Maldonado López Miguel Angel

IAM30B
Tratamiento Térmicos

Factores que causan distorsión en un tratamiento térmico.

There are many causes of distortion, but the primary cause is machining and residual
induced stresses. When steel or any metal is mechanically manipulated by machining or
mechanical deformation such as forging and rolling, stress is induced into the steel. The only
really effective method of the removal of induced stress is by the application of heat.

Part design/geometry, steel production methods and steel quality are important as well.
The shape of the part, or the "design geometry," dictates to a large extent the post heat-
treat distortion results. Most often this parameter is fixed for a given application. Steel
production methods and steel quality, including cleanliness (inclusion level and
distribution), Jominy (hardenability over a given range), grain size, and tramp-element
percentages also play a significant role.

When a precision-machined gear is put in a furnace, raised to austenitizing temperature,

carburized for an extended time and then quenched to produce a martensitic
microstructure, distortion is unavoidable.

Causes for Distortion – General

• Failure to normalize the material

• Improper annealing
• Excessive stress from machining (drilling and milling are common sources of induced
stress.)
• Surface tearing or burnishing (creates stress risers on the part)
• Holes, slots or varying section on a part (These areas will quench faster causing
differential part cooling.)
• Part too long, high length/diameter ratio (As a rule, a ratio over eight-to-one results
in distortion.)
• Excessive case depth of case hardening (Distortion tends to increase with deeper
case depths.)

Bibliografía
Herring, D. (19 de Mayo de 2010). Industrial Heating. Obtenido de Industrial Heating :
https://www.industrialheating.com/blogs/14-industrial-heating-experts-speak-
blog/post/89394-causes-for-heat-treat-distortion