatic Intervals III

(Major, Minor, Perfect, Augmented and Diminished Intervals)
Name these intervals.


 
Use "M" for major intervals,
"m" for minor intervals, Example
"P" for perfect intervals,
"dim" for diminished intervals and dim 7
"Aug" for augmented intervals.
________________________________________________________________________________

  
1 2 3 4
       
_____ _____ _____ _____


5
 6
 
7 8
      
_____ _____ _____ _____


        
9 10 11 12
   
_____ _____ _____ _____

     
13 14 15 16
    
_____ _____ _____ _____

  
17 19 20

18
      
 
_____ _____ _____ _____


21
 
22

23
 24
      
_____ _____ _____ _____
®
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Name_______________________ Date____________________

Chromatic Intervals IV
(Major, Minor, Perfect, Augmented and Diminished Intervals)
Write the note above the given note which Example   
completes the interval.
Aug 5
________________________________________________________________________________


1 2 3 4
   
  
M6 M7 m7 dim 5

   
5 6 7 8

   
m3 dim 4 M6 P8


9 10 11 12
     

M3 Aug 5 m6 M6

  
13 14 15 16
    
M2 m2 m3 m7


 
17 18 19 20

    
M3 Aug 4 P5 Aug 8

  
21 22 23 24
    
P4 M2 m3 M3
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Name_______________________ Date____________________

Chromatic Intervals V
(Major, Minor, Perfect, Augmented and Diminished Intervals)

Complete these intervals by writing a note
above the given note.
Example  
dim 7
________________________________________________________________________________

    
1 2 3 4
  
Aug 3 M3 m6 dim 7


5 6 7 8

     

Aug 5 m7 M3 Aug 7

 
9 10 11 12
  
  
dim 5 M6 Aug 5 dim 4

 
13 14 15 16
  
  
M7 Aug 5 m6 P4

 
17 18 19 20
     
m7 dim 8 dim 3 Aug 6


21 22 23 24
      
Aug 2 dim 6 M7 M6
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Name_______________________ Date____________________

Chromatic Intervals VI
(Major, Minor, Perfect, Augmented and Diminished Intervals)
Write the note above the given note which
completes the interval.
Example   
Aug 3
________________________________________________________________________________

 
1 2 3 4
    

dim 5 m7 Aug 7 Aug 6

  
5 6 7 8

    
dim 4 P4 M6 m3


9 10 11 12
      
Aug 3 m6 Aug 8 P4

 
13 14 15 16
   
 
m7 dim 8 m3 M6

  
17 18 19 20

    
P5 Aug 2 dim 2 M7

 
21 22 23 24
     
Aug 5 m7 Aug 4 dim 3
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Name_______________________ Date____________________

The Circle of Fifths I



The Circle of Fifths diagram shows the


clockwise arrangement of major keys SHA
in an order of ascending fifths C R PS

for sharp key signatures.

With each added sharp FLA
TS G
the key advances five

F
 
 
letter names and the
tonic moves up a

B
perfect fifth.

D
Flat keys are
presented in

an order of


descending

E  
fifths. With
each added A
flat the key
moves back


five letter
names and
A
the tonic moves

 
down a perfect fifth.

  
E
   

D     C
C G
  
  
B
  F
 
 
________________________________________________________________________________
1. Write the flats in the order in which they are added as you go around the circle of fifths.

B  _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____

2. Write the sharps in the order in which they are added as you go around the circle of fifths.

F _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____

3. Write the names of the keys with sharps in order as they appear on the circle of fifths.

G _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____

4. Write the names of the keys with flats in order as they appear on the circle of fifths.

F _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____

®
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Name_______________________ Date____________________

The Circle of Fifths II

Complete the circle of fifths by writing the names of the missing keys.

________________________________________________________________________________




SHA
C RPS

TS G
FL A


F

 


__

__

 
__    __ 




__

 
   

__


__     __

  
  
__ __ __
 
 
__
 

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Name_______________________ Date____________________

The Circle of Fifths III

Complete the circle of fifths by adding the missing key signatures.

________________________________________________________________________________



SHA
C R PS

FLA
TS G
F


B D


E  A 


A
 
E

D  C
C G B
 F 


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Name_______________________ Date____________________

The Circle of Fifths IV

Complete the circle of fifths by writing in the names of the missing keys and their missing key signatures.

________________________________________________________________________________


C SHAR
PS 
TS G
FLA

F


__

__

__  __ 


__
 
__

__  __
__ __ __
 __ 


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